南海风暴潮对风场和外围海水敏感性研究     

李健  刘清容  阮成卿  訚忠辉  冀承振 《海洋科学》2018,42(2):99-107

为探索来自西北太平洋台风风暴潮与南海局地生成台风风暴潮不同,本研究在假设两种台风气象条件相同情况下,研究随台风而来外围海水所形成增水对南海沿岸的影响。以0814"黑格比"强台风风暴潮为基础,使用ROMS(regional ocean modeling system)模式进行数值模拟并通过设计对比试验方法进行研究,研究发现在台风登陆时引起的增水最大,最大增水出现在台风路径右侧,其中在沿岸区域,外围海水形成增水约占总增水10%,且大约3 h后出现增水回震现象。同时,设计对比试验,研究来自西北太平洋台风风暴潮对台风路径、台风强度、台风移动速度和流入角等气象条件敏感性,并获得与前人一致的结果。  相似文献   

不同类型的高位虾池排污对秋茄幼苗生长的影响     

田园  陈光程  唐飞龙  郑春芳  叶勇 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(6):112-120

中国多数红树林陆地边缘存在着大量的养虾池塘。这些养虾池塘可通过：（1）换塘外排废水，（2）清塘直排污泥影响周围的红树林。本研究共包含两个实验，来探讨这两种类型的排污对秋茄幼苗生长的影响。实验一模拟虾池常规换塘情况，研究换塘废水对秋茄幼苗生长的影响。实验二设置四种虾池清塘污泥沉积厚度（0 cm，2 cm，4 cm，8 cm），研究虾池清塘污泥的累积效应对秋茄幼苗生长的影响。结果如下：在5，15和25三种盐度下，虾池换塘废水未对秋茄生长指标造成显著影响；而清塘污泥对秋茄生长的影响与其沉积厚度有关，大多数生长参数在污泥沉积厚度为4 cm时呈现最大值。秋茄幼苗在适量的沉积厚度下加速了生长，且本实验秋茄幼苗对虾池清塘污泥的耐受性为沉积厚度8 cm。  相似文献   

The characteristics of Asian dust events in Northeast Asia during the springtime from 1993 to 2004   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Ju-Yeon Lim  Youngsin Chun   《Global and Planetary Change》2006,52(1-4):231

The characteristics of Asian dust events that occurred in Northeast Asia during the springtime from 1993 to 2004 are investigated using 3-hourly SYNOP reports (World Meteorological Organization). Occurrences of blowing sand and dust storm are low in 1997 and 1999, but have increased rapidly since 2000. The maximum occurrence was recorded in 2002. Wind velocity of 6.5 m s^− 1 as a threshold wind velocity is not so exactly consistent with the occurrence of blowing sand. However, wind velocity of 14 m s^− 1 as a strong wind causing dust storm had similar tendency to those of dust storm and Dust Storm Index.Source regions of Asian dust are divided into three regions (A: dry arid, B: semi-arid, and C: cultivated), based upon the occurrence of blowing sand and dust storm. Eight meteorological stations are selected in three regions, which have frequent occurrences of blowing sand. Source regions of Asian dust that affect the Korean peninsula are gradually extending eastward. Positive anomalies of NDVI occurred in 1994, 1995, and 1998 when temperature was high and precipitation was heavy. However, the frequent occurrence of the dust phenomena is not always consistent with lots of vegetation, high temperature, and much precipitation in this study.  相似文献   

Effect of spatial variation characteristics on contouring of design storm depth     

Ke‐Sheng Cheng  Chiang Wei  Yen‐Ben Cheng  Hui‐Chung Yeh 《水文研究》2003,17(9):1755-1769

The ordinary kriging method, a geostatistical interpolation technique, was applied for developing contour maps of design storm depth in northern Taiwan using intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) data. Results of variogram modelling on design storm depths indicate that the design storms can be categorized into two distinct storm types: (i) storms of short duration and high spatial variation and (ii) storms of long duration and less spatial variation. For storms of the first category, the influence range of rainfall depth decreases when the recurrence interval increases, owing to the increasing degree of their spatial independence. However, for storms of the second category, the influence range of rainfall depth does not change significantly and has an average of approximately 72 km. For very extreme events, such as events of short duration and long recurrence interval, we do not recommend usage of the established design storm contours, because most of the interstation distances exceed the influence ranges. Our study concludes that the influence range of the design storm depth is dependent on the design duration and recurrence interval and is a key factor in developing design storm contours. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Contribution of storms to groundwater recharge in the semi‐arid region of Karnataka,India     

K. Shivanna  U. P. Kulkarni  T. B. Joseph  S. V. Navada 《水文研究》2004,18(3):473-485

This paper describes the application of environmental isotopes and injected tracer techniques in estimating the contribution of storms as well as annual precipitation to groundwater recharge and its circulation, in the semi‐arid region of Bagepalli, Kolar district, Karnataka. Environmental isotopes ²H, ¹⁸O and ³H were used to study the effect of storms on the hydrological system, and an isotope balance was used to compute the contribution of a storm component to the groundwater. Some of the groundwater samples collected during the post‐storm periods were highly depleted in stable isotope content with higher deuterium excess relative to groundwater from the pre‐storm periods. Significant variation in deuterium excess in groundwater from the same area, collected in two different periods, indicates the different origin of air masses. The estimated recharge component of a storm event of 600 mm to the groundwater was found to be in the range of 117–165 mm. There was no significant variation in environmental tritium content of post‐storm and pre‐storm groundwater, indicating the fast circulation of groundwater in the system. After completion of the environmental isotope work, an injected radiotracer ³H technique was applied to estimate the direct recharge of total precipitation to the groundwater. The estimated recharge to the groundwater is 33 mm of the 550 mm annual precipitation during 1992. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Design of stable drainage networks in upland forestry plantations     

T. P. Flintham  P. A. Carling 《水文研究》1993,7(3):335-347

Erosion of man-made, forestry drainage channels occurs when the plough cuts through the surface peat layer into the underlying erodible mineral soil. A procedure is developed, based on hydraulic considerations, which will allow the drainage engineer to design stable drainage networks in upland forestry plantations. An example design chart is given for an erodible sandy loam type soil.  相似文献   

Poisson-Logistic二元复合极值模型在平台甲板标高设计中的应用     

刘德辅宋艳  李晓冬 《海洋工程》2003,21(4):35-40

考虑到平台所在海区台风出现的频次及其诱发之风、浪、潮、流极端海况联合出现的概率特性，本文推导出Poisson—Logistic二元复合极值模式，并以平台甲板标高进行实例计算。新模式增加了概率模型的物理内涵，解决了Logistic模型阈值选取的任意性。对海洋工程极端海况荷载组合预测具有广泛的应用前景。  相似文献   

舟山群岛一次"晴天暴"过程分析     

陈淑琴  唐跃  黄辉 《海洋预报》2006,23(1):65-69

主要使用常规填图资料计算各种物理量,对一次“晴天暴”大风过程进行诊断分析,结果表明此次大风的形成机制是:在强盛的西北急流作用下,急行性干冷锋快速东移南下,形成中低层的强温度梯度和地面气压梯度,高空冷平流与地面加热共同作用,形成大的温度层结递减率,产生不稳定层结,引起垂直动量交换,因此地面出现强风。最后总结出此类大风的预报思路。  相似文献   

0421号热带风暴"海马"登陆前后环境场对其移向和强度影响的分析     

赵凯  濮梅娟 《台湾海峡》2005,24(3):370-376

0421号热带风暴“海马(Haima)”于2004年9月13日12:00在浙江省温州市沿海登陆,登陆后迅速减弱为热带低压,20:00在浙江境内消失.本研究采用物理量诊断分析法,探讨该热带风暴登陆前后涡度场、湿焓场变化对其移向和强度的影响.结果表明,该热带风暴登陆后,涡度(ξ)明显减弱.涡度局地变化(ξ/t)值分布显示,风暴移动方向的后方,涡度减弱的趋势比前方涡度增大的趋势更剧烈;风暴有向其外围(ξ/t)正值中心(即涡度增幅最大)移动的趋势.该热带风暴登陆前、后,湿焓都增大,但登陆后湿焓增大趋势已大大减弱;风暴有向湿焓局地变化(E/t)正值中心移动的趋势,即向能量增强最大的方向移动.  相似文献   

浅海流体动力学一种含变湍粘性系数的流速分解模型(Ⅱ)——模型在超浅海风暴潮零阶问题中的应用     

宋丽娜 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1987,(2)

本文将流速分解模型应用于作为超浅海风暴潮的渤海风潮,并讨论了变湍粘性系数的确定。作为一个初步的,但较为成功的数值试验例子,描述了实际风场作用下的渤海风潮,比较了变湍粘性系数模型与常湍粘性系数模型的计算结果间的差异。  相似文献