动态应力触发研究进展     

陈昊  冀战波  王琼  苏金波 《中国地震》2020,36(3):442-459

本文从库仑破裂应力与动态应力触发原理、观测事实与研究现状以及存在的问题与展望等3个方面介绍了动态应力触发的研究进展。其中,在主震对余震活动、强震对后续远场地震活动、不同破裂类型的地震之间及强震对火山(泥火山)的动态应力触发作用、一次大地震中子事件之间的动态应力触发关系以及动态应力触发的时间延迟等方面进行了详细讨论。分析认为,动态应力触发理论在解释震后余震分布、远程触发以及对火山触发性喷发等方面得到了较好的结果;动态应力触发可能会受断层破裂方式和方向的影响;大地震中子事件之间的动态应力触发关系对震源研究有重要意义;动态应力触发现象普遍存在时间延迟。  相似文献   

云南广南县老寨湾金矿地质特征及找矿标志     

高李阳  顾雄  吴小梅 《云南地质》2020,(1):71-75

广南县老寨湾金矿位于滇、黔、桂“金三角”重要成矿区带上,金矿体矿体呈似层状赋存于断层构造破碎带或层间构造破碎带中,构造控矿明显。矿体围岩均为下泥盆统坡松冲组第一段(D1ps1)硅化石英砂岩;矿床成因属中-低温热液叠加改造型金矿床,断层构造、硅化等矿化蚀变及地球化学异常是重要的找矿标志。  相似文献   

金伯利岩型金刚石矿床研究及其成矿模式探讨——以辽宁瓦房店地区金刚石原生矿矿床为例     

刘礼广  吴大天  韩双  万方来  林少全  杨献忠 《地质学报》2020,94(9):2650-2665

辽宁南部瓦房店金刚石矿是国内最大的金刚石矿产区，现已发现4处金刚石成矿带、120个岩体。其中金伯利岩岩管24个、岩脉89个、可疑岩体7个，累计提交1221万克拉储量，占全国金刚石储量52%。本文主要对该矿床的金刚石母岩—金伯利岩的岩石地球化学特征进行了全面系统分析，发现金伯利岩中MgO、NiO、Cr 2O 3的含量与TiO 2、Al 2O 3、Na 2O、K 2O、CaO、P 2O 5等偏碱性组分呈正相关关系；Ni、Cr、Co含量与金刚石含量呈正相关，而Ti、Zr、Ba元素含量与金刚石含量呈负相关。通过对瓦房店矿区金刚石中石榴石及单斜辉石包裹体、橄榄石- 石榴石矿物对、石榴石微量元素、尖晶石- 橄榄石等多种地质温、压计归纳得出金刚石矿的来源深度为150~210 km,压力5~7 GPa，温度1083~1261℃，在上述温、压条件下，结合岩浆化学组成，估算金伯利岩具有低氧逸度(fO 2=2. 913×1. 01325×10-6Pa)的特点。结合野外勘查工作，总结了该矿床的地质特征、控矿构造、矿体空间分布规律等要素，认为NEE向和NE向断裂控制着金伯利岩体的展布方向和矿体形态。脉状金伯利岩体一般呈NEE 70°~80°方向展布，严格受NEE至近EW向的密集节理或裂隙控制。提出了金刚石母岩—金伯利岩是由源于上地幔岩浆，在一定的封闭条件下，受构造与岩性双重控制，多期性的爆发与侵入交替作用所形成，并建立了具有较高氧逸度和较高密度的流变性软流圈，通过渗滤熔体浸蚀岩石圈形成金刚石的理想成因模式，希望为下一步找矿工作提供参考。  相似文献   

河北省怀安县朱家洼矿区地球化学特征与找矿方向     

王占彬 《地质与勘探》2020,56(1):102-112

河北怀安朱家洼矿区位于华北板块北缘中段太古宙、元古宙、中生代金银铅锌铁硫铁矿成矿带,为火山热液型金多金属矿。为查明该区成矿规律,明确找矿方向,在区内开展了水系沉积物测量、土壤地球化学测量等工作。通过对元素分布、元素相关性、元素异常等特征研究表明,Au、Mo为本区主成矿元素;各元素异常平面分布具有分带性,高温元素W、Sn、Bi异常位于骆驼山火山机构中心,中低温元素Pb、Zn、As、Ag等异常分布于火山机构边部及周边围岩中,成矿元素Au、Mo异常主要位于火山机构西侧围岩中。异常查证发现金钼矿化体2条,金钼矿化受火山机构和北西向构造带控制。依据成矿地质条件、地球化学异常及查证成果认为,朱家洼矿区Au、Mo成矿潜力大,火山机构西侧围岩区是该区重点找矿地段。  相似文献   

中国企业R&D国际化:时空格局与区位选择影响因素     

胡曙虹  杜德斌  范蓓蕾 《地理研究》2019,38(7):1733-1748

基于中国企业海外R&D投资数据和零断尾负二项回归分析方法,探讨了1998—2015年中国企业R&D国际化的时空格局特征,并从东道国角度分析影响其区位选择的主要因素。结果表明：研究期内中国新建海外R&D机构数量快速扩张;海外R&D投资区域分布广泛,呈现分散和集聚并存的特征;以华为为例分析了典型中国企业海外R&D投资的空间布局特征,认为目前华为海外R&D投资呈现集中布局在欧洲,零散分布在亚洲、美洲、非洲的空间特征,主要是由其以全球技术升级和满足多样化的市场需求等R&D国际化的战略动机所决定。回归分析结果表明,中国企业对发达国家和发展中国家进行R&D投资的影响因素有共同点但也存在一定的差异：① 现阶段东道国的R&D需求不是影响中国企业对其进行R&D投资的主要因素;② 代表中国与东道国经济往来密切程度的关联要素是影响中国企业R&D投资的重要决策因素;③ 发达国家吸引中国企业对其进行R&D投资主要是因其创新能力强、R&D资源数量多,而政策及制度供给是影响中国企业对发展中国家进行R&D投资的主要因素;④ 地理距离对中国企业R&D“走出去”的阻碍作用主要体现在对发展中国家的R&D投资中。  相似文献   

Notes on Mississippian echinoderms from Hurdlow,Derbyshire, central England     

Stephen K. Donovan  A.J. de Winter 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2019,130(5):582-589

The fossil echinoderms of the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) of Derbyshire remain understudied, principally due to the nature of the preservation rather than any lack of biodiversity. Echinoids and crinoids are described in float blocks of limestone from near Hurdlow, Derbyshire, which have been etched naturally after many years of being washed by weakly acidic rain. Surface detail is variable, commonly poor, but rare specimens retain enough features for tentative identification. Two species of echinoids are identified from rare disarticulated plates, namely Melonechinus? sp. (ambulacral plates) and archaeocidarid sp. (interambulacral plate); more and superior material will be necessary to confirm this division. Crinoids include a cladid brachial ossicle sp. with a distinctive sculpture; a columnal of a monobathrid camerate platycrinitid sp.; Annulocolumnus (col.) sp. cf. A. annulus Donovan, a columnal morphotaxon with an unusually broad axial canal; and Cyclocyclicus (col.) spp. This is the tenth echinoid site to be recognized from the Mississippian of the White Peak. Examination of etched float blocks provides a further method of investigation of the echinoderm fauna of this and other limestone areas.  相似文献   

矿物组分对龙马溪组页岩动、静态弹性特征的影响          下载免费PDF全文

王斌  邓继新  刘喜武  潘建国  王佳庆  肖顺垚 《地球物理学报》2019,62(12):4833-4845

龙马溪组页岩是目前国内页岩气勘探的主要层位之一,其静态弹性性质是影响压裂效果的重要因素,而动态弹性性质则是页岩"甜点"地震预测的重要基础.但对龙马溪组页岩动、静态弹性特征相互关系及其影响因素缺少对比研究,致使运用动态弹性性质进行"甜点"预测时存在不确定性.在对龙马溪组页岩样品系统动、静态性质联合测量基础上,分析了页岩样品动、静态弹性性质的变化规律,并讨论了成岩作用与动、静态弹性性质变化规律的因果关系.研究结果表明,龙马溪组页岩上下两段成岩过程存在明显差异,致使上段页岩在结构上表现为以塑性黏土颗粒作为受力骨架,而下段页岩在结构上逐渐转变为脆性石英颗粒作为受力骨架.页岩岩石结构特征的变化控制了动、静态弹性特征的整体变化规律,表现为动、静态杨氏模量、峰值强度等随石英含量的增大表现出近似"V"型的变化形式,而与钙质含量变化呈现正相关关系,与黏土含量变化表现出负相关性.上段页岩宏观力学性质受微观石英+黏土颗粒集合体弹性性质控制,应力应变曲线表现出明显塑性段,动、静态杨氏模量比大于1.4,破裂易于发生在黏土与石英颗粒边界形成宏观单剪型破裂模式,样品脆性低,且脆性变化不受石英含量的影响.下段页岩宏观力学性质受微观石英颗粒集合体弹性性质控制,应力应变曲线表现为弹性变形,动、静态杨氏模量比小于1.4,破裂发生在石英颗粒内部形成宏观劈裂型破裂模式,样品脆性高,且脆性变化与石英含量呈明显正相关关系.研究结果可为龙马溪页气储层的测井解释和地震"甜点"预测提供依据.  相似文献   

Responding to Global Warming: Mitigation Policies and Actions of Stakeholders in China’s Tourism Industry     

FENG Ling  CHEN Da  GAO Shan  WANG Yongzhi  TANG Chengcai 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(1):94-103

China’s tourism industry has witnessed rapid progress in recent years, and is now an important part of global tourism in dealing with climate change. Within a framework of Pressure-State-Response (PSR), this paper focuses on the emission reduction pressure, carbon emission status, and responses of stakeholders in China’s tourism industry. Findings include: 1) The central government’s strategy and rapid growth of the industry scale exert rising pressure on China’s tourism to reduce carbon emissions. 2) Carbon emissions of China's tourism account for 13%-14.6% of global tourism, and about 3% of China’s emissions overall. Chinese tourists’ per capita carbon emission is lower than half of the global level. 3) The Chinese government attaches great importance to energy-saving and carbon emission reduction. In the tourism industry, documents, standards and other regulative measures have been issued to ensure that business practitioners set up green operational and managerial systems. In the field of tourism transportation, China's high-speed rail, new energy vehicles, and urban shared bicycles, have developed very rapidly in recent years, and they have effectively reduced the carbon emissions in traveling. Furthermore, this paper finds that Chinese tourists already have awareness and willingness for low-carbon tourism.  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic performance of a T-shaped floating breakwater     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The comprehensive utilization of floating breakwaters, specially acting as a supporting structure for offshore marine renewable energy explorations, has received more and more attention recently. Based on linear water-wave theory, the hydrodynamic performance of a T-shaped floating breakwater is semi-analytically investigated through the matched eigenfunction expansion method (MEEM). Auxiliary functions, to speed up the convergence and improve the accuracy in the numerical computations, are introduced to represent the singular behavior of fluid field near the lower salient corners of the structure. The effects of the height and installation position of the vertical screen on the reflection and transmission coefficients, dynamic response and wave forces are examined. It is found that the presence of the screen shifts the resonance frequency of RAO for both surge and pitch modes to the low-frequency area, while has no effect on heave mode. The identical added masses, damping and transmission coefficients can be obtained in the cases where the screen holds the same distance away from the longitudinal central axis of the upper box-type structure. Moreover, a relatively small pitch response can be achieved in a wide wave–frequency range, when the breakwater is Γ-shaped.  相似文献   

山东蒙阴县西峪矿区深部与外围金刚石指示矿物——利用金刚石指示矿物预测金伯利岩的含矿性     

赵秀芳 《地质通报》2019,38(1):121-131

金伯利岩中的石榴子石、铬铁矿和铬透辉石是寻找金刚石矿的重要指示矿物,根据这些指示矿物的含量可大致推断金刚石原生矿的存在及含矿性。石榴子石中G10组指示金伯利岩中金刚石的存在,其含量越高,岩体中金刚石品位相对较富。由西峪G10组含量小于常马G10组含量,可推断西峪金刚石品位小于常马金刚石品位,事实证明推断正确;S1、S2、S6组铬铁矿是与金刚石共生的铬铁矿,西峪矿区62粒S6组和1粒S7组铬铁矿与深源捕虏体橄榄岩有关,几乎全部来自金伯利岩,具有重要指示意义;Cr_2O_3≥1.2%的铬透辉石含量越多,金刚石品位越高。通过统计分析,地表铬透辉石中Cr_2O_3≥1.2%含量略大于岩管深部,西峪矿区深部矿体平均品位略低于地表矿体平均品位,说明可通过铬透辉石定性地推断金伯利岩的含矿性。结合CSAMT和钻探等地质工作,在西峪岩管群深部-205m以下找到金刚石原生矿,在外围通过槽探工程发现红旗15-1岩脉,并在选矿样中选获18颗金刚石,充分证明了根据金刚石指示矿物找矿方法定性预测金伯利岩含矿性的有效性和可行性。  相似文献