排序方式： 共有49条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Jeong-Eun Lee Sung-Hwa Jung Hong-Mok Park Soohyun Kwon Pay-Liam Lin GyuWon Lee 《大气科学进展》2015,32(9):1277-1290
Fall velocity-diameter relationships for four different snowflake types (dendrite, plate, needle, and graupel) were investigated in northeastern South Korea, and a new algorithm for classifying hydrometeors is proposed for distrometric measurements based on the new relationships. Falling ice crystals (approximately 40 000 particles) were measured with a two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD) during a winter experiment from 15 January to 9 April 2010. The fall velocity-diameter relationships were derived for the four types of snowflakes based on manual classification by experts using snow photos and 2DVD measurements: the coefficients (exponents) for different snowflake types were 0.82 (0.24) for dendrite, 0.74 (0.35) for plate, 1.03 (0.71) for needle, and 1.30 (0.94) for graupel, respectively. These new relationships established in the present study (PS) were compared with those from two previous studies. Hydrometeor types were classified with the derived fall velocity-diameter relationships, and the classification algorithm was evaluated using 3× 3 contingency tables for one rain-snow transition event and three snowfall events. The algorithm showed good performance for the transition event: the critical success indices (CSIs) were 0.89, 0.61 and 0.71 for snow, wet-snow and rain, respectively. For snow events, the algorithm performance for dendrite and plate (CSIs = 1.0 and 1.0, respectively) was better than for needle and graupel (CSIs = 0.67 and 0.50, respectively). 相似文献
2.
2019年3月21日一次长生命史超级单体导致浙江省中部多个县(市)降雹,为了研究超级单体得以长时间维持的环境背景及其云物理特征,利用常规资料以及宁波S波段双偏振雷达数据,结合粒子相态识别算法,对此次过程的演变进行了分析。结果表明:高空槽前、850 hPa切变线附近和地面冷锋为超级单体提供了合适的环流背景;风暴传播区域对流有效位能的增加、风暴承载层的平均风向与风暴移动方向相近、风速大、对流风暴沿地面假相当位温梯度大值区向东传播及沿海强垂直风切变,导致中气旋旋转速度和旋转厚度的增加,这些都是对流风暴长时间维持的原因。通过此次降雹单体风暴结构分析发现:整个生命史对流发展非常旺盛,最大反射率维持在60 dBz以上,风暴顶维持在8 km以上,风暴质心高度出现的三次明显波动,对应三次降雹过程。垂直累积液态含水量(VIL)跃增量虽不及传统指标,但结合垂直累积液态含水量密度(VILD)、VIL最大值及最大反射率因子大值区,对冰雹业务预报有指示作用。通过降雹单体双偏振特征分析发现:冰雹下落过程中的翻滚现象,导致差分反射率(Zdr)值接近0 dB,水平和垂直偏振波差异导致三体散射特征(TBSS)根部Zdr大值区的出现;冰雹降落融化产生的外包水膜现象,使其Zdr值增大,相关系数(CC)值减小;通过偏振参数Zdr和CC特征,有助于识别高空大冰雹;超级单体的有界弱回波区(BWER)附近的Zdr柱不仅可指示上升运动,同时对降雹单体不同的成长阶段具有指示作用。 相似文献
3.
Sedimentological constraints on hydrometeor-enhanced particle deposition: 1992 Eruptions of Crater Peak, Alaska 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Water is a dominant component of volcanic clouds and has fundamental control on very fine particle deposition. Particle size characteristics of distal tephra-fall (100s km from source volcano) have a higher proportion of very fine particles compared to predictions based on single particle settling rates. In this study, sedimentological analyses of fallout from for the 18 August and 16–17 September 1992 eruptions of Crater Peak, Alaska, are combined with satellite observations, and cloud trajectory and microphysics modeling to investigate meteorological influences on particle sedimentation. Total grain size distributions of tephra fallout were reconstructed for both Crater Peak eruptions and indicate a predominance of fine particles < 125 μm. Polymodal analysis of the deposits has identified a particle subpopulation with mode ~ 15–18 μm involved in particle aggregation. Accounting for the magmatic water source only, calculated ice water content of the 3.7 hour old September 1992 Spurr cloud was ~ 4.5 × 10− 2 g m− 3 (based on an estimated cloud thickness of ~ 1000 m from trajectory modeling). Hydrometeor formation on particles in the volcanic cloud and subsequent sublimation may induce a cloud base instability that leads to rapid bulk (en masse) sedimentation of very fine particles through a mammatus-like mechanism. 相似文献
4.
Using melting layer(ML)and non-melting layer(NML)data observed with the X-band dual linear polarization Doppler weather radar(X-POL)in Shunyi,Beijing,the reflectivity(ZH),differential reflectivity(ZDR),and correlation coefficient(CC)in the ML and NML are obtained in several stable precipitation processes.The prior probability density distributions(PDDs)of the ZH,ZDR and CC are calculated first,and then the probabilities of ZH,ZDR and CC at each radar gate are determined(PBB in the ML and PNB in the NML)by the Bayesian method.When PBB>PNB the gate belongs to the ML,and when PBBPNB the gate belongs to the ML,and when PBB相似文献
5.
为了进一步印证以往观测反推得到的广东地区雷暴云多偶极性电荷结构的结论,利用加入了起放电参数化方案的WRF模式,模拟了广东在2017年5月8日发生的一次飑线过程,并对这次飑线过程中一个雷暴单体成熟期的电荷结构演变特征进行分析,通过分析动力、云水含量、各水成物粒子混合比及携带电荷情况,讨论了电荷结构的形成及演变机制。结果表明,成熟阶段的单体,电荷结构从三极性逐渐演变为偶极性。这是因为在成熟初期,霰粒子在有效液态水含量适中且温度较高的地方与冰晶/雪花粒子发生了非感应碰撞,因此底部霰粒子携带正电,雷暴云底部形成次正电荷区,电荷结构为三极性。而在成熟后期,由于丰富的云水含量,使冰粒子的凇附过程增强,霰不断增加,冰晶和雪花不断被消耗,温度较暖区域与霰共存的冰晶和雪花急剧减少,使得该区域大小冰粒子的非感应碰撞起电急剧减少,此处霰粒子不能再通过非感应碰撞获得正电荷,底部次正电荷区随之消失,雷暴云的电荷结构转变为偶极性。此结果和以往观测反推得到的结论不同,这表明,对南方雷暴电荷结构还需继续深入认识。 相似文献
6.
In this paper, the quantitative precipitation estimation based on hydrometeor classification (HCA-QPE) algorithm was proposed for the first operational S band dual-polarization radar promoted by the CINRAD/SA radar of China. The HCA-QPE algorithm, the localized Colorado State University-Hydrometeor Identification of Rainfall (CSU-HIDRO) and Joint Polarization Experiment (JPOLE) algorithms, and the dynamic Z-R relationships based on variational correction QPE (DRVC-QPE) algorithm were evaluated with the rainfall events from March 1 to October 30, 2017 in the Guangdong Province. The results indicated that even though the HCA-QPE algorithm did not use the observed rainfall data for correction, its estimation accuracy was better than that of the DRVC-QPE algorithm when the rainfall rate was greater than 5mm h^(-1); and the stronger the rainfall intensity, the greater the QPE improvement. And the HCA-QPE algorithm worked better than the localized CSU-HIDRO and JPOLE algorithms. This study preliminarily verified the improved accuracy of QPE by a dual-polarization radar system modified from CINRAD-SA radar. 相似文献
7.
A new present weather identifier（PWI） based on occlusion and scattering techniques is presented in the study. The present weather parameters are detectable by the meteorological optical range（MOR） approximately up to 50 km and by droplets with diameters ranging from 0.125 mm to 22 mm with velocities up to 16 m s-1. The MOR error is less than 8% for the MOR within 10 km and less than 15% for farther distances. Moreover, the size errors derived from various positions of the light sheet by the particles were checked within ± 0.1 mm ± 5%. The comparison shows that the MOR, in a sudden shower event, is surprisingly consistent with those of the sentry visibility sensors（SVS） with a correlation coefficient up to 98%. For the rain amounts derived from the size and velocity of the droplets, the daily sums by the PWI agree within 10% of those by the Total Rain Weighing Sensor（TRwS205） and the rain gauge. Combined with other sensors such as temperature, humidity, and wind, the PWI can serve as a present weather sensor to distinguish several weather types such as fog, haze, mist, rain, hail, and drizzle. 相似文献
8.
在回转椭球状降水粒子的假设下求出了降水粒子的散射截面，并且考虑了粒子轴线铅垂和随机取向两种重要的典型情况；推导了双极化雷达的回波方程以及降雨量公式。该方程除包含降水粒子的信息外，关于雷达与降水粒子间的几何关系都以雷达天线仰角及雷达与降水粒子间的距离表示，同时还考虑了地球的球面效应和大气折射效应。由于采用了并矢方法，使推导简捷明了 相似文献
9.
A modified hydrometeor classification algorithm(HCA) is developed in this study for Chinese polarimetric radars. This algorithm is based on the U.S. operational HCA. Meanwhile, the methodology of statistics-based optimization is proposed including calibration checking, datasets selection, membership functions modification, computation thresholds modification,and effect verification. Zhuhai radar, the first operational polarimetric radar in South China, applies these procedures. The systematic bias of calibration is corrected, the reliability of radar measurements deteriorates when the signal-to-noise ratio is low, and correlation coefficient within the melting layer is usually lower than that of the U.S. WSR-88D radar. Through modification based on statistical analysis of polarimetric variables, the localized HCA especially for Zhuhai is obtained,and it performs well over a one-month test through comparison with sounding and surface observations. The algorithm is then utilized for analysis of a squall line process on 11 May 2014 and is found to provide reasonable details with respect to horizontal and vertical structures, and the HCA results—especially in the mixed rain–hail region—can reflect the life cycle of the squall line. In addition, the kinematic and microphysical processes of cloud evolution and the differences between radardetected hail and surface observations are also analyzed. The results of this study provide evidence for the improvement of this HCA developed specifically for China. 相似文献
10.
Jingjing Lü Yue ZHOU Zhikang FU Chunsong LU Qin HUANG Jing SUN Yue ZHAO Shengjie NIU 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):725-742
The characteristics of the raindrop size distribution(DSD) during regional freezing rain(FR) events that occur throughout the phase change(from liquid to solid) are poorly understood due to limited observations. We investigate the evolution of microphysical parameters and the key formation mechanisms of regional FR using the DSDs from five disdrometer sites in January 2018 in the Jianghan Plain(JHP) of Central China. FR is identified via the size and velocity distribution measured from a disdrom... 相似文献