基岩倾角对盆地地震响应的影响分析          下载免费PDF全文

卓发成 《地震工程学报》2020,42(4):1035-1042

为了研究盆地基岩倾角对盆地地表动力反应的影响,选取了一个跨度2 km,深度500 m的二维成层盆地为研究对象进行有限元动力反应分析。以持时0.25 s的狄拉克脉冲作为输入地震动,探讨了P波和SV波垂直入射时,盆地基岩倾角从10°\,20°\,30°\,40°依次增加的情况下盆地地震反应。结果表明:入射波在倾斜基岩处发生波型转化,同时产生面波,在盆地中心区域发生汇聚;随着基岩倾角的增加地表中心处的卓越频率有减小的趋势。  相似文献   

基于空间句法理论的城市群核心区发展边界识别     

武凯华  李朝奎  刘俊杰  郝豪杰 《地理研究》2020,39(6):1418-1426

准确识别当前城市群建设进程中核心区发展边界是研究城市群的一项重要内容。本文提出一种研究思路：采用空间句法分析城市群道路网,将得到的4个分析指标融合成新指标——“城市群集群度”,并提取“城市群集群度”等值线和“城市群集群度”曲线,通过计算找到最佳阈值从而提取出城市群核心区发展边界。以长株潭城市群为例,将基于空间句法的研究结果与基于Densi-Graph方法的研究结果进行对比,在除去数据质量因素后,城市群核心区发展边界识别差异有望控制在10%以内。研究表明：基于空间句法理论的城市群核心区发展边界识别方法容易获取计算数据,适用范围广,可靠性强。  相似文献   

基于金矿规格单元数据的机器学习方法在成矿建模分析中的应用     

张野  李明超  韩帅  任秋兵  朱月琴 《大地构造与成矿学》2020,(2):183-191

现代金矿勘察主要是通过综合地球化学和地质测量等数字化方法对深部矿床进行研究,所需要的人力物力成本较高。而通过分析积累的金矿规格单元数据,可以建立金矿成矿情况与相关成矿元素含量之间的非线性关系,从已有的勘查数据中寻找金矿成矿的一般规律。本文基于与金矿相关的成矿元素含量数据,分别采用逻辑斯蒂回归、随机森林和决策树方法对原始数据和重采样数据进行训练,综合运用召回率、精确率和准确率对模型进行评价。通过对比发现,在训练和测试原始数据过程中,由于每组之间数据量的巨大差距,导致成矿数据被淹没;而在训练重采样数据过程中,随机森林在召回率和准确率方面均有较好的表现,分别达到了90.63%和70.78%;并最终分析了随机森林模型中不同分类边界对于金矿成矿情况预测结果的影响。利用不同的测量指标对模型进行评价分析,使模型更适用于金矿成矿预测,可有效地提高金矿勘察的效率。  相似文献   

Effect of wave nonlinearity on fatigue damage and extreme responses of a semi-submersible floating wind turbine     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

Floating wind turbine has been the highlight in offshore wind industry lately. There has been great effort on developing highly sophisticated numerical model to better understand its hydrodynamic behaviour. A engineering-practical method to study the nonlinear wave effects on floating wind turbine has been recently developed. Based on the method established, the focus of this paper is to quantify the wave nonlinearity effect due to nonlinear wave kinematics by comparing the structural responses of floating wind turbine when exposed to irregular linear Airy wave and fully nonlinear wave. Critical responses and fatigue damage are studied in operational conditions and short-term extreme values are predicted in extreme conditions respectively. In the operational condition, wind effects are dominating the mean value and standard deviation of most responses except floater heave motion. The fatigue damage at the tower base is dominated by wind effects. The fatigue damage for the mooring line is more influenced by wind effects for conditions with small wave and wave effects for conditions with large wave. The wave nonlinearity effect becomes significant for surge and mooring line tension for large waves while floater heave, pitch motion, tower base bending moment and pontoon axial force are less sensitive to the nonlinear wave effect. In the extreme condition, linear wave theory underestimates wave elevation, floater surge motion and mooring line tension compared with fully nonlinear wave theory while quite close results are predicted for other responses.  相似文献   

胶莱盆地在南黄海的延伸:来自OBS深地震探测的新证据     

祁江豪  吴志强  张训华  侯方辉 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(1):106-114

为了识别胶莱盆地海阳凹陷在南黄海地区的东部延伸边界，利用穿越南黄海的OBS2013-SYS深地震测线开展2D速度结构模拟，在测线NW方向位于千里岩隆起带的OBS（海底地震仪）站位均观察到了折合走时突然增加的现象。速度结构模型显示胶莱盆地东侧海阳凹陷附近海域存在明显的低速沉积层增厚现象，模型自OBS06站位向NW方向，沉积层厚度由小于1.0 km显著增厚至2.5 km左右，推测该处为胶莱盆地海阳凹陷的东部边界断裂。结合前人在海阳凹陷识别出的控盆断裂进行分析，厘定了海阳凹陷在海区大体的构造边界和沉积中心，认为胶莱盆地东部控盆断裂可能延伸至连云港-石岛断裂一线，与嘉山-响水-千里岩断裂构成千里岩隆起带南北边界断裂带的一部分。海阳凹陷沉降中心可能位于南黄海海区连云港-石岛断裂北侧海阳凹陷的NE方向，发育的厚层白垩系可能存在较好的油气前景。  相似文献   

基于新型高频声学多普勒流速剖面仪的河口近底部边界层观测初探     

兰庭飞  吴昊  唐杰平  李占海  汪亚平 《海洋通报》2019,38(6):640-649

河口物质输运、能量交换与底边界层内的水动力过程密切相关,底边界层参数(如切应力、拖曳系数)的确定至关重要。挪威Nortek公司生产的新型声学多普勒流速剖面仪AD2CP相比传统ADCP具有高频、低噪的优点,可用于高频(16Hz)流速剖面观测,而被广泛应用于底边界层观测的ADV只能测量单点高频流速。本文采用AD2CP在长江口南槽最大浑浊带区域进行座底式观测,并与同步近底部三脚架上ADV的观测结果进行对比。结果表明,使用AD2CP测得的近底部平均流速与ADV的测量结果吻合良好;使用惯性耗散法计算了底切应力,基于ADV的单点高频流速数据计算结果为2.16×10~(-2)～5.69×10~(-1)N/m~2,基于AD2CP的结果为2.09×10~(-2)～4.26×10~(-1)N/m~2,二者范围大致相当。在此基础上,基于AD2CP数据计算出摩阻流速为4.55×10~(-3)～2.06×10~(-2)m/s、底拖曳系数范围为1.84×10~(-4)～2.49×10~(-3),与ADV的计算结果基本一致。此外,由于AD2CP可以获得高频的流速剖面数据,优于单点ADV,具备观测近底部边界层参数和边界层内湍流剖面的潜力。  相似文献   

周期性的或伴有贯穿流的西边界流跨隙流动的迟滞变异过程     

宋新新  袁东亮  王铮 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(4):90-96

使用1.5层准地转约化重力模式研究了周期性的或伴有贯穿流的西边界流跨隙流动的迟滞变异过程。当西边界流变化的周期比罗斯贝波在缺口处调整的时间尺度大得多时，在雷诺数增加和减少过程的霍夫分叉点都发生延迟，从而产生新的雷诺数迟滞区间；并且西边界流流态转变的临界值变化显著；且周期强迫越短，雷诺数迟滞区间越大。当西边界流变化的周期与罗斯贝波在缺口处调整的时间尺度相当时，西边界流在缺口的流态呈无迟滞的周期性变化，且西边界流入侵西海盆的程度随周期减少而变小。此外，当贯穿流的流量大于西边界流的一半时，会显著影响西边界流在缺口处的迟滞变异过程；西边界流向西入侵程度和流态转变发生的临界雷诺值均发生变化，且贯穿流流量越大变化越大。  相似文献   

Seismic reliability assessment and the nonergodicity in the modelling parameter uncertainties     

Fatemeh Jalayer  Hossein Ebrahimian 《地震工程与结构动力学》2020,49(5):434-457

Modelling uncertainty can significantly affect the structural seismic reliability assessment. However, the limit state excursion due to this type of uncertainty may not be described by a Poisson process as it lacks renewal properties with the occurrence of each earthquake event. Furthermore, considering uncertainties related to ground motion representation by employing recorded ground motions together with modelling uncertainties is not a trivial task. Robust fragility assessment, proposed previously by the authors, employs the structural response to recorded ground motion as data in order to update prescribed seismic fragility models. Robust fragility can be extremely efficient for considering also the structural modelling uncertainties by creating a dataset of one-to-one assignments of structural model realizations and as-recorded ground motions. This can reduce the computational effort by more than 1 order of magnitude. However, it should be kept in mind that the fragility concept itself is based on the underlying assumption of Poisson-type renewal. Using the concept of updated robust reliability, considering both the uncertainty in ground motion representation based on as-recorded ground motion and non ergodic modelling uncertainties, the error introduced through structural reliability assessment by using the robust fragility is quantified. It is shown through specific application to an existing RC frame that this error is quite small when the product of the time interval and the standard deviation of failure rate is small and is on the conservative side.  相似文献   

Stormflow threshold behaviour in a subtropical mountainous headwater catchment during forest recovery period     

Lezhang Wei  Zhijun Qiu  Guangyi Zhou  Tsuyoshi Kinouchi  Yu Liu 《水文研究》2020,34(8):1728-1740

Forest ecohydrological feedbacks complicate the threshold behaviour of stormflow response to precipitation or wetting conditions on a long-term scale (e.g. several years). In this study, the threshold behaviours in an evergreen-deciduous mixed forested headwater catchment in southern China were examined during 2009–2015, when damaged vegetation was recovering after the great 2008 Chinese ice and snowstorm. The non-uniqueness of the thresholds and the slow and rapid responses of stormflow at the outlet of the catchment in different hydro-climate datasets with different maximum values of gross precipitation (P) and sums of precipitation and antecedent soil moisture index (P + ASI) were assessed. The thresholds of P and P + ASI required to trigger stormflows (i.e. ‘generation thresholds’) and the transition from slow to rapid responses of stormflow (i.e. ‘rise thresholds’) were compared both seasonally and annually. The results indicated significant differences in the analysed datasets, highlighting the need to compare thresholds with care to avoid misinterpretation. Seasonal variations in threshold behaviours in the catchment suggested that vegetation canopy interception contributed to higher rise thresholds, and wetter conditions resulted in higher runoff sensitivity to precipitation during the growing and rainy seasons. Furthermore, the generation thresholds were higher in the dormant season, possibly due to drier soil moisture conditions in the near-channel areas. During the vegetation recovery period, the annual generation thresholds increased, however the rise thresholds did not exhibit a similar trend. The rapid stormflow response above the threshold decreased, possibly due to transpiration and interception of the recovered vegetation. However, the slow stormflow response to small rainfall events below the thresholds was higher in wetter years but lower in drier years, suggesting that the total water input dominated the stormflow response during small rainfall events. In conclusion, the seasonal and annual variations in threshold behaviours highlight that vegetation recovery and hydro-climatic conditions had a notable impact on the stormflow response.  相似文献   

中蒙边界地区汇水域沉积物69种元素的背景值     

刘汉粮  聂兰仕  SHOJIN Davaa  王学求  迟清华 《地学前缘》2020,27(3):202-221

中蒙边界地区成矿地质条件优越,是世界上重要的金属成矿省和全球3大斑岩型铜(金、钼)成矿带之一,资源潜力巨大。中蒙合作1∶100万地球化学填图采集了海量的地球化学数据,为研究该地区元素分散富集、成矿趋势、资源评价和环境变化提供基础数据,为“一带一路”资源布局提供决策依据。以X±3S为临界值一次性剔除离群值后的数据集的中位值作为背景值的估计值,计算了中蒙边界地区12个Ⅱ级构造单元和5个Ⅱ级成矿省的汇水域沉积物69种元素背景值,探讨了中蒙边界地区汇水域沉积物69种元素背景值的区域分布规律和特征。研究表明不同的地质背景导致元素的地球化学分布模式不同,不同构造单元具有显著差异的元素地球化学特征,元素的海量聚集为大型矿床的形成提供了充足的元素供给,形成特定的地球化学省。这些背景值为进一步深入开发利用中蒙边界地球化学填图数据提供了可供对比的基础数据。  相似文献