Conversion relationship of rainfall-soil moisture-groundwater in Quaternary thick cohesive soil in Jianghan Plain,Hubei Province,China     

《China Geology》2020,3(3):462-472

The scientific field test site of rainfall-soil moisture-groundwater conversion in Dabie Mountain Area–Jianghan Plain is located in the northern region of the Jianghan Plain, the transition zone between the Dabie Mountain Area and Jianghan Plain. It’s a great field test site to study the material and energy exchange among rainfall, soil moisture, and groundwater of the Earth ’s critical zone in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas. This paper analyzed the connection between rainfall and volume water content (VWC) of soil at different depths of several soil profiles, and the dynamic feature of groundwater was discussed, which reveals the rainfall infiltration recharge of Quaternary Upper Pleistocene strata. The results show that the Quaternary Upper Pleistocene aquifer groundwater accepts a little direct rainfall recharge, while the lateral recharge is the main supplement source. There were 75 effective rainfall events among 120 rainfall events during the monitoring period, with an accumulated amount of 672.9 mm, and the percentages of effective rainfall amount and duration time were 62.50% and 91.56%, respectively. The max evaporation depth at the upper part in Quaternary cohesive soil was no less than 1.4 m. The soil profile was divided into four zones: (1) The sensitive zone of rainfall infiltration within 1.4 m, where the material and energy exchange frequently near the interface between atmosphere and soil; (2) the buffer zone of rainfall infiltration between 1.4 m and 3.5 m; (3) the migration zone of rainfall infiltration between 3.5 m and 5.0 m; and (4) the rainfall infiltration and groundwater level co-influenced zone below 5.0 m. The results revealed the reaction of soil moisture and groundwater to rainfall in the area covered by cohesive soil under humid climate in Earth ’s critical zone, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for groundwater resources evaluation and development, groundwater environmental protection, ecological environmental improvement, drought disaster prevention, and flood disaster prevention in subtropical monsoon climate plain areas.  相似文献   

基于噪声谱比法的内蒙古西部地区台站场地响应研究     

张珂  王鑫  王树波  张红才  宋晓燕 《大地测量与地球动力学》2020,40(6):646-651

利用内蒙古西部12个台站的地脉动噪声数据，采用噪声谱比法研究台站的场地响应情况。分析表明，台站场地响应按曲线形态可分为3类，且可能受地形地貌、局部构造和台基状况等条件影响。对比分析噪声谱比法与Moya方法的场地响应结果发现，场地响应曲线形态基本一致，只有极少数台站存在明显差异。结果表明，内蒙古西部区域大部分台站的台基状况总体较好，场地响应曲线较为平坦，无明显频率放大点。  相似文献   

不同结构林带防风效能风洞模拟     

李晓烨  王克俭  谷建才  刘启国  崔严 《中国沙漠》2019,39(6):118-125

防风林带结构是影响防风效能的主要因素。建立不同宽度、不同株行距林带防风效能与林带后距离之间的统计模型，可以为防风林建设提供指导性意见。通过风洞实验，在11 m·s^-1风速下，对4种宽度、5种株行距林带的背风面0~10H（H为林带高度）的风速进行测定，采用曲线参数估计法、傅立叶模型、SSF模型（Sum of Sin Functions），构建了不同结构林带防风效能与林带后距离间的统计模型。结果表明：傅立叶模型拟合不同宽度林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优，可决系数（R²）均在98%以上；SSF模型拟合不同株行距林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优（R²>0.98）。根据构建的统计模型，风速为11 m·s^-1左右时，林带宽度8 m（两行一带）的防风林的防风效能存在明显优势；5种株行距的林带中，株行距为8 m×8 m的防风林带本试验条件下防风效果最好。  相似文献   

湍流度随高度的变化及其对城市宏观地形的依赖     

李大全  孙武  欧阳睿康  黄盛  高梦媛  李庆祥  黄启明 《热带地理》2019,39(3):365-376

分别构建广州主建成区垂直比例尺为1﹕2 000、1﹕1 000和1﹕500的3个建筑物模型，利用大型边界层风洞，在西北和东南两风向下，基于中性流模拟分析了复杂城市地形下湍流度随高度的变化及其对宏观地形的依赖。结果表明：风廓线指数α与不同高度的湍流度之间的关系密切，利用现有模型，根据4类粗糙度边界层和不同垂直比例尺，可确定相应的湍流度随高度变化模型的主要系数，预测精度高。城市地形下最大湍流度面发育在0~0.2 h之间狭窄的范围内。用湍流度形态指数β来表征湍流度随高度的变化，无论城市屋脊还是平坦地形，随着风程区的延伸，廓线的指数α升高，湍流度形态指数β降低。表明同一高度湍流度值具有由迎风区、丘顶区向背风区增高，沿风程逐渐增大的规律，对地形部位和风程的依赖性强，与来流翻越简单地形时的特征一致。  相似文献   

2015年台风“彩虹”过境后下山冷急流引起的南海北部海域异常海面降温   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

石雨鑫  谢玲玲  郑全安  张书文  李明明  李君益 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(5):62-75

This study deals with a unusual cooling event after Typhoon Mujigea passed over the northern South China Sea(SCS) in October 2015. We analyze the satellite sea surface temperature(SST) time series from October 3 to 18,2015 and find that the cooling process in the coastal ocean had two different stages. The first stage occurred immediately after typhoon passage on October 3, and reached a maximum SST drop of –2℃ on October 7 as the usual cold wake after typhoon. The second stage or the unusual extended cooling event occurred after 7d of the typhoon passage, and lasted for 5d from October 10 to 15. The maximum SST cooling was –4℃ and occurred after 12d of typhoon passage. The mechanism analysis results indicate that after landing and moving northwestward to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(YGP), Typhoon Mujigea(2015) met the westerly wind front on October 5. The lowpressure and positive-vorticity disturbances to the front triggered meridional air flow and low-pressure trough,thus induced a katabatic cold jet downward from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) passing through the YGP to the northwestern SCS. The second cooling reached the maximum SST drop 4d later after the maximum air temperature drop of –9℃ on October 11. The simultaneous air temperature and SST observations at three coastal stations reveal that it is this katabatic cold jet intrusion to lead the unusual SST cooling event.  相似文献   

多能互补海洋能集成发电技术研究综述     

王世明  李泽宇  于涛  马晨倍 《海洋通报》2019,38(3)

介绍了国内外基于风能、太阳能、波浪能和潮流能等海上可再生能源进行多能互补集成发电的研究发展情况,从不同技术研究侧重点、不同装置机理差异性和多能互补集成发电方式等方面进行了概括和综述,对已有设备和理论研究等进行了对比,评述了目前海洋多能互补集成发电技术研究中存在的主要问题以及未来的研究发展趋势,指出未来海洋能源集成发电需在离岸化、新材料、大型化和阵列布局等方面进行技术研究和攻关。  相似文献   

风和径流量对长江口缺氧影响的数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郑静静  刘桂梅  高姗  李云  李志杰 《海洋学报》2018,40(9):1-17

受自然和人类活动的影响，海洋缺氧现象日益严重，威胁着海洋生态环境，海洋缺氧问题已经引起了人们的广泛关注。本文应用区域海洋模式并耦合生态模式，对东海的生态系统进行了数值模拟和分析研究。与观测数据比较显示，该模型能较好地模拟长江口外生态变量的分布趋势。另外本文通过设置不同敏感性实验，探讨风和径流量对长江口底层缺氧现象的影响，结果分析表明，风和径流量对长江口外缺氧区的形成有显著的影响。径流量变化虽然对长江口外缺氧区的季节变化影响并不显著，但是对缺氧区域面积却存在显著的影响。径流量增加，水体层化增强，表层叶绿素浓度增加，最终导致缺氧区域范围扩展；径流量减小，水体层化减弱，表层叶绿素浓度减小，缺氧区域范围缩小。风向和风速的改变不仅影响长江口外缺氧区的季节变化，还影响缺氧区域面积。  相似文献   

基于ARIO模型的震后重建施工现场安全管理方法          下载免费PDF全文

顾连胜 《地震工程学报》2018,40(6):1350-1355

为提高受灾地区重建安全性，提出基于ARIO模型的震后重建施工现场安全管理方法。在将建筑设计影响因素划分为直接因素与间接因素的基础上，将ARIO模型引入震后重建施工现场安全管理中，利用其分析施工过程中各产业技术与该地区经济的联系，在考虑经济因素的基础上实现震后施工现场安全管理。设计并构建施工初期数据采集系统、施工前安全管理系统、施工过程中安全管理系统，将ARIO与VR结合，使各系统运行时施工人员能够在虚拟漫游中以第一视角完成虚拟施工，掌握整个工期、流程、所用设备等有关信息，并由辅助专家作出相应指导，实现震后重建施工现场安全系统化管理。提出施工安全辅助建议，以完善灾后重建安全管理方法。实验结果表明，该方法运行后安全系数大于当前方法，其科学性和鲁棒性较强。  相似文献   

基于MISR多角度光学遥感影像的海面风速估算实验          下载免费PDF全文

王艺霖  王晓林  张华国 《海洋学研究》2018,36(2):19-26

太阳耀光是来自粗糙海面的直接太阳反射光,其强度与海面粗糙度密切相关,而海面粗糙度主要受海面风场影响。因此,包含太阳耀光信息的光学遥感影像在海洋动力过程和海面风速探测中具有积极意义。本文利用2016年2月到2017年3月期间成像的25幅Terra卫星MISR(Multi-angle Imaging Spectro Radiometer)传感器的多角度遥感影像,分别提取了太阳的高度角和方位角、正视和后视影像的卫星观测角、方位角等信息,校正获得正视和后视影像的太阳耀光辐射强度,进一步反演海表面粗糙度信息,进而计算海面风速。最后利用ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts)的模式风速数据与反演获得的风速结果进行对比验证。结果表明,两者的相关系数较高(R=0.745),均方根误差和平均绝对偏差值分别为1.514 m·s^-1和1.319 m·s^-1。初步实验结果表明,利用MISR多角度光学遥感影像估算海表面风速是可行性的。  相似文献   

In situ measurements of wind‐driven salt fluxes through constructed channels in a coastal wetland ecosystem          下载免费PDF全文

Alex K. Manda  Enrique Reyes  James M. Pitt 《水文研究》2018,32(5):636-643

A suite of instruments was deployed in a coastal wetland ecosystem in the Albemarle estuarine system, North Carolina (USA), to characterize wind‐driven transport of saltwater through a constructed (man‐made) channel. Flow velocity, electrical conductivity, and stage were measured in a representative channel over a 2‐month period from May to July 2014, during which 4 wind tides were observed. Collected data show that thousands of metric tons of salt were advected through the channel into coastal wetlands during each event, which lasted up to 4 days. The results reveal that as much as 36% of advected salts accumulated in the wetlands, suggesting that the cumulative effects of these events on the health of coastal wetlands in the Albemarle system may be substantial due to the abundance of constructed channels and the frequency of wind‐driven tidal events. This study is the first to quantify wind‐driven salt fluxes through constructed channels in coastal wetland settings.  相似文献