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On March 11, 2011, a MW9.0 earthquake occurred in the Japan Trench, causing tremendous casualties, and attracting extensive concern. Based on the results of related research, this paper analyzes the observations, phenomena and understandings of the earthquake from varied aspects, and obtains four main conclusions. (1) The earthquake, occurring in the subduction zone in the Japan Trench located in the northwest boundary of the pacific plate has two zones of concentrated coseismic slip at different depths, and the slip in the deep zone is relatively small. Though there have been many M7.0 historical earthquakes, slips in the shallow zone are large, but there have been few historical strong earthquakes. (2) Constrained by GPS data, the study of fault movement shows that fault movement in the Japan Trench has a background of widely distributed stability and locking (the locking zone is equivalent that of coseismic rupture zone). Perturbation occurred after the 2008 M8.0 Hokkaido earthquake, several M7.0 events had after slips larger than the coseismic slip, and two obvious slow slip events were recorded in 2008 and 2011. Eventually, the March 9, 2011 M7.0 foreshock and the March 11, 2011 MW9.0 mainshock occurred. The pre-earthquake changing of the fault movement in the Japan Trench is quite clear. (3) Traditional precursory observation show no obvious anomaly, possibly due to monitoring reason. Anomaly before earthquake consists of high stress state in focal zone reflected by some seismic activity parameters, short period anomaly in regional ground motion, etc. (4) The analysis of physical property in focal zone aroused more scientific issues, for example, is there obvious difference between physical property in focal zone and its vicinity? Does frictional property of fault determine seismogenic ability and rupture process? Whether pre-earthquake fault movement include pre-slips? Could deep fluid affect fault movement in focal zone? Experience is the best teacher, and authors hope this paper could be a modest spur to induce others in basic research in earthquake forecast and prediction. 相似文献
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基于强震目录，讨论了全球、中国大陆西部及周边“大三角地区”和中国大陆地区强震活动时序特征。依据8级地震分段活动特征分析认为，20世纪60年代前后全球特大地震活动状态存在显著差异；利用最优分割统计分析认为，自1800年以来“大三角地区”经历了持续时间为100余年的8级地震活动过程；进一步分析认为全球和“大三角”地区强震活动可能具有至少百年尺度的地震“周期”，而且具有一定的准同步性。中国大陆地区MS≥7.0浅源地震活动明显受控于“大三角”地区和全球更大空间尺度的地震活动，地震活动时序上表现为十几年和近百年不同时间层次上的活动特征。 相似文献
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作为地震学的基本问题,地震发生过程中震源附近流体、热与能量的分配问题一直是地震学家关注的前沿课题.目前,越来越多的研究表明震源附近存在流体,且流体在地震的孕育、发生过程中起重要作用,但对深部流体的来源尚存较大争议.对于震源区的热问题,自应力热流佯谬提出以来,不同的模型被用于解释热流佯谬相关问题,其中动态弱化被认为可能是解决热流佯谬的关键.摩擦产生的热能与能量分配问题直接相关,大地震发生后,立即进行深钻现场测量对认识地震发生过程中震源附近的流体、摩擦热能及能量分配问题具有时效性和重要现实意义.本文回顾了国际上有关震源附近流体、热及能量分配问题的最新研究进展,这些问题的研究将对认识地震的孕育和发生过程带来重要启示. 相似文献
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As the basic problems in seismology, fluid, heat and energy distribution near earthquake sources during earthquake generation have been the leading subjects of concern to seismologists. Currently, more and more research shows fluid around earthquake source areas, which plays an important role in the process of earthquake preparation and generation. However, there is considerable controversy over the source of fluid in the deep crust. As for the problem of heat around earthquake source areas, different models have been proposed to explain the stress heat flow paradox. Among them, the dynamic weakening model has been thought to be the key to solving the heat flow paradox issue. After large earthquakes, energy distribution is directly related to friction heat. It is of timely and important practical significance to immediately implement deep drilling in-site surveying to gain understanding of fluid, friction heat and energy distribution during earthquake generation. The latest international progress in fluid, heat and energy distribution research has been reviewed in this paper which will bring important inspiration for the understanding of earthquake preparation and occurrence. 相似文献
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通过研究近场强震动记录, 发现汶川Ms8.0地震近场峰值加速度在空间上存在较明显的上盘效应和方向性效应, 与汶川引起的地质灾害空间分布具有较好的一致性.但在所有强震仪所记录的汶川Ms8.0地震同震加速度记录积分所得地壳同震速度中, 有的台站数据存在典型的线性偏移, 有的台站数据除线性偏移外还存在明显的非线性偏移.采用非线性基线改正方法处理汶川Ms8.0强震同震记录, 改正后所得同震位移明显要比线性基线改正更合乎实际情况.以强震动、GPS和InSAR同震位移处理结果做约束, 反演了汶川Ms8.0地震同震位错分布, 对于汶川Ms8.0地震主要同震破裂断裂(北川-映秀断裂), 强震动反演结果不仅较好地刻画了汶川Ms8.0地震同震主断裂上地表破裂空间分布详细变化特征, 同时也较好地反映北端破裂衰减情况, 该结果表明: 强震动资料可以为强震后的救援和灾害评估等工作提供具有参考价值的研究结果; 另一方面, 受数据数量的制约, 用强震动改正后位移反演所得位错分布中仅汉旺断裂南段存在较为明显位错, 强震仪布设时应更多地考虑是否相对均匀地分布在具有发震潜势的断裂周缘, 以期更好地在震后应急救灾中发挥更好的作用. 相似文献
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2022年1月8日青海省海北藏族自治州门源回族自治县发生MS6.9地震。门源地震序列的重定位结果认为门源地区还存在一定的应力积累，未来该地区具有发生强震的可能。本文结合震源区地形数据、三维速度结构，根据门源地震震源破裂过程的初步结果，采用曲线网格有限差分方法模拟了门源地震的波场传播过程，得到烈度分布。结果表明:沿平行断层走向方向的地震动衰减明显小于垂直断层走向方向；门源地震的最大烈度为Ⅷ度，位于震源破裂起始点附近区域，理论烈度与野外调查的地震烈度分布基本一致；受强地面运动方向性效应和起伏地表的影响，地震灾害主要沿发震断层的WNW方向和ESE方向集中分布。 相似文献