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光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)是广泛分布在我国黑龙江至闽江水系的一种中小型经济鱼类。为了解黄河水系光泽黄颡鱼群体遗传变异规律,本研究采用线粒体DNA控制区高变区序列对采自黄河水系光泽黄颡鱼样品进行分析。研究显示:光泽黄颡鱼3个群体的单倍型多样度为0.682 8±0.043 7~0.753 6±0.056 2,核苷酸多样度为0.002 5±0.001 9~0.003 4±0.002 4,整体上呈中等程度的遗传多样性水平。以长须黄颡鱼的3个单倍型为外群,构建了光泽黄颡鱼5个单倍型的邻接关系树,结果显示2种黄颡鱼分别聚为2个分支,2个分支间的净遗传距离为0.109。3个群体间的遗传分化指数FST值为-0.030 2~0.003 8,且统计检验的结果均不显著,表现出较小的遗传分化。动态历史分析结果表明,光泽黄颡鱼表现出经历过近期的瓶颈效应事件。研究结果提示,黄河流域的光泽黄颡鱼在遗传管理上应作为一个管理单元进行管理,中等的遗传多样度及近期有效种群数量的瓶颈效应则提示我们应加大对黄河流域光泽黄颡鱼的保护。 相似文献
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Tidal marshes are an important habitat and nursery area for fish. In the past few decades, rapid economic development in the coastal areas of China has led to the interruption and destruction of an increasing number of tidal marshes. The growing interest in tidal marsh restoration has increased the need to understand the relationship between geomorphological features and fish assemblages in the design of marsh restoration projects. We studied temporal variations in, and the effects of creek geomorphological features on, the estuarine tidal creek fish community. Using modified channel nets, we sampled fish monthly from March 2007 to February 2008 from seven tidal creeks along an intertidal channel system in Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve. Fourteen creek geomorphological variables were measured or derived to characterize intertidal creek geomorphological features. The Gobiidae, with 10 species, was the most species- rich family. The most abundant fish species were Liza affinis, Chelon haematocheilus, and Lateolabrax maculatus. The fish community was dominated by juvenile marine transients, which comprised about 80% of the total catch. The highest abundance offish occurred in June and July, and the highest biomass occurred in December. Canonical redundancy analyses demonstrated that depth, steepness, cross-sectional area, and volume significantly affected the fish species assemblage. L. affinis favored small creeks with high elevations. Synechogobius ommaturus, Acanthogobius luridus, and Carassius auratus preferred deep, steep creeks with a large cross-sectional area and volume. These findings indicate that the geomorphological features of tidal creeks should be considered in the conservation and sustainable management of fish species and in the restoration of salt marshes. 相似文献
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沉水植物是维持浅水湖泊清水稳态以及湖泊生态系统结构与功能的关键生物类群.近年来,气候变化和人类活动的双重作用造成湖泊水文情势的明显改变,对沉水植物的生长、繁殖和演替有着较大的影响.本文选取2个水位波动幅度与2个波动频率(逐渐改变水位),以恒定水位作为对照,研究湿地中具有重要生态功能的沉水植物刺苦草(Vallisneria spinulosa)的生物量及地上和地下营养器官形态结构对水位波动的响应.结果表明,相对于恒定水位,波动水位(低幅度低频率、低幅度高频率、高幅度低频率、高幅度高频率)对刺苦草的总生物量和获取限制资源相关器官有显著影响.相比于对照组,水位波动能够显著降低刺苦草分株数、叶片数、根数、根长、匍匐茎数、总匍匐茎长以及叶、根、地上和地下生物量,但会显著增加其株高和比叶面积.不同波动频率(低频率和高频率)和幅度(低幅度和高幅度)对光合器官的形态特征都没有显著影响,但叶和地上部分的生物量积累均受到波动幅度的显著影响.水位波动幅度显著改变了刺苦草的根数和根长,而波动频率的影响不显著.因此,对浅水湖泊受损刺苦草群落进行重建时,应避免较大幅度的水位波动,从而有利于增强植株快速恢复的能力. 相似文献
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