排序方式： 共有37条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2010年7月21日,寇河流域松树水文站发生了建站以来的第二大洪水,比1994年的大洪水的水位只低1cm。1994年的洪峰流量的测验是用比降面积法,2010年的洪峰流量的测验是用水面浮标法。为了掌握这两次洪水测验过程的合理性,文章通过径流系数法和t检验法对7·21大洪水进行了分析,通过分析得出了合理的结论,认为测验精度较高,完全满足了抗洪抢险的需要,资料精度达到了国家整编规范的要求。 相似文献
2.
Impacts of Climatic Factors on Runoff Coefficients in Source Regions of the Huanghe River 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
CHEN Liqun LIU Changming LI Yanping WANG Guoqiang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2007,17(1):047-055
Runoff coefficients of the source regions of the Huanghe River in 1956–2000 were analyzed in this paper. In the 1990s runoff of Tangnaihai Hydrologic Station of the Huanghe River experienced a serious decrease, which had at- tracted considerable attention. Climate changes have important impact on the water resources availability. From the view of water cycling, runoff coefficients are important indexes of water resources in a particular catchment. Kalinin baseflow separation technique was improved based on the characteristics of precipitation and streamflow. After the separation of runoff coefficient (R/P), baseflow coefficient (Br/P) and direct runoff coefficient (Dr/P) were estimated. Statistic analyses were applied to assessing the impact of precipitation and temperature on runoff coefficients (including Dr/P, Br/P and R/P). The results show that in the source regions of the Huanghe River, mean annual baseflow coefficient was higher than mean annual direct runoff coefficient. Annual runoff coefficients were in direct proportion to annual pre- cipitation and in inverse proportion to annual mean temperature. The decrease of runoff coefficients in the 1990s was closely related to the decrease in precipitation and increase in temperature in the same period. Over different sub-basins of the source regions of the Huanghe River, runoff coefficients responded differently to precipitation and temperature. In the area above Jimai Hydrologic Station where annual mean temperature is –3.9oC, temperature is the main factor in- fluencing the runoff coefficients. Runoff coefficients were in inverse relation to temperature, and precipitation had nearly no impact on runoff coefficients. In subbasin between Jimai and Maqu Hydrologic Station Dr/P was mainly affected by precipitation while R/P and Br/P were both significantly influenced by precipitation and temperature. In the area be-tween Maqu and Tangnaihai hydrologic stations all the three runoff coefficients increased with the rising of annual precipitation, while direct runoff coefficient was inversely proportional to temperature. In the source regions of the Huanghe River with the increase of average annual temperature, the impacts of temperature on runoff coefficients be-come insignificant. 相似文献
3.
4.
采用室内人工模拟降雨方法,研究了陕北风沙区含砾石工程堆积体边坡的产流产沙过程。结果表明:①砾石存在改变了坡面入渗速率,径流系数受入渗速率的影响,随砾石含量的增加先线性递减后线性递增,并在10%砾石含量处存在阈值;径流系数随降雨强度的增加线性递增。②含砾石堆积体坡面流速较纯土堆积体降低,且随雨强增大,砾石延缓径流流动的作用越显著;雨强对径流流速的影响随砾石含量增加持续减弱。③土壤剥蚀率在产流24~33 min后显著增加,砾石主要对显著增加后的平均剥蚀率产生影响。④雨强1.0 mm/min时,砾石存在促进降雨侵蚀,产沙量增大;雨强大于1.0 mm/min时,砾石具有显著的减沙效应。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
唐山地区干旱演变特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究区地处干旱和湿润气候的过渡地带,这一地区导致干旱发生的直接原因是干旱的气候和水资源的短缺,主要就是降水量的偏少.从简单实用角度考虑,本文根据唐山地区1956～2005年的水文和气象资料,采用降水距平、径流系数、她表湿润度指数等指标对唐山地区的干旱演变趋势进行分析,揭示出该地区近50年的干旱演变特征. 相似文献
8.
黄土高原地区淤地坝分布密集,对天然产汇流过程扰动较大,给径流还原或水资源评价带来了极大的影响。因此,研究淤地坝影响下的径流还原计算方法对区域水资源评价或径流设计有重要意义。以黑木头川流域为研究对象,分别采用还原系数法和径流系数法计算了殿市水文站控制产汇流区的淤地坝逐年拦蓄水量,并将两种方法的结果进行对比,论证了还原系数法的适用性。还原系数法的计算结果表明:1971~2007年殿市水文站产流区内的淤地坝平均年拦蓄水量为86.21×104m3,与径流系数法计算所得到的拦蓄水量基本一致,相对误差仅为1.36%。同时,研究发现单位控制面积分摊后的拦蓄水量在年际变化上并不显著,基本维持在某一区间内。研究结果表明还原系数法不仅可用于洪水还原,也可较为准确地计算淤地坝影响区的淤地坝拦蓄变量。作为河川径流还原计算方法或淤地坝影响的黄土高原地区水资源评价研究的计算方法之一,可与径流系数法进行交叉验证,进而获得比较准确的淤地坝拦蓄水量。且由于淤地坝年拦水量空间分摊后,单位控制面积的拦水量基本稳定,故在淤地坝上游无明显人类活动的情况下,可据此初估已知或近似区域淤地坝控制流域面积条件下的淤地坝年拦蓄水量,为黄土高原地区今后开展水资源评价和径流预报提供一条简单的途径。 相似文献
9.
山区土地利用/覆被变化对土壤侵蚀的影响 总被引：36，自引：6，他引：36
本文以福建省山区为例,在对福建省水土保持实验站、建瓯市牛坑龙水土保持试验站长期观测、实验资料深入分析对比的基础之上,探讨了土地利用/土地覆被变化对土壤侵蚀的影响规律。分析结果表明,土地利用/土地覆被变化对径流的产生和土壤侵蚀有重要影响,植被的覆盖度的变化直接影响着径流系数和土壤侵蚀模数;植被的覆盖度和径流系数呈负线性关系,随着覆盖度的增加径流系数逐渐减小;植被覆盖度和土壤侵蚀模数为负指数关系,随着植被覆盖度的增大,土壤侵蚀模数急剧下降。 相似文献
10.