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1.
原产美国南部和墨西哥东北部的克氏原螯虾是目前全球入侵最广的小龙虾,也是对淡水生态系统最具破坏性的物种之一,其对栖息地沉水植物的现存量构成严重威胁,然而目前对克氏原螯虾摄食沉水植物的机制还知之甚少.本文选择6种沉水植物,研究克氏原螯虾对浅水湖泊常见的沉水植物穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、密刺苦草(Vallisneria denseserrulata)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)、马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)的新鲜植株和分解腐烂后的植株的摄食偏好及原因,结果表明克氏原螯虾对沉水植物新鲜植株选择逗留偏好为:最偏爱逗留在轮叶黑藻区,在穗花狐尾藻、密刺苦草和马来眼子菜3种植株区逗留频次无区别,而在金鱼藻区逗留频次显著最低,6种植物湿重减少量与逗留偏好趋势相似;相对各新鲜植株,克氏原螯虾均更喜欢逗留在分解腐烂8 d或12 d后的植物碎屑区域,相应分解腐烂8 d或12 d植物湿重降低量也显著更高.6种植物新鲜植株总酚类含量均显著高于分解腐烂后的植株,其中穗花狐尾藻新鲜和分解腐烂后的植株的总酚类含量始终显著高于其他5种植物.结合植物总酚类指标和摄食偏好结果,表明克氏原螯虾对沉水植物的摄食具有选择性,相对新鲜植物更喜摄食腐烂后的碎屑,总酚类不是影响其选择的关键因子. 相似文献
2.
Dynamics and Relationships of Ca,Mg,Fe in Litter,Soil Fauna and Soil in Pinus koraiensis-Broadleaf Mixed Forest 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area.The authors collected the samples of forest litter (Tilia amurensis,Fraxinus mandshurica,Pinus koraiensis,Acer mono,Betula costata,and mixed litter),soil in humus horizon (0-5cm) and soil horizon (5-20cm),and soil macrofauna (Oligochaeta,Geophiloporpha and Juliformia) from 2001 to 2002.The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index (EI).The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated.The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly,and then decrease in the study period.The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter,and the mixed litter is in the middle level,but the differences among them are not significant.The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil,but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus.The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter.The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg (EI>1),but it does not significantly enrich Fe.Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra,but EI<1.Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems. 相似文献
3.
Dynamics and relationships of Ca, Mg, Fe in litter, soil fauna and soil in Pinus koraiensis-broadleaf mixed forest 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Liangshui Natural Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of China was selected as the study area. The authors collected the samples of forest litter （Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, Acer mono, Betula costata, and mixed litter）, soil in humus horizon （0--5cm） and soil horizon （5-20cm）, and soil macrofauna （Oligochaeta, Geophiloporpha and Juliformia） from 2001 to 2002. The role of soil macrofauna in the material cycle was analyzed through comparing the macro-element contents among various parts of the subsystems and using enrichment index （El）. The results indicate that dynamic changes of various litters are very complicated. The contents of Fe in each kind of litter increase firstly, and then decrease in the study period. The changes of macro-element contents are greater in the broad-leaf litter than in the coniferous litter, and the mixed litter is in the middle level, but the differences among them are not significant. The contents of Mg and Fe in humus are higher than those in soil, but the contents of Ca in soil are higher than that in humus. The dynamic changes of macro-element contents in soil and soil fauna are not consistent with those in litter. The diplopod presented obvious enrichment of Ca and Mg （E1〉1）, but it does not significantly enrich Fe. Earthworm has a stronger enrichment ability of Fe than diplopod and scolopendra, but E1〈1. Soil fauna can make great influences on the material cycle of the subsystems. 相似文献
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5.
水草腐烂引发的黑臭水体应急处置技术研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
水草腐烂加速水体耗氧和水体还原性物质的溶出进程,在夏、秋季高温条件下极易引发局部水体黑臭.以太湖沉水植物优势种马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)及浮叶植物优势种莕菜(Nymphoides peltatum)为受试材料,利用太湖原位底泥培养模拟水草腐烂形成的黑臭水体,考察不同的环境材料处置方式(壳聚糖(CTS)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、CTS+PAC和PAC+PAM)对黑臭水体浊度、溶解氧浓度、挥发性硫化物等黑臭水体特征污染物的絮凝沉降规律及去除机理.结果表明:(1)絮凝处理24 h后,CTS+PAC组合对黑臭水体的浊度去除效果最佳,浊度去除率达70.3%,上覆水溶解氧浓度明显提高,增加率为261.5%;(2)加石英砂悬浊液加速絮体沉淀,形成絮体之后加石英砂使水体浊度稳步下降,4 h之后,浊度去除率达74.9%,显著高于与絮凝剂一起加入的处理组(29.8%);(3)植物腐烂释放的含硫特征嗅味物质主要为硫化氢(H_2S)、甲硫醚和二甲基三硫醚.不同植物体腐烂释放的含硫挥发性有机物浓度差异显著,马来眼子菜释放的4种含硫有机物总和分别为莕菜和苦草释放的319.8%和252.2%;(4)CTS+PAC处理后苦草及马来眼子菜腐烂水体中挥发性有机硫化物浓度较对照组分别降低了18.6%和44.5%.PAC+PAM组合絮凝处理组对莕菜腐烂水体中H2S有较好的去除效果,去除率达到52.4%.CTS+PAC絮凝剂组合处理的H2S浓度均低于对照组,苦草、马来眼子菜和莕菜腐烂后黑臭水体中H2S浓度分别降低了27.4%、41.0%和28.6%.CTS+PAC组合对H2S和二甲基硫醚类物质等致臭物释放的抑制效果优于PAC+PAM组合絮凝处理. 相似文献
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This paper attempts to analyze in detail the remote influence of the Indian Ocean Basin warming on the Northwest Pacific （NWP） during the year of decaying E1 Nifio. Observation data and the Fast Ocean- Atmosphere coupled Model 1.5 were used to investigate the triggering conditions under which the remote influence is formed between the positive sea surface temperature （SST） anomaly in the North Indian Ocean and the Anomalous Northwest Pacific anticyclone （ANWPA）. Our research show that it is only when there is a contributory background wind field over the Indian Ocean, i,e., when the Indian Summer Monsoon （ISM） reaches its peak, that the warmer SST anomaly in the North Indian Ocean incites significant easterly wind anomalies in the lower atmosphere of the Indo-West tropical Pacific. This then produces the remote influence on the ANWPA. Therefore, the SST anomaly in the North Indian Ocean might interfere with the prediction of the East Asia Summer Monsoon in the year of decaying E1 Nifio. Both the sustaining effect of local negative SST anomalies in the NWP, and the remote effect of positive SST anomalies in the North Indian Ocean on the ANWPA, should be considered in further research. 相似文献
7.
大型通江湖泊水位不断变化,引起湖泊水域与洲滩湿地之间相互转化,造成湿地植物周期性淹没分解,影响水体营养物质循环和能量流动.本文以鄱阳湖典型湿地植物灰化薹草(Carex cinerascens)、蒌蒿(Artemisia 和虉草(Phalaris arundinacea)为研究对象,通过为期69d的室外模拟实验,探究3种植物腐烂分解对水环境因子和浮游植物生物量(以叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度表征)的影响.结果表明:(1)3种湿地植物的分解过程均为前期分解较快、后期缓慢,且蒌蒿分解率显著大于灰化薹草和虉草.(2)腐烂分解过程中,水体理化因子均发生了显著变化,如水体pH呈先降低后升高的趋势,且空白组pH显著高于其他实验组.浊度、营养盐浓度和高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))浓度均呈先升高后降低并逐渐稳定的变化趋势,且显著高于空白组,蒌蒿腐烂分解对水体pH、浊度、营养盐浓度和COD_(Mn)的影响最大.(3)灰化薹草组和虉草组Chl.a浓度均呈前期波浪式上升、后期逐渐稳定的变化趋势;蒌蒿组Chl.a浓度整体呈逐渐上升的趋势.水体浊度和营养盐浓度是影响浮游植物生长的主要因素. 相似文献
8.
为了解东平湖菹草(Potamogeton crispus)腐烂分解对水体温室气体溶存浓度和界面扩散通量的影响,于2016年5-7月在东平湖菹草腐烂期采集上覆水和沉积物柱样,测定上覆水和孔隙水中温室气体(N_2O、CH_4和CO_2)的溶存浓度,采用Fick第一定律和双层模型计算沉积物-水-气界面扩散通量,同时分析上覆水和沉积物的理化性质,并采用网袋分解法于现场进行菹草腐烂分解试验,以探究东平湖菹草腐烂过程中温室气体溶存和扩散的主要影响因子及其主要来源.结果表明,菹草腐烂符合二次指数模型,分为快速衰减和慢速分解两个阶段;菹草腐烂过程中上覆水pH和亚硝态氮浓度表现为先降低后升高,而溶解氧、氨氮、硝态氮和可溶性正磷酸盐浓度则为先升高后下降,沉积物中铵态氮含量表现为先升高后降低,硝态氮为先降低后显著升高,有机质和p H呈降低-升高-降低的波动变化;上覆水中各温室气体浓度和水气界面扩散通量均表现为CO_2 CH_4 N_2O,其扩散通量分别为5862.9±5441.4、31.15±41.3和0.15±0.57μmol/(m~2·h),整体表现为大气温室气体的"源",并以碳排放为主;上覆水中N_2O浓度和水-气界面扩散通量均先降低后升高,孔隙水中N_2O浓度在快速和慢速分解阶段分别出现极大值(22.7和55.6 nmol/L),而其沉积物-水界面通量前期持续增加至腐烂结束后迅速降低;上覆水和孔隙水中CH_4浓度及其各界面通量均表现为前期略有降低后持续升高;上覆水中CO_2浓度和水-气界面通量表现为持续升高后降低并趋于稳定,而孔隙水中CO_2呈波动变化,在菹草腐烂初期向孔隙水扩散,后期向上覆水扩散.水温是影响上覆水中温室气体浓度和水-气界面通量的主要因素;沉积物是水体N_2O和CH_4的主要来源,孔隙水中浓度是控制其沉积物-水界面扩散的重要因素;而上覆水中CO_2呈现多源性,但以上覆水中有机物质的矿化为主. 相似文献
9.
桑沟湾是荣成市水产养殖的主要水域,养殖面积达8万亩,年养殖产量10多万吨,分别占全市养殖总面积和养殖总产量的30％左右,在荣成市养殖业中占有举足轻重的地位。但进入90年代以来,该湾的主要养殖品种——海带出现了藻体腐烂、出成率低,扇贝出现了个体小、生长周期长、出柱率低、死亡率高等一系列问题。为解决这些问题,市海洋与水产局组织科研部门对桑沟湾的养殖情况进行了全面系 相似文献
10.
Interference of the East Asian Winter Monsoon in the Impact of ENSO on the East Asian Summer Monsoon in Decaying Phases简 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The variability of the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM） can be divided into an ENSO-related part （EAWMEN） and an ENSO-unrelated part （EAWMres）.The influence of EAWMres on the ENSO-East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） relationship in the decaying stages of ENSO is investigated in the present study.To achieve this,ENSO is divided into four groups based on the EAWMres：（1） weak EAWMres-E1Ni（n）o （WEAWMres-EN）; （2） strong EAWMres-E1Ni（n）o （SEAWMresEN）; （3） weak EAWMres-La Ni（n）a （WEAWMres-LN）; （4） strong EAWMres-La Ni（n）a （SEAWMres-LN）.Composite results demonstrate that the EAWMres may enhance the atmospheric responses over East Asia to ENSO for WEAWMres-EN and SEAWMres-LN.The corresponding low-level anticyclonic （cyclonic） anomalies over the western North Pacific （WNP） associated with El Ni（n）o （La Ni（n）a） tend to be strong.Importantly,this feature may persist into the following summer,causing abundant rainfall in northern China for WEAWMres-EN cases and in southwestern China for SEAWMres-LN cases.In contrast,for the SEAWMres-EN and WEAWMres-LN groups,the EAWMres tends to weaken the atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with E1 Ni（n）o or La Ni（n）a.In these cases,the anomalous WNP anticyclone or cyclone tend to be reduced and confined to lower latitudes,which results in deficient summer rainfall in northern China for SEAWMres-EN and in southwestern China for WEAWMres-LN.Further study suggests that anomalous EAWMres may have an effect on the extra-tropical sea surface temperature anomaly,which persists into the ensuing summer and may interfere with the influences of ENSO. 相似文献