Experimental study on hydrodynamic performance of SWATH vessels in calm water and in head waves     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

An extensive experimental investigation on four SWATH hull forms has been conducted in calm water and in regular waves at University of Naples Federico II. Calm water tests have been analyzed in the range of Froude number Fr_T from 0.1 to 0.6. For all four SWATH configurations at the speed, corresponding to Fr_T 0.32, the behaviour in regular waves has been tested. The results of heave, pitch and vertical accelerations are presented in nondimensional form as RAO. For the “most promising” SWATH #4 configuration, a set of stabilizing fins have been designed and an active stabilization system has been developed. The developed SWATH#5 has been tested in calm water on three displacements in the range of Fr_T from 0.1 to 0.65. The dynamic wetted surface has been identified and the residual resistance coefficient C_R as well as R_T/Δ are reported. Seakeeping tests have been performed in regular head sea and in head and following irregular sea at Fr_T = 0.50. The conditions for the occurrence of dynamic longitudinal instabilities have been identified. The results allows to comment the effect of slenderness of struts and SWATH’s immersed bodies on resistance and seakeeping and concerns the applicability of SWATH concept to small craft.  相似文献   

Forests and floods: Using field evidence to reconcile analysis methods     

James C. Bathurst  Barry Fahey  Andrés Iroumé  Julia Jones 《水文研究》2020,34(15):3295-3310

The extent to which forests, relative to shorter vegetation, mitigate flood peak discharges remains controversial and relatively poorly researched, with only a few significant field studies. Considering the effect purely of change of vegetation cover, peak flow magnitude comparisons for paired catchments have suggested that forests do not mitigate large floods, whereas flood frequency comparisons have shown that forests mitigate frequencies over all magnitudes of flood. This study investigates the apparent inconsistency using field-based evidence from four contrasting field programmes at scales of 0.34–3.1 km². Repeated patterns are identified that provide strong evidence of real effects with physical explanations. Magnitude and frequency comparisons are both relevant to the impact of forests on peak discharges but address different questions. Both can show a convergence of response between forested and grassland/logged states at the highest recorded flows but the associated return periods may be quite variable and are subject to estimation uncertainty. For low to moderate events, the forested catchments have a lower peak magnitude for a given frequency than the grassland/logged catchments. Depending on antecedent soil saturation, a given storm may nevertheless generate peak discharges of the same magnitude for both catchment states but these peaks will have different return periods. The effect purely of change in vegetation cover may be modified by additional forestry interventions, such as road networks and drainage ditches which, by effectively increasing the drainage density, may increase peak flows for all event magnitudes. For all the sites, forest cover substantially reduces annual runoff.  相似文献   

Environmental determinants of species turnover of aquatic Heteroptera in freshwater ecosystems of the Western Ghats,India     

《Limnologica》2020

Partitioning beta diversity into its two components of spatial turnover and nestedness is a more robust method for checking spatial variability in biological communities than calculating the total beta diversity alone. The relative contribution of spatial turnover and nestedness has been used to test the effects of climatic, environmental, spatial and temporal variables on community composition. In this study, we tested the effects of environmental factors and microhabitat features on total beta diversity and its spatial turnover and nestedness components using a comprehensive dataset of aquatic Heteroptera collected from four types of permanent freshwater habitats (i.e. streams, ponds, rock tanks and reservoirs) in the Western Ghats of India. We observed that communities in all four types of habitats were predominantly shaped by dissimilarity caused due to spatial turnover (>85 %). Each type of habitat showed the presence of one or more species uniquely associated with it, which might contribute to the turnover between communities. The abiotic environment (climatic factors, topological factors, soil characteristics and microhabitat features) as well as assemblage structure differed significantly between habitat types. Communities in each type of habitat were affected by different environmental factors, such as precipitation and temperature patterns for streams, altitude and rocky substrate for rock tanks, and soil characteristics and the presence of aquatic macrophytes for ponds and reservoirs. Assemblages observed in the four types of permanent habitats are thus compositionally distinct due to species replacements between local communities, which in turn are strongly influenced by environmental variables. Similar to previous studies, our results show that spatial turnover largely measures the same phenomenon as total beta diversity on a regional scale.  相似文献   

Main active faults and seismic activity along the Yangtze River Economic Belt: Based on remote sensing geological survey     

《China Geology》2020,3(2):314-338

The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) spans three terrain steps in China and features diverse topography that is characterized by significant differences in geological structure and present-day crustal deformation. Active faults and seismic activity are important geological factors for the planning and development of the YREB. In this paper, the spatial distribution and activity of 165 active faults that exist along the YREB have been compiled from previous findings, using both remote-sensing data and geological survey results. The crustal stability of seven particularly noteworthy typical active fault zones and their potential effects on the crustal stability of the urban agglomerations are analyzed. The main active fault zones in the western YREB, together with the neighboring regional active faults, make up an arc fault block region comprising primarily of Sichuan-Yunnan and a “Sichuan-Yunnan arc rotational-shear active tectonic system” strong deformation region that features rotation, shear and extensional deformation. The active faults in the central-eastern YREB, with seven NE-NNE and seven NW-NWW active faults (the “7-longitudinal, 7-horizontal” pattern), macroscopically make up a “chessboard tectonic system” medium-weak deformation region in the geomechanical tectonic system. They are also the main geological constraints for the crustal stability of the YREB.  相似文献   

珠江三角洲地区活动断裂探查方法浅析          下载免费PDF全文

黄孝波  孙社良  屈尚侠 《山东国土资源》2019,35(9)

活动断裂是指晚第四纪以来活动过的断裂,它威胁到人类生命财产安全。该文通过文献调研,结合珠江三角洲基底断裂探查研究项目的实际工作,介绍了地面地质调查、浅层地震、断层气测量、钻探及连孔剖面、断裂物质测年、历史地震分析等活动断裂探查方法,以及这些方法的优缺点,并指出了目前活动断裂探查存在的一些问题,提出了建议。  相似文献   

基于SMAP卫星雷达资料的海冰密集度反演技术研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

闻斌  周旋  种劲松  石立坚  叶小敏 《海洋学报》2018,40(6):29-39

SMAP是美国于2015年初发射的一颗卫星，搭载了L波段的雷达。它采用圆锥扫描方式，具有固定的入射角、较大的幅宽和千米级的分辨率，在海冰监测方面具有独特的优势。本文利用SMAP卫星雷达资料分别与德国Bremen大学海冰密集度产品和美国国家冰雪数据中心（NSIDC）海冰密集度产品建立3.125 km和25 km匹配数据集，分析了L波段雷达后向散射系数、极化比和归一化极化差与海冰密集度之间相关性，建立基于人工神经网络的海冰密集度反演算法。为了验证SMAP卫星雷达资料反演海冰密集度的精度，本文选择德国Bremen大学和美国冰雪数据中心发布的海冰密集度产品分别与SMAP海冰密集度产品进行对比分析，SMAP海冰密集度与Bremen海冰密集度的偏差为0.07、均方根误差为0.14；与NSIDC海冰密集度的偏差为0.04、均方根误差为0.18，这表明SMAP海冰密集度产品与现有业务化海冰密集度产品具有很好的一致性。  相似文献   

3D P-WAVE VELOCITY STRUCTURE AT THE NORTHEASTERN MARGIN OF ORDOS BLOCK     

HAN Xiao-ming  Liu Fang  ZHANG Fan  CHEN Li-feng  LI Juan  LI Shuan-hu  YANG Hong-ying 《地震地质》2018,40(1):215-231

Using the 7 100 absolute first arrivals of P waves and 91 513 relative P arrival times of 726 events at the northeastern margin of the Ordos block since 2009, the 3D fine structure of P wave velocity within the depth of 15km in the crust was inverted by the double difference seismic tomography method. The results show that there exist obvious high-speed continuous bodies in the northwest of the study area, and their lateral areas increase gradually with depth, while the velocity of east and south is relatively low. The velocity inhomogeneity exists and differs at different depths. The lateral differences of velocity are related to seismicity and faults. The 5~15km depth profile shows that earthquakes tend to occur in the area with relatively high velocity or high speed transition zones, which to some extent reflects the fragility of regional crustal media and the strong differential movement of faults in vertical and horizontal directions where the crust body is easy to absorb and store strain energy and generate major earthquakes. A "Y"-shape low-velocity channel is present in the lower crust around Liangcheng, corresponding to the NW-trending Heilaoyao-Shahukou fault set, which may reveal the migration path of the Late Tertiary-Quaternary basalt eruption. The Helingeer M6.2 earthquake in 1976 was related to the formation of the locking section of the thermal welding in this area. The three-dimensional fine structure of P wave velocity presented in this paper provides intuitive seismological evidence for physical and chemical properties of crustal media and the deep tectonic environment of earthquake preparation.  相似文献   

华北地块中部新构造运动   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

曹现志许立青  李三忠刘 鑫索艳慧戴黎明赵淑娟  王鹏程 《地质科学》2018,(3):835-859

由于印度板块持续向北运动,引起青藏高原的挤出,并于中新世末引起华北地块的向东挤出。大约在7.3 Ma,太行山西侧渭河盆地唐县面首先解体,继而向北、向东发展;到5 Ma左右,太行山东麓断裂带的右行走滑,导致华北中部唐县面全面解体,形成多个太行山内部山间盆地,以及太行山西侧山西地堑系。这些断陷盆地的断陷幅度各不相同,太行山西侧山西地堑系断陷幅度较大,太行山内部山间盆地断陷幅度较小,太行山东部的渤海湾盆地断陷活动不明显。伴随着盆地的形成,太行山相对进入快速隆升阶段。山西地堑系控盆断裂以及太行山东麓断裂带第四纪以来仍存在明显活动,切割并控制第四系,局部在地表形成地裂缝。华北地块中部的应力场恢复以及深部构造分析表明,深部地幔上涌对浅部伸展构造的形成具有重要的影响,深部构造演变与浅部构造演变具有高度的一致性和耦合性。太行山东部渤海湾盆地自中新世以来就进入拗陷阶段,断裂活动弱,构造演化与西侧差异较大,表明这期构造运动动力源于西侧,太行山东麓断裂带作为两侧差异演变的边界,调节着两侧的差异构造活动。  相似文献   

一种工业热源提取方法:利用温度特征模板的BP神经网络     

李博  范俊甫  韩留生  孙广伟  张大富  张盼盼 《地球信息科学学报》2022,24(3):533-545

针对年尺度热异常数据提取工业热源的方法存在数量和空间精细化程度不足的问题,使用VIIRS Active Fire数据,提出了一种基于温度特征模板的BP神经网络工业热源提取方法。该方法以京津冀及周边地区为试验区,首先,根据工业热源空间聚集性特征,使用OPTICS算法划分热源对象;其次,根据热源的热辐射特征,构建工业热源与非工业热源温度特征模板;最后,以温度特征模板、热源统计特征等作为参数,使用BP神经网络提取工业热源对象。结果表明：① 本文提出的基于温度特征模板的BP神经网络算法的工业热源提取精度达到了96.31%,与时间滤波、逻辑回归方法相比较,工业热源提取精度分别提高了8.45%、7.53%;② 2015—2020年京津冀及周边地区6省市工业热源数量整体减少了27.46%;河北省工业热源对象数量和热异常点数量年均减少了8.06%和7.44%,相对于其他省市减少幅度最大;山东、天津的工业热源集中度分别提高了25.72%、86.64%,说明两地工业转型升级政策取得较显著成效;③ 唐山、邯郸、吕梁和长治4个城市工业热源对象数量占试验区全部的31.37%,为京津冀及周边地区工业热源主要分布城市;临汾、太原等7个城市工业热源聚集程度和能源消耗程度高于其他城市;北京、周口等11个城市工业热源聚集程度和能源消耗程度低于其他城市;④ 2020年1—5月,京津冀及周边地区工业热异常点数量相对于2019、2021年同期保持不变或增加,新冠疫情对试验区工业热源无显著影响;2020年1、2月武汉工业热异常点数量与2019、2021年同期相比数量减少了66.67%以上,2020年3—5月工业热异常点数量低于2019年同期,2020年1—5月新冠疫情对武汉市工业热源影响显著。该研究反映了京津冀及周边地区工业热源发展的现状及趋势,能够为降低能耗和提高第二产业集中度等相关政策的制定与调整提供有价值的参考。  相似文献   

黄河中下游活动断层分布及其对古河道变迁的影响     

李峰  张杰汉  卢巍  张攀  占伟伟  田勤俭 《震灾防御技术》2022,17(2):197-207

黄河流域是我国遭受地震灾害最为严重的流域,近年来探测工作对黄河中下游的活动断层有较多新认识,如构成北华北盆地与南华北盆地新构造分界的新乡-商丘断裂,新发现存在多个晚更新世活动段,具备发生中强级以上地震的可能,对识别沿黄河中下游的地震危险源、提高地震危险性认识有重要影响。本文通过总结近年来活动断层探测的最新进展,分析了沿黄河中下游地区的活动断层分布特征及其可能产生的灾害影响,并提出后续工作规划建议。  相似文献