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1.
《Limnologica》2019
Lake Baikal is facing several environmental stressors, including climate change and nearshore eutrophication. To assess recent ecological changes in Lake Baikal and provide a baseline for future comparisons, we sampled spring plankton communities from the pelagic zone of the lake in 2016 and compared these data with unpublished and published historical information going back to 1990. In 2016, one pelagic long-term monitoring station was sampled in early spring (March) during ice cover and 21 long-term monitoring stations located throughout the lake were sampled in late spring (May-June). We measured water chemistry parameters at most stations and the abundance, taxonomic composition and biomass of bacteria, ciliates and phytoplankton at several locations in different areas of the lake. Biotic parameters from 2016 were compared with historical data, showing significant changes in the spring pelagic microbial community since the 1990s. We show increased quantities of small species, mixotrophic ciliates, and the appearance (or increasing number) of small coloured and colourless flagellates. We also show substantially decreased densities of formerly dominant heavily silicified diatoms such as Aulacoseira spp. Since 2007, Synedra acus subsp. radians, a smaller and weakly silicified diatom, has dominated the spring plankton of the lake. These results suggest that Lake Baikal’s pelagic plankton community may be changing, with climate likely playing a dominant role in these changes. 相似文献
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From pollen percentage to vegetation cover: evaluation of the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm in western Norway 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
KARI LOE HJELLE INGVILD KRISTINE MEHL SHINYA SUGITA GIDSKE LEKNÆS ANDERSEN 《第四纪科学杂志》2015,30(4):312-324
The Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) with the two models REVEALS and LOVE is developed to transform pollen percentage data to vegetation cover. This paper presents the first study to evaluate LRA in a region with large topographic variations within a short distances. The REVEALS model estimates regional vegetation abundance based on pollen assemblages from large lakes (100–500 ha). Pollen surface samples from one large and 28 small lakes are used together with a combination of regionally derived pollen productivity estimates and available estimates from other regions of Europe. The results show a good relationship between REVEALS‐estimated forest cover and vegetation abundance based on the CORINE land‐cover data. The REVEALS results using various sets of pollen assemblages from small lakes were comparable to those using one large lake. Local vegetation abundance using the LOVE model was estimated around 26 lakes. For common taxa, such as Pinus and Poaceae, the LOVE‐based estimates of plant abundance match well with the distance‐weighted plant abundances based on vegetation maps. Our results indicate that the LRA approach is effective for reconstruction of long‐term vegetation changes in western Norway and other regions with high topographic relief when no major gradients exist in the pollen data. 相似文献
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Amir Semnani Liang Wang Mehdi Ostadhassan Majid Nabi-Bidhendi Babak Nadjar Araabi 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(7):1701-1719
Matching pursuit belongs to the category of spectral decomposition approaches that use a pre-defined discrete wavelet dictionary in order to decompose a signal adaptively. Although disengaged from windowing issues, matching point demands high computational costs as extraction of all local structure of signal requires a large size dictionary. Thus in order to find the best match wavelet, it is required to search the whole space. To reduce the computational cost of greedy matching pursuit, two artificial intelligence methods, (1) quantum inspired evolutionary algorithm and (2) particle swarm optimization, are introduced for two successive steps: (a) initial estimation and (b) optimization of wavelet parameters. We call this algorithm quantum swarm evolutionary matching pursuit. Quantum swarm evolutionary matching pursuit starts with a small colony of population at which each individual, is potentially a transformed form of a time-frequency atom. To attain maximum pursuit of the potential candidate wavelets with the residual, the colony members are adjusted in an evolutionary way. In addition, the quantum computing concepts such as quantum bit, quantum gate, and superposition of states are introduced into the method. The algorithm parameters such as social and cognitive learning factors, population size and global migration period are optimized using seismic signals. In applying matching pursuit to geophysical data, typically complex trace attributes are used for initial estimation of wavelet parameters, however, in this study it was shown that using complex trace attributes are sensitive to noisy data and would have lower rate of convergence. The algorithm performance over noisy signals, using non-orthogonal dictionaries are investigated and compared with other methods such as orthogonal matching pursuit. The results illustrate that quantum swarm evolutionary matching pursuit has the least sensitivity to noise and higher rate of convergence. Finally, the algorithm is applied to both modelled seismograms and real data for detection of low frequency anomalies to validate the findings. 相似文献
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双线偏振多普勒雷达测量的参数KDP在定量估测降雨强度和识别降水粒子相态方面都有着很重要的作用。鉴于雷达实测KDP值来源于S波段双线偏振雷达信号处理器(RVP8)的结果,没有具体的计算过程,不便于进行雷达资料预处理和质量控制。探讨总结了KDP的3种算法,通过实测数据,将雷达信号处理器(RVP8)观测的KDP作为参考值,进行了对比分析。结果表明:最小二乘法误差最小,精度最高;讨论了沿雷达径向,不同平滑距离对最小二乘法KDP计算的影响;同时研究了雷达实测KDP与通过Z-R关系计算的降雨强度之间的关系显示,5 km的距离长度既能起到足够的平滑作用,又能保持足够的气象信息,不至于影响测量降水效果;同时,KDP与降雨强度之间存在较好的对应关系,在强降雨阶段尤为显著,可以利用KDP来估算反演降雨强度。 相似文献
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The surface energy balance algorithm for land method was used in this study to calculate the evapotranspiration (ET) rate for the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Gansu Province, China, to analyse ET distribution within the oasis and the surrounding desert and, especially, on the edge zone of the oasis. Five profile graphs were created vertical to the river. Because of the inverse humidity phenomenon, the least amount of evapotranspiration occurred on the desert close to the oasis. The average evapotranspiration rate was roughly proportioned from the edge of the oasis to inside and outside its boundary. Two meteorological ground stations located close to the oasis edge showed a notable difference in net radiation flux that led to the difference found in ET. The primary reason for the significant differences observed in net radiation may be largely the result of differences in flux reflectivity and surface temperature. Meteorological data show that water supply also played an important role. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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探讨利用SCIAMACHY数据反演温室气体二氧化碳 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
自工业革命以来CO2已经成为引起全球气候变暖的一种最主要的人为温室气体,由此引起的全球气候变化是当今社会经济可持续发展面临的最严峻挑战之一.为了更好的研究二氧化碳在时间与空间尺度上的格局及变化,综合分析CO2与太阳辐射、地面反照率、气溶胶等要素之间的关系,本文回顾了以往利用新型卫星传感器获取多源遥感数据的特点,分析了多种反演计算方法的优缺点,并结合地面实测数据进行对比分析的方法与理论,全面阐述国际上有关CO2柱浓度反演的思想.作者认为目前在地面观测站较少的情况下,针对先进的SCIAMACHY传感器数据利用DOAS相关算法及BESD算法进行CO2柱体浓度反演的数据连续,技术成熟,并由此提出了下一步工作中应解决的3个问题. 相似文献
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隐花植物是指不产生种子的植物,是我国干旱、半干旱地区主要表面特征——生物土壤结皮的组成成分,并在其中扮演着独特而重要的生态作用。隐花植物对环境因子变化的响应和适应能力大小对整个生态系统稳定性具有重要影响。因此,有关增强UV-B辐射对隐花植物影响的研究已成为目前UV-B辐射研究领域的发展趋势和热点之一。通过系统地综述国内外有关隐花植物对UV-B辐射响应和适应机制研究方面的进展,分析了研究趋势,讨论了目前该领域研究的一些不足并对未来发展提出了展望,以期促进隐花植物的研究,加深对我国干旱、半干旱区隐花植物在应对UV-B辐射增强的响应和适应机制的认识。 相似文献