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为了揭示磷(P)营养缺乏对蓝藻释放挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的影响及其对其他藻类的化感作用,以形成蓝藻水华的主要种类铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)为材料,在无P培养条件下对其释放的VOCs进行分析,同时测定VOCs对莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)生长、光合色素含量和光合性能的影响.结果表明,采用无P培养基培养铜绿微囊藻24 h后,其释放的VOCs种类和含量均明显增加,与标准培养基培养相比,VOCs总释放量增加了73.4%,并出现7种新化合物.将铜绿微囊藻释放的VOCs通入莱茵衣藻溶液中,在标准培养基中铜绿微囊藻释放的VOCs对莱茵衣藻生长无显著影响,而无P条件下释放的VOCs则明显抑制莱茵衣藻生长,其响应指数(RI)为-0.25.此外,莱茵衣藻光合色素含量、光系统II(PSII)最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、有效光化学量子产量[Y(II)]、光化学淬灭系数(q P)和光合电子传递速率(ETR)也明显降低,而非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)则明显升高,其RI为0.26.由此可见,蓝藻在富营养化水体中大量繁殖以及P自身沉降特性导致的P缺乏会促进蓝藻释放VOCs,同时这些VOCs在保持蓝藻营养竞争优势和水体藻类多样性减少中具有化感抑制作用. 相似文献
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铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)与三种丝状蓝藻间的相互作用 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
研究了单细胞铜绿微囊藻和三种丝状蓝藻（水华束丝藻、水华鱼腥藻及土生席藻）间的相互作用，包括以下两个方面的内容：①铜绿微囊藻细胞滤出液对水华束丝藻、水华鱼腥藻及土生席藻生长的影响；②水华束丝藻、水华鱼腥藻及土生席藻细胞滤出液对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响．研究发现，当滤出液浓度为60％（滤出液与BG11的体积比为3：2）时，铜绿微囊藻细胞滤出液对水华束丝藻、水华鱼腥藻的生长有显著促进效果，尤其对水华束丝藻的作用更加明显；对土生席藻的生长却起着微弱的抑制作用，仅表现于100％细胞滤出液中．对铜绿微囊藻而言，土生席藻细胞滤出液对其的生长起着显著抑制作用，浓度越高、抑制作用越强；而水华束丝藻、水华鱼腥藻仅在100％细胞滤出液中才表现出微弱的抑制作用．为验证营养盐浓度差异是否影响滤出液的作用效果，进行了无机营养盐（NO3-N、NH4^＋-N、PO4-P）干扰的消除试验．结果表明，无机营养盐（（NO3-N、NH4^＋-N、PO4-P）的改变并不影响滤出液的作用效果，从而我们推测水华蓝藻之间存在着化感作用．本研究为解释自然水体中藻类种群演替的原因，深入认识水华蓝藻的动力学机制提供了新的实验证据． 相似文献
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本实验研究分别采用益母草的根、茎、叶的0.10、0.25、0.50、2.00、1.00g/L和水苏碱的0.20、0.40、0.60、0.80、1.00g/L5个不同浓度梯度的处理液处理钉螺,设清水和0.001g/L浓度的氯硝柳胺溶液为对照。结果表明:(1)益母草各部分的水浸液均有很好的灭螺效果,用不同浓度的处理液浸杀钉螺,在不同时间的处理下,钉螺死亡率存在差异,其钉螺死亡率是随处理浓度的增加和时间的延长呈上升趋势,0.5g/L以上的益母草根、茎、叶、化水浸液和浓度达0.60g/L以上的水苏碱处理液均可达到100%的毒杀钉螺致死效果,与通常使用浓度0.001g/L氯硝柳胺溶液的灭螺效果相当。不过益母草根、茎、叶水浸液的毒效较氯硝柳胺略慢,用0.001g/L氯硝柳胺溶液处理钉螺2～3d可达100%的死亡率,而用0.5g/L以上的益母草根、茎、叶水浸液水溶液处理需要3～5d才能达到同样的效果;灭螺效果顺序依次为:叶>茎>根。(2)钉螺趋避性研究表明,水苏碱和益母草根、茎和叶的处理液对钉螺具有明显的驱逐作用,而盐酸益母草碱几乎没有作用。(3)并对其剂量-效应与时间-效应进行了研究分析,由此获得化感作用植物益母草灭螺的化学生态学证据,为研制新的具中国特色的植物成份灭螺剂打下了基础,并为合成仿生灭螺剂以及最终构建生态工程中强化感作用植物群落灭螺提供理论依据。 相似文献
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文章通过研究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对短裸甲藻的活性氧自由基(ROS,主要为H_2O_2)水平、过氧化标志产物丙二醛(MDA)含量以及对细胞亚显微结构的影响,初步揭示DBP抑制短裸甲藻的机理,为沿海赤潮的控制和有效防治提供有力的支持。研究结果表明,DBP通过引起短裸甲藻细胞内活性氧自由基的过度积累而引起膜质过氧化,与不添加DBP的对照组相比,在低浓度DBP(0.1mg/L)的影响下,H_2O_2含量前48h变化比较平稳,48h以后逐渐下降。而在高浓度DBP(10mg/L)的影响下,H_2O_2含量变化波动明显,暴露72h后,H_2O_2含量达到248.24nmol·(10~7cells)~(-1),约是对照组的4.67倍。过氧化标志产物MDA在低浓度DBP(0.1mg/L)处理后暴露24h分别出现峰值0.23μmol·(10~9cells)~(-1)、0.28μmol·(10~9cells)~(-1),高浓度DBP(10 mg/L)处理MDA含量24h后持续上升,72h时高达0.351μmol·(10~9 cells)-1,约是对照组的2.32倍。同时DBP可以引起短裸甲藻细胞结构受损,表现在叶绿体、线粒体等细胞器变模糊,细胞空泡化,原生质膜皱缩,细胞脂质体(黑色颗粒)明显增多等,初步认为过氧化损伤为化感物质作用机理。 相似文献
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Invasion of the noxious weed Nicotiana glauca R. Graham after an episodic flooding event in the arid zone of Australia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
During November 1997, an extreme rainfall event caused flooding in the Olary Creek and created a terminal lake within mallee vegetation on Nagaela Station, far western New South Wales. To assess the effect of this rare event on native flora, six 25×25 m2 grazing exclusion plots were established on flooded (4), and un-flooded control (2) areas. We investigated (i) the distribution of Nicotiana glauca in relation to the 1997 flooding event (ii) the variation in density of N. glauca soil-stored seed between soil in control and exclosure plots (iii) the allelopathic effects of N. glauca on germination of Lactuca sativa seeds. Analysis of N. glauca stem sections revealed a maximum of five growth rings, confirming an origin following the 1997 flood event. At a September 1998 assessment, no N. glauca were found across flooded and control plots. In October 2000 N. glauca occurred at densities of 24 and 12 N. glauca seedlings ha−1 in the flooded unfenced and fenced plots respectively. No N. glauca individuals were recorded either from control fenced or unfenced plots. The soil-stored seed study revealed that larger numbers of N. glauca seeds were recovered from the flooded open plot (1936±968) than in flooded fenced plots (856±428.12) but none was found in the control plots. Leachates obtained from dry leaves and twigs had a significantly greater negative impact (p>0.001) on germination of L. sativa seeds than leachates obtained from fresh leaves and bark. This study showed that the density of N. glauca is high in areas where grazing had eliminated competition from native shrubs and grasses. N. glauca is potentially a serious weed along the Olary Creek and ephemeral lake boundaries. Management strategies such as reducing grazing pressure from native and introduced animals and/or effective eradication programs should be adopted, to minimize further infestation. 相似文献
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化学互感作用或化感作用(allelopathy)在浮游植物的种群相互作用及动力学过程中起着重要的调节控制作用,已经成为有害藻华生态学研究中的重要领域。但在被研究的种类和化感作用的规律等方面还存在众多空白。本研究选取分离自中国和美国近海的重要藻华甲藻多环旋沟藻(Cochlodinium polykrikoides)、米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)、剧毒卡尔藻(Karlodinium veneficum)、短沟别什莱藻(Biecheleria brevisulcate),在相同的试验条件下(72 h共培养)观察其与另一种常见的藻华甲藻红色赤潮藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)的化感作用。实验结果显示化感效应随种类和特别是起始细胞密度比率而分别表现为抑制或促进共存种的生长。与起始细胞密度为500个/m L的红色赤潮藻共培养时,多环旋沟藻起始密度为250个/m L时促进红色赤潮藻生长,米氏凯伦藻苏澳株和短沟别什莱藻在细胞密度低于1 000个/m L时促进红色赤潮藻生长,同时起始密度为5 000~50 000个/m L的剧毒卡尔藻被红色赤潮藻促进生长。但是,米氏凯伦藻深圳湾株在细胞密度500个/m L以上时均抑制红色赤潮藻生长,多环旋沟藻在起始密度大于250个/m L时开始抑制红色赤潮藻生长,且抑制效应在起始密度2 500个/m L时接近100%。米氏凯伦藻的化感作用在不同株系间表现出显著差异。结果说明有害藻华甲藻之间的化感作用表现出复杂的形式,随着作用的种类和互相之间的密度比率变化而有互相促进、抑制或一方抑制(或促进)另一方等作用,这对进一步认识藻华甲藻的种群动力学具有重要意义。 相似文献
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《Limnologica》2017
Macrophytes and phytoplankton including cyanobacteria are main primary producers in aquatic environments.Macrophytes can maintain water quality by suppressing phytoplankton growth through a number of mechanisms: while e.g. the absorption of high amounts of nutrients and the provision of refuge from predation for herbivorous aquatic fauna are widely accepted macrophyte functions, the role of their release of allelopathic substances in suppressing phytoplankton is increasingly being studied. Some macrophyte species can support the growth of epiphytic cyanobacteria providing them an advantage over planktonic species in the competition for nutrients. On the other hand, some cyanobacteria dominate in eutrophic water bodies and produce cyanotoxins that exert allelopathic substances which may contribute to the decline of macrophytes. Macrophytes can interact with these cyanotoxins in different ways including bioaccumulation and biotransformation. This review focuses on such allelopathic interactions between macrophytes and toxic cyanobacteria. The article also suggests methods for researchers and water resources managers for the application of macrophytes to control harmful cyanobacterial blooms and as phytoremediators for toxin elimination from water bodies. 相似文献
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