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2008年12月20—21日和2010年1月3日天津地区分别出现了历史同期罕见的暴雪天气。为了提高对这种极端天气发生机理的认识,利用多种资料对这两次天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：两次暴雪过程均属于回流型降雪,但环流形势和影响系统的演变却不尽相同。影响系统分别为高空横槽（高空槽）、850 hPa切变（850 hPa低涡切变）和地面倒槽（地面气旋）,水汽源自700 hPa西南气流和边界层东风的水汽输送。由于两次过程均与边界层东风相伴,特别对渤海西岸边界层东风对降雪天气的影响和作用进行探讨,表明偏东风不仅为本地输送一定量级的水汽,同时这种具有冷湿特征的东风还会与内陆具有暖湿结构的偏南风形成地面辐合线,加强地面的动力抬升作用,产生上升运动,有利于雨雪天气的加强和维持,因此可以认为边界层东风对暴雪的发生发展起到了显著的作用。 相似文献
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Granular carbonate deposits of Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene age, commonly referred to as ‘miliolite limestone’, occur in a linear belt, parallel to the southern coast of Saurashtra, India. In the present study area these carbonate deposits are found in select valleys between ridges and mounds of pyroclastic material present in the Deccan trap plateau. Two different depositional histories have been proposed for these sediments. The presence of marine bioclasts led to the postulation of a marine origin for these deposits. The second school of thought propounded redeposition of the coastal sediments by aeolian processes. Although a few features could not be explained by the proposed aeolian model, critical comparison of these two views favoured the aeolian origin. The mode of occurrence, lithological and structural attributes, and microscopic evidence presented here, also support a possible aeolian origin for these deposits. Experimental observation indicates that these carbonate aeolianites represent backflow deposits, which accumulated because of the flow separation caused by the presence of topographic highs. The conspicuous concave‐up geometry of the deposit conformed to the shape of the separation bulb. In view of the inferred depositional mechanism, the disposition of the deposits and the signature of the palaeoflow direction suggest that the carbonate particles were derived from the north‐western coast of Saurashtra by strong south‐easterly winds. Massive granular carbonates with outsized basement clasts appear to be the product of avalanching of granular material from the higher contours because of oversteepening of the primary deposit. 相似文献
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渤海西岸降雪过程中偏东风在250 m塔层内的特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用天津铁塔观测资料、加密自动站和常规观测资料,针对4次渤海西岸典型降雪过程,分析了偏东风在降雪发生前后的演变特征。结果表明：4次降雪过程均属于回流降雪,其水汽来源与西南气流的水汽输送和近地面层的东风水汽输送有关;地面东风出现在降雪开始之前8 h以上,风速一般在2 m·s-1左右,220 m高度可达12 m·s-1左右。从造成东风的系统看,由南部北上的低压系统造成的东风或东南风湿度比较大,而由东北南下的冷高压造成的东风或东北风都比较干。出现最大降雪的时段,塔层的东风显著加大,而地面的风速变化不明显。 相似文献
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统计了1990-2009年间降雪资料的基础上,运用历史天气图、micaps资料以及NCEP再分析资料,对回流型强降雪个例进行了详细分析,总结了华北回流型强降雪天气的普遍特征,通过对回流形势和廊坊及上游沿线测站高低空物理量特征的诊断分析,归纳出一些适合廊坊本地的预报指标,并通过初级模型的建立进一步提高当地强降雪预报的准确率。结果表明：回流降雪过程500 hPa高空形势可分为两类：两槽一脊型和多波动型;地面图上亚欧东部基本呈“北高南低”或“东北高西南低”的形势,高压中心的平均强度可达1045.5 hPa。廊坊地面风的上游即渤海西岸为显著的北到东风,当风速达到5 m·s-1以上时要注意强降雪的发生。 相似文献
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倒灌是发生在湖泊与周围水体交汇处的一个重要物理过程,对湖泊水文水动力与水环境带来严重影响或干扰,进而对湖泊水质产生重要的影响或控制作用.本文采用统计方法和二维水动力-粒子示踪耦合模型来分析倒灌物理成因、倒灌发生判别与指示以及倒灌对鄱阳湖水文水动力的影响.统计表明,流域"五河"入湖径流、长江干流径流情势以及两者叠加作用均是倒灌的影响因素,但长江干流径流情势是影响或者控制倒灌频次与倒灌强度的主要因素."五河"来水与长江干流的流量比可用来判别与指示倒灌发生与否.当流量比低于约5%时,倒灌可能发生且最大发生概率可达25%;当流量比高于10%时,倒灌发生概率则低于2%.水动力模拟结果表明,倒灌对湖区水位与流速的影响向湖区中上游逐渐减弱,湖泊水位和流速受影响最为显著的区域主要分布在贯穿整个湖区的主河道,而浅水洪泛区的水位和流速则受倒灌影响相对较小.倒灌使得湖泊空间水位提高约0.2~1.5 m,湖泊主河道的流速增加幅度可达0.3 m/s.粒子示踪结果表明,倒灌导致湖区水流流向转变约90°~180°,倒灌导致的水流流向变化能够使湖区大部分粒子或物质向上游迁移约几千米至20 km,且粒子在下游主河道的迁移距离要明显大于中上游洪泛区. 相似文献
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山谷地形流场和扩散的数值研究 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7
运用三维非表力E－ε闭合模式，模拟了山体和山谷地形下的流场、湍流场和不同位置低矮点源扩散的污染物浓度分布。发现在不稳定时湍能的热力产生率并非在任何位置都是主要的。当风速较大时，在山谷底部机械产生率也可能超过热力产生率。对污染扩散的分析表明：在近地面源条件下，稳定层结时如果出现小风，无论源在何处，都人造成一定范围内的严重污染，当污染源位于山前或山顶时，谷底的污染不剧烈。当污染源位于谷底时，无论何种层结、何种来流风速，都会造成山谷地区的严重污染。污染源位于山体沿来流方向的中心线上的谷底时，如果风速大，污染物沿回流输送；如果风速小，则沿来流方向输送。 相似文献
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2008年12月20-21日和2010年1月3日天津地区分别出现了历史同期罕见的暴雪天气。为了提高对这种极端天气发生机理的认识,利用多种资料对这两次天气过程进行了分析。结果表明：两次暴雪过程均属于回流型降雪,但环流形势和影响系统的演变却不尽相同。影响系统分别为高空横槽（高空槽）、850 hPa切变（850 hPa低涡切变）、地面倒槽（地面气旋）,水汽源自700 hPa西南气流和边界层东风的水汽输送。由于两次过程均与边界层东风相伴,特别对渤海西岸边界层东风对降雪天气的影响和作用作了探讨,表明偏东风不仅为本地输送一定量级的水汽,同时这种具有冷湿特征的东风还会与内陆具有暖湿结构的偏南风形成地面辐合线,加强地面的动力抬升作用,产生上升运动,有利于雨雪天气的加强和维持,因此可以认为边界层东风对暴雪的发生发展起到了显著的作用。 相似文献
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Onshore tsunami deposits may consist of inflow and backflow deposits. Grain sizes can range from clay to boulders of several metres in diameter. Grain‐size distributions reflect the mode of deposition and may be used to explore the hydrodynamic conditions of transport. The absence of unique sedimentary features identifying tsunami deposits makes it difficult in some cases to distinguish inflow from backflow deposits. On Isla Mocha off central Chile, the 27 February 2010 tsunami left behind inflow and backflow deposits of highly variable character. Tsunami inflow entrained sands, gravels and boulders in the upper shoreface, beach, and along coastal terraces. Boulders of up to 12 t were transported up to 300 m inland and 13 m above sea‐level. Thin veneers of coarse sand were found up to the maximum runup at 600 m inland and 19 m above sea‐level. Backflow re‐mobilized most of the sands and gravels deposited during inflow. The orientation of erosional structures indicates that significant volumes of sediment were entrained also during backflow. A major feature of the backflow deposits are widespread prograding fans of coarse sediment developed downcurrent of terrace steps. Fan sediments are mostly structureless but include cross‐bedding, imbrication and ripples, indicating deposition from bedload traction currents. The sediments are poorly sorted, grain sizes range between medium to coarse sand to gravel and pebbles. An assessment of the backflow transport conditions of this mixed material suggests that bedload transport at Rouse numbers >2·5 was achieved by supercritical flows, whereas deposition occurred when currents had decelerated sufficiently on the low‐gradient lower coastal plain. The sedimentary record of the February 2010 tsunami at Isla Mocha consists of backflow deposits to more than 90%. Due to the lack of sedimentary structures, many previous studies of modern tsunami sediments found that most of the detritus was deposited during inflow. This study demonstrates that an uncritical use of this assumption may lead to erroneous interpretations of palaeotsunami magnitudes and sedimentary processes if unknowingly applied to backflow deposits. 相似文献
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