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为了探究生物质炭作为生长基质对水生植物种子萌发和生长的影响,选用典型沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria spiralis)作为受试植物,测定不同氮、磷营养盐浓度和不同粒径的生物质炭作用下对苦草种子萌发率、幼苗形态与生物量,同时分析水体中硝态氮、亚硝态氮、氨氮和正磷酸盐磷浓度变化过程.结果表明:生物质炭存在使水体中亚硝态氮浓度低于检测限,使水体正磷酸盐磷浓度上升至1.28~2.43 mg/L,为最高添加磷浓度的3.2~6.1倍,从而改变了苦草生长环境.小粒径生物质炭(0.25~0.5 mm)组中水体最终氨氮浓度(0.05 mg/L)远远低于大粒径生物质炭(1~2 mm)组中水体最终氨氮浓度(0.39~0.85 mg/L),即生物质炭粒径大小会影响水体最终营养盐浓度和氮素赋存形态.与大粒径生物质炭组和石英砂对照相比,小粒径组苦草种子萌发率明显升高,可达80%以上,并促进苦草幼苗生长.因此,小粒径生物质炭能提高苦草种子萌发和幼苗生长,在大型水生植物恢复工程中具有一定的应用前景. 相似文献
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Interactions between benzotriazole and corncob biochars pyrolyzed at different temperature 
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下载免费PDF全文 The sorption of ionizable benzotriazole (BTA) to corncob biochars pyrolyzed at different temperature (i.e., 300 oC, 500 oC and 800 oC) was investigated in this study. Biochars produced at higher temperature showed higher surface area, micropore volume and aromaticity. Consequently, the sorption of BTA changed from absorption to adsorption for biochars pyrolyzed at 300 oC and 800 oC, respectively. Solution pH affected speciation of BTA and surface charge properties of biochars. For BTA0, H-bond, partition and micropore filling are dominant sorption mechanisms. For BTA-, it is suggested that negative charge-assisted H-bond plays an important role in sorption. Corncob biochar pyrolyzed at high temperature (e.g., 800 oC) showed the highest sorption affinity for BTA. Ca2+ in solution enhanced BTA- and BTA0 sorption through cation-bridge and surface complexation. 相似文献
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生物炭对土壤理化性质影响的研究进展简 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Biochar is an organic material with high carbon content, most aromatic structure and great stability resulting from high temperature thermal conversion (usually < 700 ℃) of organic materials under the completely or in part anoxic condition. Due to its stable chemical properties, biochar has received widely attention as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, biochar shows great potential in soil improvement and environmental pollution remediation, and provides a comprehensive solution for the global climate change, food crisis and ecological pollution remediation. Biochar is a carbon rich material, in association with porous characteristics and high surface area which are favorable to accumulating soil moisture, to increasing the porosity, to reducing density and bulk density, and to promoting the formation of soil aggregation. All the above soil physical improvement can provide a good environment for the growth of plants. Furthermore, biochar is an ideal acidic soil amendment which can improve the pH of acidic soil. It contains nutrient element which can be directly released into soil, and its surface charge and functional groups are conducive to soil nutrient retention, such as the reduced leaching of NH+4 and NO-3, PO3-4, therefore improve the efficiency of nutrient elements. However, the effect of biochar amendments highly influenced by raw materials and pyrolysis conditions is of inconsistent and sometimes even contrast results can be concluded. In this paper, we summarize the current status and knowledge gaps about the effect of biochar amendments on soil physical and chemical properties and some suggestions are also strengthened. Finally, some possible negative impacts of biochar application and research suggestions are discussed in order to better use of biochar in agriculture. 相似文献
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The application of biochar (BC) as a soil amendment is of growing interest. BC has recently been shown to decelerate the cycling of soil organic N, and adsorption of proteins to BC surfaces has been put forward as an explanation. However, the effect of BC on the sorption of proteins in soil is largely unknown. The main objective of this study was therefore to test the sorption of a model protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA) on a soil amended with different types of BC. Contrary to our assumption, BC application reduced the sorption of BSA. The BC feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature affected BSA sorption; however, the underlying mechanisms require further investigation. BC-induced liming had no effect on BSA sorption, while BC’s hydrophobicity and surface area seemed to be important factors. 相似文献
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The oxidation of surface functional groups on biochar increases its reactivity and may contribute to the cation exchange capacity of soil. In this study, two Eucalyptus wood biochars, produced at 450 °C (B450) and 550 °C (B550), were incubated separately in each of the four contrasting soils for up to 2 years at 20 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C. Carbon functional groups of the light fraction (< 1.8 g/cm3) of the control and biochar amended soils (fresh and aged for 1 and 2 years at 20 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C) were investigated using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The spectra of biochar and light fractions of the control and biochar amended soils showed two distinct peaks at ∼285.1 eV and 288.5 eV, which were attributed to the C1s-π1CC transitions of aromatic C and C1s-π1CO transitions of carboxylic C, carboxyamide C and carbonyl C. The proportion of aromatic C was substantially greater in the light fraction of the biochar amended soils than the corresponding light fraction of the control soils. Also, the proportion of aromatic C was much higher in the light fraction of the B550 amended soils than in the corresponding B450 amended soils. Neither NEXAFS nor XPS results show any consistent change in the proportion of aromatic C of biochar amended soils after 1 year ageing. However, XPS analysis of hand-picked biochar samples showed an increase in the proportion of carboxyl groups after ageing for 2 years, with an average value of 8.9% in the 2 year aged samples compared with 3.0% in the original biochar and 6.4% in the control soil. Our data suggest that much longer ageing time will be needed for the development of a significant amount of carboxyl groups on biochar surfaces. 相似文献
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The aromatic carbon structure is a defining property of chars and is often expressed with the help of two concepts: (i) aromaticity and (ii) degree of aromatic condensation. The varying extent of these two features is assumed to largely determine the relatively high persistence of charred material in the environment and is thus of interest for, e.g., biochar characterization or carbon cycle studies. Consequently, a variety of methods has been used to assess the aromatic structure of chars, which has led to interesting insights but has complicated the comparison of data acquired with different methods. We therefore used a suite of seven methods (elemental analysis, MIR spectroscopy, NEXAFS spectroscopy, 13C NMR spectroscopy, BPCA analysis, lipid analysis and helium pycnometry) and compared 13 measurements from them using a diverse sample set of 38 laboratory chars. Our results demonstrate that most of the measurements could be categorized either into those which assess aromaticity or those which assess the degree of aromatic condensation. A variety of measurements, including relatively inexpensive and simple ones, reproducibly captured the two aromatic features in question, and data from different methods could therefore be compared. Moreover, general patterns between the two aromatic features and the pyrolysis conditions were revealed, supporting reconstruction of the highest heat treatment temperature (HTT) of char. 相似文献
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