1958—2017年太湖蒸发量年际变化趋势及主控因子     

荆思佳  肖薇  王晶苑  郑有飞  王伟  刘强  张圳  胡诚 《湖泊科学》2022,34(5):1697-1711

湖泊蒸发对气候变化非常敏感, 是水文循环响应气候变化的指示因子, 因此研究湖泊蒸发的控制因素, 对于理解区域水文循环有重要意义. 本文利用太湖中尺度涡度通量网避风港站观测数据校正JRA-55再分析资料, 驱动CLM4.0-LISSS模型, 并利用2012—2017年涡度相关通量数据和湖表面温度数据检验模型模拟蒸发结果, 验证了该模型在太湖的适用性; 估算了1958—2017年间太湖的湖面蒸发量, 并利用Manner-Kendall趋势检验分析了湖面蒸发的变化趋势, 寻找太湖实际蒸发的年际变化的主控因子. 结果如下: 校正后的JRA-55再分析资料模拟的太湖蒸发与观测值之间存在季节偏差, 但是季节偏差在年尺度上相互抵消, 再分析资料可用于年际尺度太湖蒸发变化的模拟; 1958—2017年间太湖蒸发量以1977年为界, 先下降(-3.6 mm/a), 后增加(2.3 mm/a); 多元逐步回归结果表明, 向下的短波辐射是太湖1958—2017年间太湖蒸发变化的主控因子, 向下的长波辐射、气温、比湿也对湖泊蒸发年际变化有一定影响, 但是风速对蒸发量的年际变化影响不大.  相似文献   

EFFECTS OF SPRING SOIL MOISTURE IN THE INDOCHINA PENINSULA ON SUMMER PRECIPITATION OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND ITS SURROUNDING AREAS: A SIMULATION STUDY FOR 1999     

李江南  游家兴  李芳洲  毛江玉 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(2):211-226

Using the regional climate model RegCM4.4.5, coupled with the land model CLM4.5, we investigated the effects of springtime soil moisture in the Indochina Peninsula on summer precipitation over the South China Sea and its surrounding areas in 1999. Results have indicated that there exists positive correlation between soil moisture and summer precipitation over the western Pacific Ocean and negative correlation between soil moisture and summer precipitation over the eastern Indian Ocean. Summer precipitation in the South China Sea and its surrounding areas responds to springtime soil moisture in the Indochina Peninsula (the northwest region is critical) because general atmospheric circulation is sensitive to the near-surface thermodynamic state. Increased (decreased) soil moisture would result in decreased (increased) local surface temperatures. Latitudinal, small-scale land–sea thermal differences would then result in northeasterly wind (southwesterly wind) anomalies in the upper layer and southwesterly wind (northeasterly wind) anomalies in the lower layer, which strengthen (weaken) monsoon development. As a result, precipitation would enter the Western Pacific region earlier (later), and water vapor over the eastern Indian Ocean would enter the South China Sea earlier (later), causing a precipitation reduction (increase) in the eastern Indian Ocean and increase (reduction) in the Western Pacific.  相似文献   

2017年南丹Ms4.0地震前后重力变化     

文翔  毕熙荣  覃坚  柴现凡  冯骢 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(4):344-350

利用广西及邻区2014~2017年流动重力观测资料，系统分析区域重力场变化及其与2017-07-15广西南丹MS4.0地震的关系，并结合GPS观测数据与地震地质调查成果，探讨区域重力场变化的时空分布特征及机理。结果表明：1）南丹M_S4.0地震前后，震区附近重力异常变化与主干断裂关系密切，反映沿控震断裂在2014~2017年间发生了引起地表重力变化效应的地壳变形和构造活动；2）差分重力图像表明，南丹M_S4.0地震前重力变化为“局部重力异常→四象限重力异常→重力反向变化发震”的过程；3）重力变化与GPS 观测反映的水平运动表明，南丹M_S4.0地震位于重力四象限分布中心部位及面压缩峰值附近，证明重力场和形变场动态变化对中强地震地点预测具有指示意义；4）天峨-南丹-环江一带是重力变化最剧烈地区，亦是水平形变面压缩过渡带，同时位于莫霍面等深线强烈变化地段、M_L3.0地震围空区、沿主断裂存在的低b值异常区。结合地震活动图像、定点前兆观测异常综合分析认为，该地区仍存在发生中强地震的可能。  相似文献   

陇中黄土高原LAS在非均匀下垫面的观测优势及其在区域陆面模式验证中的初步应用     

郝小翠  张强  杨泽粟  黄菁 《冰川冻土》2017,39(5):1057-1064

目前通用的通量观测技术涡动相关仪(EC)在区域陆面模式验证中存在能量不闭合和空间代表性有限的问题,寻求改进EC观测热通量的新技术是提高陆面模式验证效果的关键环节,大孔径闪烁仪(LAS)的出现有效改善了这一现状。基于黄土高原定西站2010年1月和6月的同步综合观测资料以及目前比较有代表性的陆面过程模式CLM的模拟数据,分析研究了LAS对EC观测地表能量不平衡问题的改进以及LAS对EC在区域陆面模式验证中的提高,结果表明:LAS可有效解决EC观测存在的地表能量不平衡问题,提高EC的地表能量闭合度,在非均匀下垫面LAS观测优势突出;利用LAS观测的感热通量进行区域陆面模式的验证,能够很大程度地避免EC能量不闭合和空间尺度不匹配在验证中造成的偏差,LAS观测更适合于大尺度模拟的验证,验证效果更好。  相似文献   

Prediction of railway ground vibrations: Accuracy of a coupled lumped mass model for representing the track/soil interaction     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

Recent advances in railway-induced ground vibrations showed that the track/soil interaction plays an important role in the low frequency range. This paper contributes to the numerical analysis of train/track/foundation dynamics by presenting the accuracy of a coupled lumped mass (CLM) model devoted to the railway foundations and to the track/soil coupling. Following a summary of the background and the advantages of the CLM model, the coupling strategy is quantified through two application cases. Firstly, the dynamic track deflection is calculated for different railway lines considering various degrees of complexities of foundations. Then, the foundation responses are compared depending on whether detailed coupling is introduced or not. The benefit of the proposed model is emphasized by presenting free-field ground vibration responses generated by a tram and a high-speed train, obtained by a revisited two-step prediction model developed by the authors.  相似文献   

基于家庭的购物行为时、空间 决策模型及其应用   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

张文佳  柴彦威 《地理研究》2010,29(2):338-350

基于家庭的购物行为决策的概念模型,利用2007年北京市活动日志调查的第一手数据,建立购物出发时间决策和购物目的地决策的条件Logit模型,并探讨其在相关政策评估和预测上的应用。结果发现:家庭内部相互作用和决策层面要素对购物时、空间决策的影响比较显著;早晚高峰出行的人群具有不同的社会经济属性和购物行为属性;居民休息日的购物活动集中在离家6km以内或者高密度的商业中心;影响购物目的地选择的因素更多是购物地距离,而非商业密度。通过模拟发现,土地混合利用的政策可能会增加高峰期的交通拥挤程度,而商业设施分散布局可能更有利于城市交通状况的改善和居民日常生活质量的提升。  相似文献   

用CSR4.0+CS模型计算海潮负荷改正   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王文利  董鸿闻 《大地测量与地球动力学》2003,23(4):70-74

介绍了CSR3．0与CSR4．0 CS海潮模型，并对两模型进行了分析和实算比较，认为CSR4．0 CS比CSR3．0海潮模型精度更高，在计算中国测站海潮改正时，顾及中国近海海潮图是必要的。对我国第二期水准路线用CSR4．0 CS模型计算了海潮负荷改正，结果表明：海潮负荷对高精度水准测量的影响，主要取决于水准路线的近海位置，越是近海地区越明显；在近海区域，这项改正不能忽略。  相似文献   

地质地球化学图解的计算机绘图系统   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

吕志成  郝立波 《地质与勘探》1998,34(6):37-39

根据目前国内外发表的常用地质地球化学图解特征,研制了一套容纳１５０多幅常用地质地球化学图解的绘图系统。系统界面友好,操作方面,适用性极强,具有可扩充性。  相似文献   

陆面过程中稳定水同位素逐日变化的数学模拟——引入稳定同位素效应的CLM实例分析     

章新平  王晓云  牛国跃  杨宗良  黄一民  张剑明 《冰川冻土》2008,30(1):100-107

将稳定同位素效应引入CLM(Community Land Model),并对巴西马瑙斯站在平衡年的稳定水同位素的逐日变化进行模拟和分析.结果表明: 降水、水汽和地表径流中δ18O存在明显的季节变化,并与相应的水量存在显著的负相关关系,但凝结物中δ18O与地面凝结量存在显著的正相关关系,蒸发水汽中δ18O与蒸发量之间无显著的相关关系.受土壤贮水削峰功能的影响,表层土壤和根区水中δ18O的季节变化全无.植被层蒸发水汽中稳定同位素的丰度与大气的干湿程度存在密切联系: 当降水量少时,大气干燥,植被层的蒸发较少,植被蒸发中δ18O较高;当降水量较大时,空气湿润,植被层的蒸发量较大,蒸发中δ18O则较低.植被蒸腾中δ18O的变化与源区水体中δ18O的变化保持一致,尤其是与根区水中的δ18O.由于地下径流直接源自根区水的补充,因此,地下径流中δ18O等于根区水中的δ18O.模拟结果还显示,降水MWL (大气水线)的梯度项和常数项均比全球平均MWL略偏小.尽管主要来自降水的贡献,但地表径流和植被层水体的MWLs与降水MWL存在较大的差异,这一方面与两类水体在蒸发过程中的稳定同位素的富集作用有关,另一方面与CLM模拟的水量有关.大气水汽线与降水的MWL的梯度值相近,说明大气水汽与降水近似处于稳定同位素平衡状态.另外,模拟的地面的凝结线与植被层的凝结线均与全球大气水线相近,且具有非常高相关程度,说明CLM的模拟是合理的.  相似文献   

Phase transition of the Pacific decadal oscillation and decadal variation of the East Asian summer monsoon in the 20th century   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xiao Dong  Feng Xue 《大气科学进展》2016,33(3):330-338

This paper focuses on the relationship between the phase transition of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and decadal variation of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) in the twentieth century. The first transition occurred in the 1940s, with an enhanced SST in the North Pacific and reduced SST in the tropical eastern Pacific and South Indian Ocean. In agreement with these SST changes, a higher SLP was found in most parts of the Pacific, while a lower SLP was found in the North Pacific and most parts of the Indian Ocean. In this case, the EASM was largely enhanced with a southerly anomaly in the lower troposphere along the east coast of China. Correspondingly, there was less rainfall in the Yangtze River valley and more rainfall in northern and southern China. An opposite change was found when the PDO reversed its phase in the late 1970s. In the tropical Indian Ocean and western Pacific, however, the SST was enhanced in both the 1940s and 1970s. As a result, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) tended to extend westward with a larger magnitude in the 1970s. The major features were reasonably reproduced by an atmospheric general circulation model (IAP AGCM4.0) prescribed with observed SST and sea ice. On the other hand, the westward extension of the WPSH was exaggerated in the 1970s, while it was underestimated in the 1940s. Besides, the spatial pattern of the simulated summer rainfall in eastern China tended to shift southward compared with the observation.  相似文献