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Tadesse Dejenie Steven A.J. Declerck Tsehaye AsmelashSarah Risch Joachim Mergeay Tom De BieLuc De Meester 《Limnologica》2012,42(2):137-143
A field survey of zooplankton communities was carried out in 32 recently established tropical semi-arid reservoirs in the highlands of Northern Ethiopia with the aim to identify to what extent environmental factors determine species composition of the cladoceran community in such isolated and young reservoirs. To address seasonal variation, the survey was carried out both at the beginning and the end of the dry season. A total of 15 species of cladocerans were identified. Daphnia was the most abundant cladoceran genus, and was present in all reservoirs. Using presence-absence data, no association between cladoceran community composition and geographic distance was found. RDA results indicate that the set of environmental variables that explained cladoceran community composition differed among seasons. Depth, altitude and fish biomass showed a significant association with cladoceran community composition during the wet season, whereas variation in cladoceran community structure was associated with phytoplankton biomass in the dry season. The relative abundance of Daphnia was much higher in the pelagic than in the littoral zone of our study systems. Two key groups of pelagic filter-feeding cladocerans, Diaphanosoma and Daphnia, showed a clear pattern, in which one or the other tended to strongly dominate the community. In addition, we observed a negative association between dominance of Daphnia in the zooplankton community and dominance of cyanobacteria in the phytoplankton community. 相似文献
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Seasonal and inter-annual zooplankton dynamics in temporary pools with different hydroperiods 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The results of a research carried out in 2001 on nine temporary mountain pools (Northern Apennines, Italy) underlined a major role of hydroperiod in shaping zooplankton communities of temporary habitats. In 2002, the same pools were studied to assess inter-annual differences in zooplankton seasonal patterns. Data on precipitations (both snow and rainfalls) were collected to evaluate the influence of precipitation regimes on hydroperiod and concurrently on hydrochemical features and zooplankton dynamics.Mean annual snow and rainfall abundances were highly similar in both years but precipitation patterns were different. Moreover, different air temperatures were measured in the 2 years of study. These factors influenced water persistence and dry and wet cycles in the pools: in 2001, three pools dried out in summer and remained dry until autumn rainfalls (type A pools), in five pools (type B pools) the summer dry period was interrupted by re-filling due to storms in July and only in one pool water did remain for the entire research period (C1). In 2002, type A and B pools underwent only one dry phase (June–July) while C1 showed a hydroperiod similar to the one that occurred in the previous year. Overall, type A and B pools can be classified as ‘seasonal’ and C1 as ‘near-permanent or permanent’.Principal component analysis and paired t-tests did not show significant differences between years in the hydrochemical features of the pools. However, the seasonal pools showed a wide range of variation in their hydrochemical parameters while water features of the permanent pool presented less variability.Within the pools, divergences in the number and in the type of zooplankton taxa between the 2 years were limited. Rotifer and copepod density of the seasonal pools were comparable over years and only cladocerans exhibited distinct density dynamics. Cladoceran appeared to be associated with ionic content and influenced by the occurrence of ice-melting and by the wet phase length of the pools.On the contrary, the permanent pool showed diverse zooplankton seasonal patterns in 2001 compared to 2002. Over years, different pH values were measured; pH and conductivity varied with changing water volume, which in turn explained a significant amount of the observed variation in zooplankton densities in 2002. 相似文献
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徐家河水库枝角类优势种群与近太湖新银鱼关系的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于 1 995年 6月— 1 997年 1 2月 ,对徐家河水库枝角类优势种群的密度和近太湖新银鱼 (Neosalanxpseudotaihuensis)的生物量 (单位努力量渔获量 )进行了初步调查 ,以期研究银鱼与浮游动物的关系。结果表明 ,在 1 995年银鱼的生物量较高时 ,透明薄皮 (Leptodorakindti)、盔形 (Daphniagaleata)和模糊秀体 (Diaphanosomadubia)等大型枝角类的密度较低 ;在 1 997年银鱼的生物量较低时 ,这三种枝角类的密度则较高。而象鼻 (Bosminaspp )这样的小型枝角类恰恰相反 ,当银鱼的生物量较高时 ,其密度较高 ;反之 ,其密度较低。表明银鱼可以对枝角类产生显著的影响 相似文献
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竞争是调控水体浮游动物群落结构的生物因素之一.根据"大小效率假说"，大型滤食性枝角类对小型枝角类有竞争优势.然而，大型滤食性枝角类体内磷含量通常高于小型枝角类，生长比小型枝角类更容易受食物磷缺乏的影响，食物的磷缺乏可能会改变大型枝角类和小型枝角类之间的竞争结果.本研究比较分析了食物碳磷比对两种常见枝角类（盔型溞（Daphnia galeata）和脆弱象鼻溞（Bosmina fatalis））的种群增长率、种群密度及种间竞争关系的影响.实验设计了3个食物质量处理组：高磷（碳：磷=105）、中磷（碳：磷=740）和低磷（碳：磷=2400），食物浓度均为2 mg C/L蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa）；针对每一个食物质量处理组，盔型溞和脆弱象鼻溞分别单独培养或混合培养.盔型溞和脆弱象鼻溞平均最大种群密度分别为378~893和364~2399 ind./L；平均种群增长率分别为0.11~0.14和0.09~0.16 d-1；平均体长分别为1.53~2.50和0.25~0.35 mm.种群增长率和体长均随着食物碳磷比的升高而显著下降，而最大种群密度在中磷处理组显著高于其它两个处理组.盔型溞种群增长率在单独培养和混合培养间无显著差异；脆弱象鼻溞种群增长率在混合培养时显著低于单独培养时.在高磷和中磷处理组，盔型溞最大种群密度在单独培养和混合培养间无显著差异，在低磷处理组，混合培养时最大种群密度显著低于单独培养时；在高磷处理组，脆弱象鼻溞最大种群密度在单独培养和混合培养间无显著差异，在中磷和低磷处理组，混合培养时显著低于单独培养时.结果表明，在食物碳不缺条件下，不管食物磷是否缺乏，盔型溞均比脆弱象鼻溞有竞争优势. 相似文献
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枝角类体内氮磷比与生活史策略的选择密切相关，大型枝角类通常体内含磷量高、个体生长快、生殖率高，而小型枝角类体内含磷量低，个体生长相对较慢、生殖率低.由于大型枝角类对磷的需求比较高，我们假设大型枝角类生活史各参数对食物磷缺乏比小型枝角类更为敏感.本研究比较分析了食物碳磷比对流溪河水库两种枝角类（盔型溞（Daphnia galeata）和脆弱象鼻溞（Bosmina fatalis））生活史各参数的影响.实验设计了3个食物质量处理组：高磷（碳：磷=105）、中磷（400）和低磷（1450），食物浓度均为2 mg C/L的蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa）.脆弱象鼻溞内禀增长率、幼溞生长速率、平均每窝产仔量和首次生殖时体长均随着食物碳磷比的升高而显著下降；首次生殖时间则随着食物碳磷比的升高而显著延长；新生幼溞体长在各食物处理中无显著差异.盔型溞幼溞生长速率、平均每窝产仔量和首次生殖时体长均随着食物碳磷比的升高而显著下降；内禀增长率和新生幼溞体长在高磷处理组显著高于中磷和低磷处理组，但在中磷和低磷处理组无显著差异；首次生殖时间在高磷处理组显著短于中磷和低磷处理组，但在中磷和低磷处理组无显著差异.结果表明，食物的磷缺乏降低了两种枝角类的内禀增长率和幼溞生长速率，并延长了性成熟时间；盔型溞的内禀增长率、首次生殖时间和平均每窝产仔量等生活史参数受食物磷限制的程度小于脆弱象鼻溞，导致盔型溞对脆弱象鼻溞有竞争优势. 相似文献
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European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) is a dominant zooplanktivorous fish in many praealpine lakes and of great commercial interest. Estimation of prey consumed by European whitefish is essential for the prediction of top down effects in the pelagic zone. Whitefish is known to feed selectively on cladocerans. Quantitative estimates of prey consumed by whitefish are often not easy to get because stomachs frequently contain only degraded fragments of already digested prey. In this study stomach contents of European whitefish which were composed of digested, degraded prey were analyzed. Daphnid prey could be quantified by the number of mandibles divided by two, the number of head capsules and abdomina present. Predatory cladocerans could be quantified by the number of mandibles divided by two and the number of tail appendages present. For stomachs which contained heavily digested fragments counting the mandibles proved to be a useful and sometimes the only applicable means to quantify prey items. Other body parts, like structured legs which were broken into many pieces, were unsuited to quantify prey items. 相似文献
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Emma L. Bredesen Darren G. Bos Kathleen R. Laird Brian F. Cumming 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2002,28(4):389-402
To investigate the impact of forest harvesting on lake ecosystems, six lakes (four impact, two reference) from central British Columbia, Canada were assessed using cladoceran remains preserved in the lake sediment cores. Two temporal resolutions were analyzed: a decadal scale for the past 70 years, and a high-resolution scale (2 year intervals for ten years before and after harvesting). Three lakes which experienced forestry activity in their watersheds in the early 1960s, and one lake which experienced forestry activityin the mid 1970s, showed subtle but statistically significant changes in cladoceran species composition following forest harvesting (analysis of similarity tests) at the decadal scale, whereas only two of these lakes showed significant changes at the higher resolution. These changes may be due to increased nutrient levels that might be associated with forest harvesting. The two reference lakes, which had not experienced any known large-scale anthropogenic watershed disturbances in the past century, showed no significant shifts in the cladoceran species assemblages at either temporal scale. 相似文献
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During recent years, numerous studies dealing with Holocene lake level fluctuations have been conducted in Finnish Lapland. However, no quantification of lake level variations exists to date. Here, we applied a recently developed modern cladocera – lake depth transfer model to subfossil cladocerans analysed from three small and shallow (< 6 m) kettle-hole lakes in northwestern Finnish Lapland to provide estimates of the amplitudes of long-term lake-level changes in the region. The quantitative inferences were compared to pollen, charcoal and geochemical records from one of the study sites. The lake levels were inferred to be high during the early Holocene; they faced marked reduction up to 4–6 m in the mid-Holocene (≈7000–4000 cal yr BP), and rose again during the latter part of the Holocene. There is some indication of lowered lake levels around 1500 cal yr BP, but interpretation of such small-scale changes is hazardous due to large prediction errors in the initial cladoceran model. The overall pattern of the Holocene lake level variation generally followed the regional changes in climate humidity as reconstructed in previous studies by means of other sedimentary proxy indicators, such as pollen and oxygen isotopic compositions. We postulate that changes in winter precipitation may have had a greater influence on lake-levels than variations in summer precipitation or evaporation. 相似文献
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Michail I. Gladyshev Vitaliy P. Semenchenko Olga P. Dubovskaya Elena B. Fefilova Olesia N. Makhutova Zhanna F. Buseva Nadezhda N. Sushchik Vladimir I. Razlutskij Ekaterina V. Lepskaya Mariya A. Baturina Galina S. Kalachova Olga N. Kononova 《Limnologica》2011,41(4):339-347
In 11 lakes from cold and warm regions we studied the content of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in seston (<130 μm) and crustacean zooplankton using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. An increase of temperature correlated with a decrease of HUFA content in zooplankton. A multivariate canonical correlation analyses revealed, that the decrease of HUFA content was related with a decrease of per cent of copepods in zooplankton communities, which are known to have higher HUFA levels in their biomass, than cladocerans. This means that temperature primarily affected the HUFA levels indirectly, via changing of taxonomic structure of zooplankton community, while the homeoviscous adaptation of zooplankton individuals had comparatively lower importance. As found, water temperature was better predictor of HUFA contents of zooplankton, than the fatty acid composition of seston. Thus, it can be predicted, that a probable climate warming will decrease the content of the essential HUFA in freshwater zooplankton with possible negative consequences for animals of higher trophic levels. 相似文献
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