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排序方式: 共有948条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
已发现的恐龙化石大多数埋藏在不同深度的地层中,不同埋深化石所受风化破坏程度不尽相同。为深入研究恐龙化石的风化机理,探究恐龙化石的保护措施和方法,重点分析埋深产生的侧向压力对恐龙化石强度和破坏特性的影响。通过有限差分软件FLAC3D进行数值模拟,揭示埋深因素对恐龙化石保存的影响程度。试验结果表明:围岩对恐龙化石施加的侧向压力是影响恐龙化石变形和强度特性的一个重要因素。在弹性变形阶段,恐龙化石的初始强度、峰值强度随侧向压力的增大而不断增大。当应力超过了恐龙化石极限强度后进入塑性变形,其初始强度、峰值强度逐渐减小,最终达到残余强度。  相似文献   
2.
The ability of discrete element models to describe quantitatively (and not only qualitatively) the constitutive behaviour of a dense sand is assessed in this paper. Two kinds of 3D discrete models are considered. Both consider spheres as elementary particles. Nevertheless, the first model implements a contact law with rolling resistance whereas the second takes into account clumps made of two spheres. The discrete models are calibrated and validated from mechanical tests performed on a dense Hostun sand with a true triaxial apparatus. The calibration is carried out from axisymmetric drained compression tests, while the validation is discussed from monotonic and cyclic stress proportional loading paths and from a circular stress path in the deviatoric stress plane. The quality of the predictions of the discrete models are evaluated by comparison with the predictions given with advanced phenomenological constitutive relations, mainly an incrementally non-linear relation. Predictions given by the discrete models are remarkable, particularly when it is put in perspective with respect to the very few number of mechanical tests required for their calibration. However, these results and conclusions were reached in enabling conditions, and some limitations of such discrete models should be kept in mind.  相似文献   
3.
Pile foundations that support transmission towers or offshore structures are dominantly subjected to cyclic lateral load induced by wind and waves. For a successful design, it is crucial to investigate the effect of cyclic lateral loads on the pile behavior that is loaded laterally. Although the py curve method is generally utilized to design the cyclic laterally loaded pile foundations, the effect of cyclic lateral loads on the pile has not been properly implemented with the py curve. This reflects a lack of consideration of the overall stiffness change in soil–pile interaction. To address this, a series of model pile tests were conducted in this study on a preinstalled aluminum flexible pile under various sandy soil conditions. The test results were used to investigate the effect of cyclic lateral loads on the py behavior. The cyclic py curve, which properly takes into account this effect, was developed as a hyperbolic function. Pseudo-static analysis was also conducted with the proposed cyclic py curve, which showed that it was able to properly simulate cyclic laterally loaded pile behavior in sandy soil.  相似文献   
4.
为了研究近代海相沉积软土的变形特征,本文对珠江三角洲河口地区的全新世海相沉积的软土进行了室内单轴压缩与不同围压下作用下的三轴固结不排水(CU)、不固结不排水(UU)的剪切试验。试验结果表明:原状土和重塑土样的孔隙比随压力的增大而下降,且与加压方式有密切关系,加压幅度越小,土的扰动破坏越小;原状土样固结系数随着压力增加而递减,整体近似符合指数函数分布,重塑土样固结系数随着压力增加逐渐增大,整体近似符合线性函数分布。在相同的固结压力下,原状土样的强度低于重塑土样的强度。土样的应力应变曲线为应变硬化型,且围压对重塑土的影响小于原状土。  相似文献   
5.
Lateral cyclic load tests were performed on an aluminum model pile in dry sand. Two levels of loading were adopted to represent different service load conditions. The maximum number of loading cycles was 1,000. From the test results, it was found that the even though in the service load condition, the pile response was still affected by cyclic effects and a larger load level would produce more significant influence. In a global point of view, the lateral displacement and maximum moment increased with loading cycles, while the secant stiffness within a cycle decreased with cycles. The cyclic effect was more significant on the lateral displacement than on the moment. In a local point of view, cyclic loading would degrade the equivalent subgrade stiffness for the soil shallower than about seven times diameter. In addition, the secant subgrade stiffness within a cycle increased with loading cycles. Some experimental relationships of lateral pile response and loading cycles were built and compared with those in the literature.  相似文献   
6.
Difficulties are involved in discrete element method (DEM) modelling of the flexible boundary, that is, the membranes covering the soil sample, which can be commonly found in contemporary laboratory soil tests. In this paper, a novel method is proposed wherein the finite difference method (FDM) and DEM are coupled to simulate the rubber membrane and soil body, respectively. Numerical plane strain and triaxial tests, served by the flexible membrane, are implemented and analysed later. The effect of the membrane modulus on the measurement accuracy is considered, with analytical formulae derived to judge the significance of this effect. Based on an analysis of stress-strain responses and the grain rotation field, the mechanical performances produced by the flexible and rigid lateral boundaries are compared for the plane strain test. The results show that (1) the effect of the membrane on the test result becomes more significant at larger strain level because the membrane applies additional lateral confining pressure to the soil body; (2) the tested models reproduce typical stress and volumetric paths for specimens with shear bands; (3) for the plane strain test, the rigid lateral boundary derives a much higher peak strength and larger bulk dilatation, but a similar residual strength, compared with the flexible boundary. The latter produces a more uniform (or ‘diffuse') rotation field and more mobilised local kinematics than does the former. All simulations show that the proposed FDM-DEM coupling method is able to simulate laboratory tests with a flexible boundary membrane.  相似文献   
7.
周翠英  梁宁  刘镇 《岩土力学》2019,40(Z1):21-31
基于不同围压条件下的红砂岩三轴压缩试验结果,采用数字图像相关技术对岩样外表面破坏形态进行全程观测,获得不同阶段岩样外表面破坏图像,分别对岩样破坏后阶段的图像进行分析。通过分形盒维数表征岩样外表面裂纹的变化情况,发现岩样破坏越严重,裂纹分形维数越高,且在最后破坏阶段裂纹分形维数出现突变,揭示岩样的破坏特征。引入级联失效数学模型,结合红层软岩内部的矿物成分与细观结构分布特点,概化出其结构的随机连接模型与破坏方式,分析红层软岩加载作用下的内部节点颗粒“容量-荷载”重分配原则以及节点颗粒失效后其初始荷载传递路径。结果表明,红层软岩在受载时为一个级联失效的分阶段破坏过程,级联因子通过级联路径不断传播、增多,级联失效越发明显,同时结合岩石破坏的变形损伤过程与其轴向应力-应变曲线分段特征,揭示该类岩石破坏的级联失效分级标准,为拓展该领域的研究具备一定的参考价值。  相似文献   
8.
为研究北部湾地区海砂填料的动力特性,采用高级动态三轴测试系统开展循环荷载下的动三轴试验,研究不同围压及不同动应力幅值对海砂动力特性的影响规律。试验结果表明:轴向累计应变随围压增加而减小,围压150 kPa时振次10 000后应变仅为3%;随着动应力幅值的增大轴向累积应变随之增大,且达到破坏标准的时间越短。动弹性模量随着动应力幅值和围压的增加而增大,不同围压下动弹性模量随动应变的增加出现先骤减再略减后稳定的发展趋势,εd>0.3%后开始趋于稳定;不同动应力幅值下动弹性模量出现先增后减直至稳定的趋势,其中动应力幅值对动弹性模量有明显的影响,围压影响相对较小。孔压比随动应力幅值增加而减小,随围压增加而增加。  相似文献   
9.
ABSTRACT

Micaceous soil is believed to be detrimental for civil engineering constructions due to the effect of high compressibility, low compacted density and low shear strength. Individual mica particle has numerous intact mica flakes foliated over each other making it flexible upon loading and rebound upon unloading due to its low hardness and resilient nature. Hence, micaceous soils with mica content more than 10% are considered undesirable for highway pavements, embankments and railway track constructions. When platy mica particles are sufficiently numerous to interact with spherical sand particles, bridging and ordering phenomena are augmented within the soil mass creating unique sand-mica particle orientation (MS microstructure) unlike sand-sand particle orientation (PS microstructure). The current experimental research was conducted to evaluate the variation in stress–strain, pore pressure and effective stress path response of Sabarmati sand under the influence of mica (sand with 30% mica and pure sand) with MS and PS microstructure respectively. Effect of particle crushing on stress–strain and pore pressure response was also studied on Sabarmati sand with MS and PS microstructure. Distinctive macroscopic response was observed in Sabarmati sand with MS microstructure under the influence of mica as well as mica particle crushing.  相似文献   
10.
利用工业废料改良土体性能不仅具有实用价值而且能够保护环境。采用室内土工试验及SEM试验,针对木质素纤维加筋红黏土的效果,以及木质素纤维掺量对红黏土强度及变形特性的影响规律和作用机理进行研究。试验结果表明:木质素红粘土压缩模量随着纤维掺量的增加先增加后减小,2%纤维掺量时,模量最高;不同木质素掺量红粘土的内摩擦角基本保持不变;红黏土黏聚力随木质素掺量的增加先减小后增大再减小。2%是纤维最优掺量,土体黏聚力出现最大值;在三轴实验中,加筋红黏土试样均发生鼓胀变形,没有明显的破裂面,具有典型的应变硬化特征。研究结果表明木质素纤维能一定程度提高红粘土的强度,提升红粘土的工程应用价值。   相似文献   
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