Seismic ground-roll noise attenuation using deep learning     

Harpreet Kaur  Sergey Fomel  Nam Pham 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(7):2064-2077

We propose to adopt a deep learning based framework using generative adversarial networks for ground-roll attenuation in land seismic data. Accounting for the non-stationary properties of seismic data and the associated ground-roll noise, we create training labels using local time–frequency transform and regularized non-stationary regression. The basic idea is to train the network using a few shot gathers such that the network can learn the weights associated with noise attenuation for the training shot gathers. We then apply the learned weights to test ground-roll attenuation on shot gathers, that are not a part of training input to obtain the desired signal. This approach gives results similar to local time–frequency transform and regularized non-stationary regression but at a significantly reduced computational cost. The proposed approach automates the ground-roll attenuation process without requiring any manual input in picking the parameters for each shot gather other than in the training data. Tests on field-data examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.  相似文献   

基于像元二分模型的地表植被覆盖度估算模块化设计与实现     

赵威成  张红华  马福义  叶欣 《北京测绘》2020,(3):285-288

地表植被覆盖度是的一种应用广泛的定量遥感产品,在水文、生态、区域变化等方面都具有重要的意义。像元二分模型是应用最多的一种遥感估算地表覆盖度的方法。目前,用遥感的方法进行地表植被覆盖度估算没有完整、系统的工具,用户只能逐步进行操作,效率低下,鉴于上述情况,本文运用IDL交互式数据语言,基于ENVI二次开发了一个植被覆盖度估算程序,取得了一定的成效,对遥感定量产品的生产、应用具有一定意义。  相似文献   

基于Android平台的分布式无线微震采集站布站与监控软件研究与实现     

刘诗扬  张启升  张启卯  乔帅卿  晏使楚  李文豪  郭丰  汪永青  衡星  柯振  张璇 《地球物理学进展》2020,(1):331-338

由于地震勘探仪器呈现小型化、无线化、智能化发展趋势,传统操作平台无法满足便携式勘探仪器使用需要.因此本文利用Android移动设备便携性、普及性高,用户基础好的特点,实现了基于Android平台的无线微震采集站布站与监控软件.该软件在大范围野外施工中,为施工人员提供包括定位、测距、测角、网络监测等全程可视化布站功能,同时提供监测施工中小型、大型微震采集站阵列实时网络情况,以及采集站状态的智能控制、数据实时监控等功能.经过施工测试,软件稳定性好、便携性高,极大提高野外施工效率.  相似文献   

Research note: deblended-data reconstruction using generalized blending and deblending models     

Tomohide Ishiyama  Mohammed Y. Ali  Satoshi Ishikawa  Gerrit Blacquiere  Shotaro Nakayama 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(7):1852-1866

We introduce a concept of generalized blending and deblending, develop its models and accordingly establish a method of deblended-data reconstruction using these models. The generalized models can handle real situations by including random encoding into the generalized operators both in the space and time domain, and both at the source and receiver side. We consider an iterative optimization scheme using a closed-loop approach with the generalized blending and deblending models, in which the former works for the forward modelling and the latter for the inverse modelling in the closed loop. We applied our method to existing real data acquired in Abu Dhabi. The results show that our method succeeded to fully reconstruct deblended data even from the fully generalized, thus quite complicated blended data. We discuss the complexity of blending properties on the deblending performance. In addition, we discuss the applicability to time-lapse seismic monitoring as it ensures high repeatability of the surveys. Conclusively, we should acquire blended data and reconstruct deblended data without serious problems but with the benefit of blended acquisition.  相似文献   

强震动记录H/V谱比法计算处理的若干关键环节     

姚鑫鑫  任叶飞  温瑞智  戴嘉伟 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(4):719-730

强震动记录H/V谱比法自提出以来，已广泛应用于地震工程各研究领域中。但对数据处理的2个关键环节——Taper预处理及傅氏谱平滑未有详细研究。因此，本文针对强震动记录H/V谱比法计算涉及的重要数据处理过程，对四川地区19个强震动台站在汶川地震余震中获取的642组强震动记录开展研究。研究实例表明:S波H/V谱比振幅在周期 < 1s时高于全时程，论证计算H/V谱比时截取S波窗口的必要性；S波窗口的截断会引起傅里叶振幅谱的边瓣效应，若不加以处理，将显著影响低频部分H/V谱比结果，Taper预处理对于消除这种截断误差具有良好效果；在兼顾平滑效果及卓越周期识别准确度的基础上，通过不同带宽的Parzen窗试算，认为0.5Hz带宽宜用于傅里叶H/V谱比曲线平滑。  相似文献   

VIIRS/DNB夜间灯光月度产品插补方法对比——以北京为例     

陈慕琳  蔡红艳 《地理科学进展》2019,38(1):126-138

新一代VIIRS/DNB(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day/Night Band)夜间灯光数据因其具备更精细的时空分辨率、数据不存在饱和现象、不同年份数据可比性强等优点而迅速代替DMSP/OLS(Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System)夜间灯光数据成为新的研究热点。但由于杂散光的污染,VIIRS/DNB夏季数据数值缺失严重,致使数据在空间和时间上不连续,因此,插补缺失数据成为后续应用的前提。鉴于此,论文从插补结果异常值、与参照值对比、计算性能三个方面,系统比较了三次样条插值(样条)、三次Hermite插值(Hermite)、灰色预测模型(GM)、三次指数平滑法(指数)4种插补方法的适用性,以期为插补VIIRS/DNB夜间灯光数据提供方法选择的依据。研究结果表明：①异常值比较方面,Hermite法未出现异常值,另外3种算法仅出现少量异常值(0.02%~1.34%);②与参照值的对比方面,Hermite法与参考值接近程度最高,GM接近程度最低,样条法和指数法介于两者中间;③算法性能比较方面,4种方法都具备计算简单、容易编程的特点,但指数法的算法时长是另外3种方法的10倍以上。因此,综合多方表现,当插补月份前后两侧均有足够长的原始数据时,插补效果好、计算速度快、不会出现过冲现象的Hermite法最适宜,样条法次之;当插补月份仅单侧有足够长的数据时,适宜采用指数法(插补效果好、计算速度较慢)或GM(插补效果偏低、计算速度快)进行插补。  相似文献   

Petrophysics and mineral exploration: a workflow for data analysis and a new interpretation framework     

Michael Dentith  Randolph J. Enkin  William Morris  Cameron Adams  Barry Bourne 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(1):178-199

As mineral exploration seeks deeper targets, there will be a greater reliance on geophysical data and a better understanding of the geological meaning of the responses will be required, and this must be achieved with less geological control from drilling. Also, exploring based on the mineral system concept requires particular understanding of geophysical responses associated with altered rocks. Where petrophysical datasets of adequate sample size and measurement quality are available, physical properties show complex variations, reflecting the combined effects of various geological processes. Large datasets, analysed as populations, are required to understand the variations. We recommend the display of petrophysical data as frequency histograms because the nature of the data distribution is easily seen with this form of display. A petrophysical dataset commonly contains a combination of overlapping sub-populations, influenced by different geological factors. To understand the geological controls on physical properties in hard rock environments, it is necessary to analyse the petrophysical data not only in terms of the properties of different rock types. It is also necessary to consider the effects of processes such as alteration, weathering, metamorphism and strain, and variables such as porosity and stratigraphy. To address this complexity requires that much more supporting geological information be acquired than in current practice. The widespread availability of field portable instruments means quantitative geochemical and mineralogical data can now be readily acquired, making it unnecessary to rely primarily on categorical rock classification schemes. The petrophysical data can be combined with geochemical, petrological and mineralogical data to derive explanations for observed physical property variations based not only on rigorous rock classification methods, but also in combination with quantitative estimates of alteration and weathering. To understand how geological processes will affect different physical properties, it is useful to define three end-member forms of behaviour. Bulk behaviour depends on the physical properties of the dominant mineral components. Density and, to a lesser extent, seismic velocity show such behaviour. Grain and texture behaviour occur when minor components of the rock are the dominate controls on its physical properties. Grain size and shape control grain properties, and for texture properties the relative positions of these grains are also important. Magnetic and electrical properties behave in this fashion. Thinking in terms of how geological processes change the key characteristics of the major and minor mineralogical components allows the resulting changes in physical properties to be understood and anticipated.  相似文献   

Prestack data enhancement with phase corrections in time-frequency domain guided by local multidimensional stacking     

Andrey Bakulin  Dmitri Neklyudov  Ilya Silvestrov 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(6):1811-1818

We present a new approach to enhancing weak prestack reflection signals without sacrificing higher frequencies. As a first step, we employ known multidimensional local stacking to obtain an approximate ‘model of the signal’. Guided by phase spectra from this model, we can detect very weak signals and make them visible and coherent by ‘repairing’ corrupted phase of original data. Both presented approaches – phase substitution and phase sign corrections – show good performance on complex synthetic and field data suffering from severe near-surface scattering where conventional processing methods are rendered ineffective. The methods are mathematically formulated as a special case of time-frequency masking (common in speech processing) combined with the signal model from local stacking. This powerful combination opens the avenue for a completely new family of approaches for multi-channel seismic processing that can address seismic processing of land data with nodes and single sensors in the desert environment.  相似文献   

复杂地形景区三维导览图的设计与实现     

吴思锴  李百寿  郭家豪  李雪  张卫平 《北京测绘》2020,(1):38-43

为满足复杂地形景区对三维地图导览的需求,构建更为清晰的三维地图模型,提供良好的三维导览地图设计方案显得尤为重要。为了更好地与卫星影像进行贴合,DEM数据的采样密度要与卫星影像的分辨率一致。本文通过对比当下常用的四种空间插值方法的适用范围与运用特点,设置相关阈值及权重,直观比较了四种插值方法产生的插值结果,选择更适合复杂景区DEM插值的插值方法并对其进行精度提升,以此得到符合精度要求的DEM数据。最后利用相应地区的卫星影像进行地图投影及影像贴图,两种数据结合构建复杂景区的三维地图模型,给游客带来更为精确直观的定位信息和空间要素信息。  相似文献   

A high-precision time–frequency analysis for thin hydrocarbon reservoir identification based on synchroextracting generalized S-transform     

Ying Hu  Hui Chen  Hongyan Qian  Xinyue Zhou  Yuanjun Wang  Bin Lyu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(3):941-954

Improving the seismic time–frequency resolution is a crucial step for identifying thin reservoirs. In this paper, we propose a new high-precision time–frequency analysis algorithm, synchroextracting generalized S-transform, which exhibits superior performance at characterizing reservoirs and detecting hydrocarbons. This method first calculates time–frequency spectra using generalized S-transform; then, it squeezes all but the most smeared time–frequency coefficients into the instantaneous frequency trajectory and finally obtains highly accurate and energy-concentrated time–frequency spectra. We precisely deduce the mathematical formula of the synchroextracting generalized S-transform. Synthetic signal examples testify that this method can correctly decompose a signal and provide a better time–frequency representation. The results of a synthetic seismic signal and real seismic data demonstrate that this method can identify some reservoirs with thincknesses smaller than a quarter wavelength and can be successfully applied for hydrocarbon detection. In addition, examples of synthetic signals with different levels of Gaussian white noise show that this method can achieve better results under noisy conditions. Hence, the synchroextracting generalized S-transform has great application prospects and merits in seismic signal processing and interpretation.  相似文献