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本文介绍了USGS（美国地质勘探局）开发的Earthworm系统在福建地震预警系统项目中的应用。该系统为开源软件，由C语言编写，由不同模块组建而成，每个模块实现不同的功能，主要包括数据接收模块、P波拾取模块、地震定位报告产出模块、地震事件图件绘制模块、地震波存储容器等。同时，用户可以根据自己的需求编写相应的功能模块。文章对该系统的应用进行了介绍，内容包括Earthworm系统的组织架构、业务流程、软件模块的主要功能搭建与配置及软件模块之间的逻辑关系等，目的在于介绍该系统的架构方法与使用心得，促进该系统在地震行业内得到应用与推广。 相似文献
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An infiltration model based on flow variability in macropores: development, sensitivity analysis and applications 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Simulating infiltration in soils containing macropores still provides unsatisfactory results, as existing models seem not to capture all relevant processes. Recent studies of macropore flow initiation in natural soils containing earthworm channels revealed a distinct flow rate variability in the macropores depending on the initiation process. When macropore flow was initiated at the soil surface, most of the macropores received very little water while a few macropores received a large proportion of the total inflow. In contrast, when macropore flow was initiated from a saturated or nearly saturated soil layer, macropore flow rate variation was much lower. The objective of this study was to develop, evaluate, and test a model, which combines macropore flow variability with several established approaches to model dual permeability soils. We then evaluate the INfiltration–INitiation–INteraction Model (IN3M) to explore the influence of macropore flow variability on infiltration behavior by performing a sensitivity analysis and applying IN3M to sprinkling and dye tracer experiments at three field sites with different macropore and soil matrix properties. The sensitivity analysis showed that the flow variability in macropores reduces interaction between the macropores and the surrounding soil matrix and thus increases bypass flow, especially for surface initiation of macropore flow and at higher rainfall intensities. The model application shows reasonable agreement between IN3M simulations and field data in terms of water balance, water content change, and dye patterns. The influence of macropore flow variability on the hydrological response of the soil was considerable and especially pronounced for soils where initiation occurs at the soil surface. In future, the model could be applied to explore other types of preferential flow and hence to get a generally better understanding of macropore flow. 相似文献
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Earthworm calcite granules (ECG), generally produced in Morren's glands of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris and Lumbricus rubellus, are commonly preserved in Quaternary soils and sediments well. These granules can not only provide radio-carbon dating (Carbon-14) with the efficacious materials, but accurately record a wealth of climatic and environmental information on temperature and precipitation. For instance, researchers from France reconstructed the paleotemperature and paleoprecipitation during the last glacial in west part of Europe by taking advantage of δ18O and δ13C signal contained in ECG. Additionally, scientists from Germany and France carried out radiocarbon dating of ECG from two different loess-paleosol sequences, and the results showed consistency with the dating results of other materials (such as charcoal, bone, plant calcified root cells, etc.). Therefore, this new bio-indicator has been confirmed as a proxy for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction, hopefully becoming the golden key to understanding the paleoclimate change. This paper, based on the previous literatures, reviewed the present research status of ECG in paleoclimatology, mainly consisting of five aspects: (i) ECGs' production mechanism and their characteristics; (ii) The theoretical foundation of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in terrestrial fossil earthworm calcite granules for paleoclimatic reconstruction; (iii) The pre-treatment of ECG samples; (iv) Current applications in chronology and paleoclimatology of earthworm calcite granules;(v) Major problems at present regarding paleoclimatic explanation and radiocarbon-14 dating of ECG. Finally, we proposed the future research and development direction in this field, which is expected to make a reference to the future researches. 相似文献
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A new prototype system for earthquake early warning in Taiwan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nai-Chi Hsiao Yih-Min Wu Li Zhao Da-Yi Chen Wei-Ting Huang Kuan-Hung Kuo Tzay-Chyn Shin Peih-Lin Leu 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011
A new prototype earthquake early warning (EEW) system is being developed and tested using a real-time seismographic network currently in operation in Taiwan. This system is based on the Earthworm environment which carries out integrated analysis of real-time broadband, strong-motion and short-period signals. The peak amplitude of displacement in the three seconds after the P arrival, dubbed Pd, is used for the magnitude determination. Incoming signals are processed in real time. When a large earthquake occurs, P-wave arrival times and Pd will be estimated for location and magnitude determinations for EEW purpose. In a test of 54 felt earthquakes, this system can report earthquake information in 18.8±4.1 s after the earthquake occurrence with an average difference in epicenter locations of 6.3±5.7 km, and an average difference in depths of 7.9±6.6 km from catalogues. The magnitudes approach a 1:1 relationship to the reported magnitudes with a standard deviation of 0.51. Therefore, this system can provide early warning before the arrival of S-wave for metropolitan areas located 70 km away from the epicenter. This new system is still under development and being improved, with the hope of replacing the current operational EEW system in the future. 相似文献
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借鉴美国地质调查局（USGS）开发的Earthworm地震监测系统中自动地震定位模块的思想,将其中binder_ew软件模块功能应用到中国地震台网中心（CENC）开发的国家数字地震台网地震实时监测系统软件Ecums_rt中,运用地震震相关联方法,降低误触发地震台站对地震自动定位的干扰,从而实现软件优化,提升了Ecums_rt系统的地震事件自动定位监测能力。 相似文献
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Dating phases of pedogenesis, soil carbonate deposition or even the burial of whole soil profiles using 14C is a valuable goal in archaeology and pedology, but one that has been consistently hampered by the presence of old carbon skewing the measurements to produce apparent dates older than the true formation date. Calcite produced by earthworms could be a useful alternative source of datable carbon. Since earthworms both inhabit and ingest soils with an old carbon content, however, the granules could yield a 14C date older than the date of their formation. In this study, by examining granules from two sites of known-age stratigraphy, we show that the radiocarbon date derived from the granules' calcite closely reflects their true formation date, opening up the possibility of using the granules either individually or as distributions of dates to understand soil processes and date sealed archaeological layers. 相似文献
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