互联网+社区地震应急桌面演练的设计与实施——以青海省海西州为例     

张媛  王金萍  赖俊彦  才其格  李亦纲 《震灾防御技术》2020,15(2):411-418

地震灾害应对实践表明，社区作为社会治理的基本单元，在抢救生命、安置群众生活等方面发挥着重要作用。应急演练是有效提升民众防灾减灾意识和社区应对灾害能力的重要途径。近年来，社区开展了不同程度的地震应急演练，但在专业性和实效性方面仍存在很大提升空间。本文基于互联网+应急演练理念，提出基于互联网云服务的分布式、多社区、不限人数、同步或异步开展的应急桌面演练新模式，并在青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州进行了试点应用。实践表明，互联网+社区地震应急桌面演练融合了传统桌面演练与实战演练的优势，可针对社区管理层开展地震灾害全过程桌面推演，能有效促进社区管理层应急组织协调能力的提升。  相似文献   

基于ArcGIS的多准则地震应急避难所选址规划研究     

张亚楠  高惠瑛 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(2):376-386

地震是极其严重的自然灾害，有可能造成重大伤亡和经济损失。由于城市中人口高度聚集，地震发生时，需将受灾居民快速疏散至应急避难所，因此，应急避难所选址的合理性至关重要。本文提出1种可用于解决选址问题的多准则选址模型，并提出了求解模型的方法。该方法分为3个步骤，首先选择候选应急避难所，其次分析候选避难所的服务范围，最后确定应急避难所的位置。通过案例研究，论证了多准则选址模型在地震应急避难所规划中的有效性。  相似文献   

Measured and perceived visual complexity: a comparative study among three online map providers     

Susan Schnur  Kenan Bektaş 《制图学和地理信息科学》2018,45(3):238-254

We present a study on human perception of map complexity, with the objective of better understanding design decisions that may lead to undesirable levels of complexity in web maps. We compare three complexity metrics to human ratings of complexity obtained through a user survey. Specifically, we use two algorithmic approaches published by others, which measure feature congestion (FC) and subband entropy (SE), as well as our own approach of counting object types rather than individual objects. We compare these metrics with each other as well as with human complexity ratings for three maps of the same area from map providers Google Maps, Bing Maps, and OpenStreetMap. Each map design is assessed at three different scales (levels of detail). We find that (1) the FC and SE metrics appear to be adequate predictors of what humans consider complex; (2) object-type counts are slightly less successful at predicting human-rated complexity, implying that clutter is more important in perceived complexity than diversity of symbology; and (3) generalization choices do impact human complexity ratings. These findings contribute to our understanding of what makes a map complex, with implications for designing maps that are easy to use.  相似文献   

The development and analysis of quasi-linear map projections     

Jonathan Charles Iliffe 《制图学和地理信息科学》2018,45(3):270-283

Map projections are an essential component of coordinate systems used in applications such as surveying, topographic mapping, and engineering, and care needs to be taken to select ones that minimize distortion for each case. This article explores the selection process for near-linear features on the surface of the Earth and derives limits for the extent of a project that can be projected within specified distortion tolerances. It is then demonstrated that a multifaceted set of projections of the Earth may be used to extend this concept to the mapping of features such as highways and railways that are quasi-linear but do not exactly follow a standard geometrical line (a great circle or a small circle) on the surface of the Earth. A continuous, conformal coordinate system may be derived in such situations, extending to indefinite length and applicable over a swath of several kilometers width, but it cannot be extended to cover situations with extensive variations in height. Instead, the Snake Projection is analyzed, and it is shown that this can be used to develop continuous (non-zonal) projected coordinate systems for major engineering projects extending for hundreds of kilometers and having extensive height ranges. Examples are shown of the application to railway projects.  相似文献   

Maps Telling Stories?     

Franz-Benjamin Mocnik  David Fairbairn 《The Cartographic journal》2018,55(1):36-57

Maps are good at representing geographic space, but texts have a stronger affordance of telling a story than maps. Telling stories is, however, important to make information more personal and to arrest the map user's attention. This paper contrasts the map and the text media in order to understand why texts are good at telling a story but conventional maps are not. We demonstrate that, by a modification of maps, appropriate structural features of the text media can be transferred to maps, which makes them more suitable for telling stories. This new concept for map design can lead to new interaction possibilities and provide insights into how maps can be used more effectively.  相似文献   

甘南州国土空间规划辅助决策系统的构建与实现          下载免费PDF全文

王金媛  张晖 《甘肃地质》2022,(2):77-81

基于“天地图·甘肃”地理信息公共服务平台提供的地图API功能,在 “天地图·甘南”州级节点的基础上,整合甘南州国土空间规划相关数据和评价模型,采用可视化B／S前后端分离架构,矢量瓦片索引和微服务等技术,搭建了甘南州国土空间规划辅助决策系统,并通过系统平台实现了资源浏览、数据查询、数据统计、占地分析、规划冲突分析、数据大屏等辅助决策功能,为建设项目选址、用地审批、规划审查、土地储备与开发等提供决策服务。  相似文献   

Holistic approach of GIS based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and WetSpass models to evaluate groundwater potential in Gelana watershed of Ethiopia          下载免费PDF全文

Niway Wondesen Fikade  Molla Dagnachew Daniel  Lohani Tarun Kumar 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(2):138-152

Appropriate quantification and identification of the groundwater distribution in a hydrological basin may provide necessary information for effective management, planning and development of groundwater resources. Groundwater potential assessment and delineation in a highly heterogeneous environment with limited Spatiotemporal data derived from Gelana watershed of Abaya Chamo lake basin is performed, using integrated multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), water and energy transfer between soil and plant and atmosphere under quasi-steady state (WetSpass) models. The outputs of the WetSpass model reveal a favorable structure of water balance in the basin studied, mainly using surface runoff. The simulated total flow and groundwater recharge are validated using river measurements and estimated baseflow at two gauging stations located in the study area, which yields a good agreement. The WetSpass model effectively integrates a water balance assessment in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. The WetSpass model is shown to be computationally reputable for such a remote complex setting as the African rift, with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and 0.99 for total flow and baseflow at a significant level of p-value<0.05, respectively. The simulated annual water budget reveals that 77.22% of annual precipitation loses through evapotranspiration, of which 16.54% is lost via surface runoff while 6.24% is recharged to the groundwater. The calibrated groundwater recharge from the WetSpass model is then considered when determining the controlling factors of groundwater occurrence and formation, together with other multi-thematic layers such as lithology, geomorphology, lineament density and drainage density. The selected five thematic layers through MCDA are incorporated by employing the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method to identify the relative dominance in groundwater potential zoning. The weighted factors in the AHP are procedurally aggregated, based on weighted linear combinations to provide the groundwater potential index. Based on the potential indexes, the area then is demarcated into low, moderate, and high groundwater potential zones (GWPZ). The identified GWPZs are finally examined using the existing groundwater inventory data (static water level and springs) in the region. About 70.7% of groundwater inventory points are coinciding with the delineated GWPZs. The weighting comparison shows that lithology, geomorphology, and groundwater recharge appear to be the dominant factors influence on the resources potential. The assessment of groundwater potential index values identify 45.88% as high, 39.38% moderate, and 14.73% as low groundwater potential zones. WetSpass model analysis is more preferable in the area like Gelana watershed when the topography is rugged, inaccessible and having limited gauging stations.  相似文献   

Some Thoughts on the Earthquake Science Experimental Site——The Underground Cloud Map   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CHEN Yong  XU Yihe  CAI Huiteng  LI Wen 《中国地震研究》2019,33(1):1-8

The Western Yunnan Earthquake Predication Test Site set up jointly by the China Earthquake Administration, the National Science Foundation Commission of America, and United States Geological Survey has played an important role in development of early earthquake research work in China. Due to various objective reasons, most of the predicted targets in the earthquake prediction test site have not been achieved, and the development has been hindered. In recent years, the experiment site has been reconsidered, and renamed the “Earthquake Science Experimental Site”. Combined with the current development of seismology and the practical needs of disaster prevention and mitigation, we propose adding the “Underground Cloud Map” as the new direction of the experimental site. Using highly repeatable, environmentally friendly and safe airgun sources, we could send constant seismic signals, which realizes continuous monitoring of subsurface velocity changes. Utilizing the high-resolution 3-D crustal structure from ambient noise tomography, we could obtain 4-D (3-D space + 1-D time) images of subsurface structures, which we termed the “Underground Cloud Map”. The “Underground Cloud Map” can reflect underground velocity and stress changes, providing new means for the earthquake monitoring forecast nationwide, which promotes the conversion of experience-based earthquake prediction to physics-based prediction.  相似文献   

Cartographic Symbol Design Considerations for the Space–Time Cube     

Christopher League 《The Cartographic journal》2019,56(2):117-133

The cartographic representation of geographic phenomena in the space–time cube comes with special challenges and opportunities when compared with two-dimensional maps. While the added dimension allows the display of attributes that vary with time, it is difficult to display rapidly varying temporal data given the limited display height. In this study, we adapt 2D cyclic point symbols to construct 3D surfaces designed along a helical path for the space–time cube. We demonstrate how these complex?3D helical surfaces can display detailed data, including data reported daily over 100 years and data reported in four-hour intervals over a year. To create the point symbols, each value is plotted along the curve of a helix, with each turn of the helix representing one year or week, respectively. The model is modified by varying the radii from the time axis to all points using the attribute value, in these cases maximum daily temperature and four-hourly ridership, and then creating a triangulated surface from the resulting points. Using techniques common to terrain representation, we apply hue and saturation to the surface based on attribute values, and lightness based on relief shading. Multiple surfaces can be displayed in a space–time cube with a consistent time interval facing the viewer, and the surfaces or viewer perspective can be rotated to display synchronized variations. We see this method as one example of how cartographic design can refine or enhance operations in the space–time cube.  相似文献   

基于MINA框架的应急救助与地震灾情管理平台设计与实现     

肖本夫  申源  陈维锋  毛利  格桑扎西  梁厚朗 《震灾防御技术》2020,15(4):836-845

针对不同用户群体应急救助和地震灾情需求，基于MINA框架，运用阿里云基础架构、微信组件和应用程序接口等技术方法，设计并构建集灾情信息收集与报送、应急救助服务、科普宣教等功能于一体的管理平台。该平台的设计与实现不仅有利于震后现场应急队员收集并准确报送实时灾情信息，还可为被救助人员提供防震减灾知识和地震应急避难场所空间分布等应急救助信息，实现了应急救助与地震灾情的综合管理，提升了震后应急救助、应急指挥和辅助决策等方面的服务能力。  相似文献