基于MINA框架的应急救助与地震灾情管理平台设计与实现     

肖本夫  申源  陈维锋  毛利  格桑扎西  梁厚朗 《震灾防御技术》2020,15(4):836-845

针对不同用户群体应急救助和地震灾情需求，基于MINA框架，运用阿里云基础架构、微信组件和应用程序接口等技术方法，设计并构建集灾情信息收集与报送、应急救助服务、科普宣教等功能于一体的管理平台。该平台的设计与实现不仅有利于震后现场应急队员收集并准确报送实时灾情信息，还可为被救助人员提供防震减灾知识和地震应急避难场所空间分布等应急救助信息，实现了应急救助与地震灾情的综合管理，提升了震后应急救助、应急指挥和辅助决策等方面的服务能力。  相似文献   

基于高斯两步移动搜寻法的村镇避难场所可达性研究     

但文羽  肖映辉  胡周灵  詹庆明 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(10):1412-1421

避难场所可达性是指避难场所与受灾居民之间的通达性,即灾害发生时,避难人员通过避难疏散通道到达避难场所的难易程度,是评价避难场所布局合理性的重要指标。本研究结合高斯两步移动搜寻法和网络分析法,从供需双向出发对村镇地区避难场所进行可达性分析。2种方法的结合,既充分考虑了需求点与设施点的相互作用,又充分考虑了设施点的吸引力随距离的衰减关系,并基于实际道路,以步行疏散时间作为搜索半径,降低了传统研究中因忽略供需间相互作用及实际距离而引起的可达性结果的误差。最后,以神农架松柏镇区为例,验证该方法的实际应用价值。结果表明,该方法能够有效测定村镇地区避难场所的空间可达性,同时,基于GIS软件可以直观地揭示研究区域内避难场所可达性空间分布差异。该方法可为制定科学的村镇防灾减灾规划提供方法支持。  相似文献   

国家应急测绘调度系统设计     

刘磊  刘津  翟永  邢绪超 《测绘通报》2019,(9):135-138,146

通过分析应急测绘指挥调度的基本特点与实际需求，结合国家应急标准规范，采用基于多通道多协议的数据通信与传输技术、基于MPP架构的分布式数据库管理技术、基于UML模型化的任务规划技术，根据无人机、多功能方舱等应急装备实时回传的位置、状态和应急测绘地理信息，以及快速处理与共享系统等产生的数据成果与作业信息，设计完成了具有应急调度方案制定、指令快速下达、测绘装备动态调度与实时跟踪、测绘任务进度监控及应急任务演练等功能的应急测绘调度系统。  相似文献   

鲁甸地震生命线工程震害特点及应急抢修   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘爱文  帅向华  吕红山  吴健  徐超 《震灾防御技术》2014,9(3):359-367

在现场调查的基础上,本文总结分析了鲁甸地震交通、通信和电力等三类生命线工程的震害特点及应急抢修情况。鲁甸地震是一次较典型的山区地震,地震地质灾害和强地震动共同作用是造成生命线工程破坏的主要原因。交通系统的主要震害是山体滑坡引起的道路中断,灾区属于高山峡谷地形,道路抢通困难。电力系统的小型水力发电站破坏严重,龙头山变电站的破坏直接导致其下级的2个变电站也断电。通信系统在本次地震中受的影响相对较小,恢复也较快。  相似文献   

GIS-based cost distance modelling to support strategic maritime search and rescue planning: A feasibility study     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Geographic information system (GIS) based methodologies are widely used to various problems. However, its potential for application to strategic maritime search and rescue (SAR) planning remains largely unexplored. To investigate the applicability of GIS-based tools to this problem, this paper presents an approach to evaluate accessibility and response times in a sea area. Such information aids to objectify the response effectiveness of a SAR system, which is important for rational resource allocation. The presented methodology accounts for the main characteristics of maritime response, namely spatial accessibility, capabilities of search and rescue units (SRUs) and prevailing wave conditions, which affect the attainable SRU speeds. An application to the Finnish areas of the Gulf of Finland is shown. Despite the existence of some difficulties with currently available tools (e.g. accurate and user-friendly spatial wave models and challenges with using raster-based methods in topologically complex areas) and limitations in knowledge (e.g. the SRU capabilities in actual operations), the results indicate that the methodology provides good opportunities for enhancing maritime decision making.  相似文献   

Data,interface, security: Assembling technologies that govern the future     

《Geoforum》2015

Over the last decade, fire governance practices in the British Fire and Rescue Service (FRS) have undergone fundamental transformation. Rather than just being responded to as and when they occur, the FRS have adopted a range of anticipatory governing strategies to govern fires in anticipation of their occurence. This turn towards anticipatory governance has been facilitated in no small part by the digital infrastructure now embedded in the FRS. Composed of data, hardware, software, fibre-optic cables along with human analysts and organisational processes, this infrastructure operates to make risk projections on fire which shape and condition strategic decision making. This paper explores the operation of this digital infrastructure through the notion of interface. Drawing on empirical material relating to processes of data sourcing and risk calculation, interfaces account for the sites, moments and experiences in which human and non-human agents relate to one another in making fire risk projections. Showing relations to exist spatially, temporally and sensually, I argue that interfaces are crucial to the operation of an anticipatory security apparatus which relies on digital devices.  相似文献   

北京房山应急水源地地下水数值模拟及河流渗漏量预测     

沈媛媛  辛宝东  郭高轩  纪轶群 《城市地质》2011,6(4):36-40

以北京房山岩溶水应急水源地为例,采用等效连续介质体概化地下水流系统,建立地下水流数值模型,评价地下水源汇项,分析地下水系统特征。运用MODFLOW中的河流（渠）子程序包,刻画地表河流和泉水与地下水的交换关系。经参数识别和验证,计算结果与实测数据拟合较好,能够比较准确的模拟水源地岩溶水系统。模拟和预测结果表明,水源地地区地下水与地表水联系密切,应急开采后,地下水系统由向河流排泄转变为河流渗漏补给地下水,可为应急水源地合理开发利用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

甘肃内陆河流域生态功能及保护对策   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘思敏 《湿地科学与管理》2011,7(3):37-39

从阐述张掖生态功能的重要意义入手,阐明了祁连山森林、湿地、人工绿洲成板块结构镶嵌分布,组成了强大的生态屏障,阻止了沙漠化的进程。针对张掖生态安全屏障保护存在的主要问题和甘肃祁连山国家自然保护区及张掖黑河湿地国家自然保护区建设现状,提出了祁连山自然保护区生态保护与管理及湿地国家级自然保护区生态恢复与综合治理的具体措施,为甘肃内陆河流域生态安全屏障建设提供参考依据。  相似文献   

基于ArcGIS Server的地震应急数据与服务共享研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

席楠  姜立新 《地震》2011,31(1):135-145

ArcGIS Server是基于Web Service用来发布企业级GIS应用程序的综合平台. 本文以地震应急数据与服务共享为研究目标,分析了ArcGIS Server的体系架构和几种常用共享模式的特点,提出了基于Web Service和ArcGIS Server的共享模式,详细阐述了地震应急数据与服务共享的理论方法和...  相似文献   

Temporal vulnerability in hazardscapes: Flood memory-networks and referentiality along the North Carolina Neuse River (USA)     

Daniel H. de Vries   《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(1):154-164

Social models of population vulnerability to disasters increasingly include the notion that vulnerability has a strong temporal component. While this temporality is typically conceptualized as objective (making vulnerability “dynamic,” “multiscalar,” and/or “historical”), it consistently fails to acknowledge that among stakeholders managing hazardscapes temporality is also a social process in which subjective experience of time may play a role in creating situations of population vulnerability. This paper proposes that the temporal situatedness of a population relative to past hazard events and the quality with which stakeholders engage hazard memory-chains combine to significantly influences its vulnerability to natural hazards. It is proposed that this temporal vulnerability is characterized by shared, population level potential for surprise and can be evaluated by exploration of time-series depth and temporal reference points in historical ecological narratives and documents. Based on ethnohistoric research conducted from 2002 to 2006 in flood-prone eastern North Carolina (USA), it is illustrated how temporal vulnerability was relatively higher in the Neuse River watershed located at the City of Kinston than surrounding watersheds. Due to the combination of factors including the damming of the Neuse River in the 1980s, outdated official floodplain maps, relatively unmonitored floodplain development, the stochastic timing of flood events (placing the last major flood more than a generation away), technological optimism, and turnover of floodplain officials and residents, local stakeholders were seriously misinformed about the space-time risks involved both before and after the disaster of Hurricane Floyd (1999) happened. To deal with this inconsistency, the temporal rarity of Hurricane Floyd as a “500-year event” has been motivated and embraced by many in an effort to continue life-as-is. The paper proposes that the concept of temporal vulnerability is further explored and used as key dimension in the vulnerability sciences.  相似文献