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1.
本文分别对雌雄白缘(鱼央)的5S rDNA进行了PCR扩增和序列分析,并采用双色荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术,以白缘(鱼央)的5S rDNA序列和小麦的45S rDNA为探针,对其在白缘(鱼央)雌雄中期染色体上进行了FISH定位研究。结果表明,白缘(鱼央)5S rDNA序列无雌雄差异;5S rDNA的保守区序列为117 bp;5S rDNA和45S rDNA分别被定位于白缘(鱼央)的性染色体和第5号染色体上。同时从GenBank中获得了22种鱼的5S rDNA,运用DNAman软件构建了23种鱼的系统发育树,对白缘(鱼央)的进化地位进行了初步研究。本研究为阐明白缘(鱼央)在鱼类系统进化中的位置、重复序列在脊椎动物性染色体上的分布状况以及与性别决定与分化的关系,提供了资料积累和分析依据。 相似文献
2.
The diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia blooms throughout New Zealand's coastal waters. More than a decade of monitoring data were analysed in this study and seasonality was a significant factor in the appearance of Pseudo-nitzschia blooms. Austral spring and summer were the main bloom periods, although there were regional differences. Between January 2000 and August 2011, 8.4% of 29,000 seawater samples analysed for Pseudo-nitzschia exceeded the voluntary trigger level for biotoxin testing (10×104 cells l?1), and these were analysed by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) assays. Pseudo-nitzschia fraudulenta and P. pseudodelicatissima (low domoic acid [DA] producers) were the dominant bloom formers throughout New Zealand (each contributing 25%) followed by the highly toxic P. australis (10%). Shellfish flesh testing for DA was triggered on 8477 occasions between 2000 and 2011, but no samples exceeded the regulatory limit (20 mg/kg); the maximum concentration was 13 mg/kg (Marlborough Sounds, mid-winter 2010). 相似文献
3.
The dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum is often associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs). This species consists of many strains that differ in their ability to produce toxins but have similar morphology, making identification difficult. In this study, species-specific rRNA probes were designed for whole-cell fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to distinguish A. minutum from two phylogenetic clades. We acquired the complete SSU to LSU rDNA sequences (GenBank accession numbers JF906989-JF906999) of 11 Alexandrium strains and used these to design rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes. Three ribotype-specific probes, M-GC-1, M-PC-2, and M-PC-3, were designed. The former is specific for the GC clade ("Global clade") of A. minutum, the majority of which have been found non-toxic, and the latter two are specific for the PSP (paralytic shellfish poisoning)-producing PC clade ("Pacific clade"). The specificity of these three probes was confirmed by FISH. All cells in observed fields of view were fluorescently labeled when probes and target species were incubated under optimized FISH conditions. However, the accessibility of rRNA molecules in ribosomes varied among the probe binding positions. Thus, there was variation in the distribution of positive signals in labeled cells within nucleolus and cytosol (M-GC-1, M-PC-3), or just nucleolus (M-PC-2). Our results provide a methodological basis for studying the biogeography and population dynamics of A. minutum, and providing an early warning of toxic HABs. 相似文献
4.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):27-32
In South Africa, kelp gulls Larus dominicanus first breed when 4 years old. At least 50% of 4-year-olds breed; virtually all older birds breed annually. Most chicks leave natal colonies in the austral autumn and winter, when about 6 months old, and 60% of them may not return until aged 2 or 3 years. One 3-year-old showed signs of defending territory, but birds only attain full adult plumage when aged 4. The plumage of 3-year-olds is similar to that of adults, but the white spots on the outer primaries are less well developed and the secondaries and inner primaries have no white trailing edge. Chicks are dark, whereas birds aged 1 and 2 years gain increasing amounts of pale or white plumage on the face, neck, underparts and tail. 相似文献
5.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):409-425
The food habits of 10 species of grenadier collected from the upper continental slope off South Africa's west coast and Agulhas Bank are described. Three feeding strategies were identified. Members of the demersal micro- or mesocarnivore feeding guild and grazer feeding method include Caelorinchus braueri, C. simorhynchus, juvenile Coryphaenoides striaturus, Lucigadus ori, Malacocephalus laevis, Nezumia brevibarbata, N. micronychodon and N. umbracincta. A second strategy, that of Caelorinchus matamua and adult Coryphaenoides striaturus, involved switching approximately equally from demersal grazing to midwater picking or stalking. The deep-pelagic Mesobius antipodum displayed a third strategy, that of a midwater mesocarnivore picking or stalking. Ontogenetic dietary shifts were noted for the primarily demersal grazers Caelorinchus braueri, C. simorhynchus, Coryphaenoides striaturus and Malacocephalus laevis. Mesopelagic fish, shrimps and squid formed part of the diet of all species. These prey, taken at the bathyal/deep-pelagic interface, are an important source of energy transport from productive surface waters to the deep benthos. 相似文献
6.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):629-639
The study focuses on ichthyoplankton populations in the southern Angola Current, the Angola-Benguela Front and the coastal upwelling area of the northern and central Benguela Current. The horizontal and vertical distributions of eggs and larvae of sardine Sardinops sagax, anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus capensis were examined in relation to distribution patterns of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen. Samples were collected during February–March 2002 using a Bongo net and a multiple opening/closing net in five depth layers (0–30m, 30–60m, 60–100m, 100–140m and 140–220m). Eggs and larvae were restricted mainly to the shelf areas in the Angola-Benguela Font and southern Angola Current waters. Their vertical distributions in the Angola-Benguela Front and northern Benguela upwelling region showed a sharp decline in abundance at about 60m depth. This decline appeared to be correlated to the distribution of dissolved oxygen in the water column It is hypothesised that low oxygen concentrations have a strong impact on the development and survival of the early life-cycle stages of fish, and that recruitment of sardine and other pelagic species relies more on the upward extension of the oxygen minimum layer than was previously thought. 相似文献
7.
Chromosomal localization of the major ribosomal RNA genes in scallop Chlamys farreri 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
HUANG Xiaoting BAO Zhenmin BI Ke HU Jingjie ZHANG Can ZHANG Quanqi HU Xiaoli 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(3):108-115
1IntroductionThe class bivalvia includes many well-knownmarine invertebrate species because they play impor-tant roles in aquaculture.Most cytogenetic studies ofbivalvia have focused primarily on chromosome num-ber and gross morphology(Insua et al.,1998).… 相似文献
8.
Fluorescent labeling of bacterial cell walls, DNA, and metabolic processes demonstrates high (potentially single molecule) sensitivity, is non-invasive, and in some cases can differentiate strains and species. Robust microscopes such as the custom instruments presented here can provide good image quality in the field and are potentially suitable for flight. However, ambiguous or false-positive results with bacterial stains can occur and can create difficulties in interpretation even on Earth. We present a “real” life detection problem in a sample of biofilms taken from the Canadian High Arctic. The samples consisted of numerous small sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and larger structures resembling fungi or diatoms. The identity of these latter structures remained ambiguous until electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy were performed, indicating that they were unusual sulfur minerals probably precipitated by the bacterial communities. While such mineral structures may possibly serve as biosignatures after the cells have disappeared, it is important that they not be mistaken for cells themselves. It is also possible that unusual mineral structures will be performed under extraterrestrial conditions, so great care is needed to differentiate cell structures from minerals. 相似文献
9.
V.P. EdgcombW. Orsi H.-W. BreinerA. Stock S. FilkerM.M. Yakimov T. Stoeck 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(10):1040-1048
The combination of nearly saturated salt concentration and corresponding high density, high hydrostatic pressure, absence of light, anoxia, and a sharp chemocline make the deep hypersaline anoxic basins in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea some of the most polyextreme habitats on Earth. Using kinetoplastid-specific primers, we detected kinetoplastid flagellates in some of the harshest deep-sea environments known to date, including some whose small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences are not closely related to cultured representatives. Kinetoplastids, including presumably novel representatives appear to be specialists of halocline environments in the Eastern Mediterranean, and to comprise a significant fraction of the protist communities in the brines and haloclines of several basins. Fluorescent in situ hybridization data indicate a novel ‘unidentified’ sequence clade of kinetoplastids related to bodonids represents as much as 10% of the total protist community in the Discovery Basin halocline. Different kinetoplastid groups are unevenly represented in the different basins and habitats we sampled, which we discuss as a result of environmental selection. 相似文献
10.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):557-566
The food habits of five species of eels and one species of spiny eel collected from the upper continental slope off the Cape west coast and Agulhas Bank, South Africa, are described. All a re embers of a defined demersal micro- or mesocarnivore feeding guild except Simenchelys parasitica, a scavenger. Two congrids, Bassanago albescens and Gnathophis capensis and the spiny eel Notacanthus sexspinis usually employ the demersal grazer feeding method and infrequently switch to picking nekton in the water column. Two synaphobranchids, Diastobranchus capensis and Synaphobranchus kaupii, are chiefly demersal mesocarnivores that stalk prey, but also pick nekton and scavenge. A significant amount of the prey ofthe three large eels, B. albescens and the two synaphobranchids, consisted mainly of mesopelagic stomiiform, myctophid and juvenile gadiform fish, penaeid and caridean shrimps and various squid taken at the bathyal/deep-pelagic interface, as was found previously with some grnadiers (Macrouridae. Five categories of fleshy remains are documented for the scavenging Simenchelys parasitica for the first time. 相似文献