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1.
采用秩评分方法,选取NCEP再分析资料作为“实测”依据,以10个统计特征值为基础,评估了21个GCMs对东南诸河流域17个气候要素的模拟效果.结果显示:气候变量表现出不同的统计特征,GCMs对不同气候变量的模拟效果并不一致.与地面气象站点实测值对比,CSIRO:MK30、GFDL:CM21、GFDL:CM20、INM:CM30对降水和地面气温的模拟效果相对较好;流域高空气候要素的模拟效果更佳的模式有CGCM2.3.2、GISS:EH、BCCR:BCM20、GFDL:CM20对;综合所有气候变量,BCCR:BCM20、GFDL:CM20、CGCM2.3.2、GISS:EH的表现更优.优选出的GCMs可以为东南诸河流域气候变化的进一步研究提供科学依据.  相似文献   
2.
采用秩评分方法,选取NCEP再分析资料作为“实测”依据,以10个统计特征值为基础,评估了21个GCMs对东南诸河流域17个气候要素的模拟效果.结果显示:气候变量表现出不同的统计特征,GCMs对不同气候变量的模拟效果并不一致.与地面气象站点实测值对比,CSIRO:MK30、GFDL:CM21、GFDL:CM20、INM:...  相似文献   
3.
Identification of the distinctive circulation patterns of storminess on the Atlantic margin of Europe forms the main objective of this study; dealing with storm frequency, intensity and tracking. The climatology of the extratropical cyclones that affect this region has been examined for the period 1940–1998. Coastal meteorological data from Ireland to Spain have been linked to the cyclone history for the North Atlantic in the analysis of storm records for European coasts. The study examines the evolution in the occurrence of storms since the 1940s and also their relationship with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Results indicate a seasonal shift in the wind climate, with regionally more severe winters and calmer summers established. This pattern appears to be linked to a northward displacement in the main North Atlantic cyclone track.

An experiment with the ECHAM4 A-GCM at high resolution (T106) has also been used to model the effect of a greenhouse gases induced warming climate on the climatology of coastal storms in the region. The experiment consists of (1), a 30-year control time-slice representing present-day equivalent CO2 concentrations and (2), a 30-year perturbed period corresponding to a time when the radiative forcing has doubled in terms of equivalent CO2 concentrations. The boundary conditions have been obtained from an atmosphere-ocean coupled OA-GCM simulation at low horizontal resolution. An algorithm was developed to allow the identification of individual cyclone movements in selected coastal zones. For most of the northern part of the study region, covering Ireland and Scotland, results describe the establishment by ca. 2060 of a tendency for fewer but more intense storms.

The impacts of these changes in storminess for the vulnerability of European Atlantic coasts are considered. For low-lying, exposed and ‘soft’ sedimentary coasts, as in Ireland, these changes in storminess are likely to result in significant localised increases in coastal erosion.  相似文献   

4.
The effect of climate change on maize production in the semi-humid and semi-arid, agro-climatic zones III-IV of Kenya was evaluated using two General Circulation Models (GCMs): the Canadian Climate Center Model (CCCM) and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), as well as the CERES-Maize model. Long-term climate data was obtained from three meteorological stations situated in eastern, central and western regions of Kenya, while maize data was obtained from six sites within the regions. The climate scenarios were projected to the year 2030. Temperature increases of 2·29 and 2·89°C are predicted by the CCCM and GFDL, respectively. Rainfall levels are predicted to remain unchanged, but there are thought to be shifts in distribution. It is predicted that the short-rains season (October–January) will experience some increased rainfall, while the long-rains season (April–July) will show a decrease. Maize yields are predicted to decrease in zone III areas, while an increase is predicted in zone IV areas. However, the predicted changes in yields are low since they all fall below 500 kg ha−1, except the Homa Bay site. Thus, to counter the adverse effects of climate change on maize production, it may be necessary to use early maturing cultivars, practice early planting, and in eastern Kenya, shift to growing maize during the short-rains season.  相似文献   
5.
青海湖热力状况的模拟与未来情景之研究   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
秦伯强  黄群 《湖泊科学》1998,10(3):25-31
运用基于湖泊热量收支与湍流扩散的湖泊热力学模型模拟了青海湖近30年来湖水热力状况,内容包括湖泊水面温度,温度沿深度的垂直分布,冬季结冰与融冰的起迄时间,冰盖厚度;积雪深度与天数等。在此基础上,运用4个GCMs模型输出的CO2倍增情景下该地区的气候状况,评价了湖泊热力状况在未来的可能变化情况。  相似文献   
6.
2011-2050年长江流域气候变化预估问题的探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
利用长江流域1961-2008年观测气象资料,对IPCC第四次评估报告中12个全球气候模式及所有模式集合平均进行比较验证,结果表明:MIUB_ECHO_G模式对该地区降水模拟能力较强,NCAR_CCSM3模式对温度模拟效果较好.进一步利用MIUB_ECHO_G模式和NCAR_CCSM3模式结果在SRES-A2、-A1B...  相似文献   
7.
Snow is an important component of the Earth's climate system and is particularly vulnerable to global warming. It has been suggested that warmer temperatures may cause significant declines in snow water content and snow cover duration. In this study, snowfall and snowmelt were projected by means of a regional climate model that was coupled to a physically based snow model over Shasta Dam watershed to assess changes in snow water content and snow cover duration during the 21st century. This physically based snow model requires both physical data and future climate projections. These physical data include topography, soils, vegetation, and land use/land cover, which were collected from associated organizations. The future climate projections were dynamically downscaled by means of the regional climate model under 4 emission scenarios simulated by 2 general circulation models (fifth‐generation of the ECHAM general circulation model and the third‐generation atmospheric general circulation model). The downscaled future projections were bias corrected before projecting snowfall and snowmelt processes over Shasta Dam watershed during 2010–2099. This study's results agree with those of previous studies that projected snow water equivalent is decreasing by 50–80% whereas the fraction of precipitation falling as snowfall is decreasing by 15% to 20%. The obtained projection results show that future snow water content will change in both time and space. Furthermore, the results confirm that physical data such as topography, land cover, and atmospheric–hydrologic data are instrumental in the studies on the impact of climate change on the water resources of a region.  相似文献   
8.
百分位统计降尺度方法及在GCMs日降水订正中的应用   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
刘绿柳  任国玉 《高原气象》2012,31(3):715-722
在格点观测的逐日降水量数据基础上,采用百分位统计降尺度方法对全球气候模式(GCM)输出的日降水量进行了订正处理。5种订正方案的比较结果表明,取12个百分位数进行日降水量订正是合理的。观测资料与3个GCMs订正前后全国平均年、季降水量空间分布以及主要流域平均年、月和日降水序列多年平均、变化趋势及概率密度的对比分析表明:(1)统计降尺度处理可在一定程度上降低GCMs模拟的降水量偏差,特别是中国中部、长江以南和东北部分地区,对德国马普研究所的海气耦合模式(MPI/ECHAM5)模拟的降水量订正效果最显著;(2)GCMs统计降尺度处理的降水量季节分布特征与观测更为接近,所有流域MPI/ECHAM5订正的降水量优于或接近直接输出结果;(3)与GCM直接输出的降水相比,部分流域经统计降尺度处理后降水量变化趋势与观测的一致性有所增加,但不明显;(4)当日降水量<30mm时,订正的降水量与观测的偏差明显减小;当日降水量>30mm时,部分流域由负偏差转为正偏差。由于GCMs结构和降尺度方法的局限性,在用于具体流域未来气候变化预估及气候变化影响评估时,应选择尽可能多的、模拟能力强的GCMs数据,以包含尽可能多的模拟气候情景。  相似文献   
9.
Impacts of human activities on climate change as simulated by the general circulation models (GCMs)in China for the recent ten years have been summarized and reviewed in this paper.The researches show that it might be getting warmer over China due to the greenhouse effects.The atmospheric circulation and precipitation also might be changed due to the greenhouse effects.The assessments and evaluations of the models over the globe and China have also been presented in this paper.  相似文献   
10.
气候变化对沅江流域径流影响研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈喜  苏布达  姜彤  施雅风 《湖泊科学》2003,15(Z1):115-122
温室气体排放量增加造成气候变化,对全球资源环境产生重要影响.本文在水量平衡基础上,建立考虑气象要素和地形变化的月水文模型,利用实测径流资料对模型在时空尺度上进行验证.利用全球气候模型(GCMs)预测的未来气候变化情形,对处于湿润区的沅江流域径流过程进行预测.分析结果表明,该区域径流过程对降雨和气温变化十分敏感.根据英国Hadcm2模型对本世纪中叶气候变化预测结果,沅江流域未来年降雨量减少0.43%气温升高1.55℃,丰水期降雨增加,而枯水期将有较大幅度减少.年径流量相应减少6.8%,丰水期径流量增大11%,枯水期径流减少47%,不利于防洪和水资源开发利用.  相似文献   
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