Evaluation of urban underground space resources using a negative list method: Taking Xi’an City as an example in China     

《China Geology》2020,3(1):124-136

Utilization of urban underground space has become a vital approach to alleviate the strain on urban land resources, and to optimize the structure and pattem of the city. It is also very important to improve the city environment, build livable city and increase the capacity of the city. Based on the analysis of existing evaluation methods and their problems, a method for evaluating underground space resources based on a negative list of adverse factors affecting underground space development is proposed, to be primarily used in urban planning stages. A list of the adverse factors is established, including limiting factors, constraining factors and influencing factors. Taking Xi’an as an example, using a geographical information system platform, a negative list of adverse factors for the underground space resources in Xi’ an City are evaluated, and preventive measures are proposed. Natural resources, exploitable resources, and the potential growth of exploitable underground space resources are evaluated. Underground space assessment in the different development stages of the city, collaborative utilization and safety evaluation for multiple subsurface resources, environmental impact and assessment, as well as evaluation methods based on big data and intelligent optimization algorithms are all discussed with the aim of serving city planning and construction.  相似文献   

Evaluating the Geographic in GIS     

Weihe W. Guan  Matthew W. Wilson  Anne K. Knowles 《Geographical review》2019,109(3):297-307

Despite several decades of discussion and debate around the role of GIS in the discipline of Geography, it would be a stretch to argue that GIS has not irreversibly altered the discipline, both in the scope of research and teaching as well as in the wider imagination of a general public. However, it remains a challenge to incorporate the range of geographic knowledge, born of a diversity of modalities, into operational insights and analytical pre‐conditions in a GIS. To be certain, some irreconcilability between GIS and geographical inquiry is to be expected, epistemologically speaking. In what follows, we consider what might be meant by a shift to geographic analysis as scholars from disciplines in the humanities and social sciences turn to GIS as a method of observation, interpretation, analysis, and representation. In this context, we engage in a thought experiment and offer some commentary, fixing the notion of information system, while opening the geographic in GIS to more variable understanding. The point is to pursue greater development of GIS theory and method, encompassing, while not reducing, scientific, social scientific, and humanities research.  相似文献   

基于GIS的“一带一路”地区气温插值方法比较研究     

杨艳昭  郎婷婷  张超  贾琨 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(4):867-876

“一带一路”倡议是新时期中国为加强对外开放提出的全球化合作倡议,资源环境的优化配置对全球化发展意义重大。气温作为重要的基础数据和输入要素,对其进行空间化处理是实现大尺度区域资源环境优化配置的前提。本文基于地理信息技术（GIS）,运用距离平方反比法（IDS）、协同克里格法（CK）、回归距离平方反比法（RIDS）和回归协同克里格法（RCK）,对“一带一路”地区1980—2017年的2679个气象站点的月平均气温和年平均气温数据进行插值,获得了“一带一路”地区10 km分辨率的气温空间分布数据。交叉验证结果表明：① IDS、CK、RIDS和RCK插值法在整体上均较好地展示了“一带一路”地区气温的地理空间分布规律,4种插值方法的月均气温的均方根误差分别在1.93~2.43、1.78~2.14、1.31~2.23和1.23~1.92 ℃之间;年均气温的均方根误差分别为1.94、1.83、1.37和1.27 ℃;② 在“一带一路”地区,加入协变量分析的CK插值精度整体优于IDS,并且削弱了IDS的极值现象;③ RIDS和RCK对年均气温的插值精度分别较IDS和CK提高了29.4%和30.6%,表明加入地理要素并进行残差修正的插值精度得到了进一步提高。总体来看,RCK插值法对气温数据的插值精度最高,可以考虑将此方法作为“一带一路”地区温度等气象要素的插值方法。  相似文献   

Same space – different perspectives: comparative analysis of geographic context through sketch maps and spatial video geonarratives     

Andrew Curtis  Jayakrishnan Ajayakumar  Eric Jefferis  Susanne Mitchell 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(6):1224-1250

ABSTRACT

The importance of including a contextual underpinning to the spatial analysis of social data is gaining traction in the spatial science community. The challenge, though, is how to capture these data in a rigorous manner that is translational. One method that has shown promise in achieving this aim is the spatial video geonarrative (SVG), and in this paper we pose questions that advance the science of geonarratives through a case study of criminal ex-offenders. Eleven ex-offenders provided sketch maps and SVGs identifying high-crime areas of their community. Wordmapper software was used to map and classify the SVG content; its spatial filter extension was used for hot spot mapping with statistical significance tested using Monte Carlo simulations. Then, each subject’s sketch map and SVG were compared. Results reveal that SVGs consistently produce finer spatial-scale data and more locations of relevance than the sketch maps. SVGs also provide explanation of spatial-temporal processes and causal mechanisms linked to specific places, which are not evident in the sketch maps. SVG can be a rigorous translational method for collecting data on the geographic context of many phenomena. Therefore, this paper makes an important advance in understanding how environmentally immersive methods contribute to the understanding of geographic context.  相似文献   

基于参与式制图方法的景观服务评估与空间结构研究     

朱亚茹  高峻  邴振华  张中浩  付晶 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(5):1106-1119

景观服务评估核心是人与环境之间复杂的动态关系,基于利益相关者的参与式制图方法是建立景观服务分类体系和量化指标的有效途径。本文采用参与式制图方法,以九寨沟自然保护区为例,根据景观服务分类研究成果,并结合九寨沟自然资源特点和景观服务使用者半结构式访谈数据,提出了适用于九寨沟的景观服务指标体系。本研究方法以管理局工作人员、居民和游客等服务使用者作为参与式调研对象,分别就其需求和景观服务感知程度进行半结构式访谈,并利用GIS技术将数据空间位置和功能属性结合,得到九寨沟有3大类景观服务和17个相关指标,以及737个景观服务点。通过研究结果可知,当地村落建筑与众多景观服务指标（包括观鸟场所、野营旅游、民俗与节庆等13个指标）具有极强的空间关联性。同时,景观服务使用者感知的景观价值在空间上属于聚集分布形式,主要围绕着开放生态旅游的3条沟谷分布,并向外围扩散。其中景观服务的“高—高”空间聚集区主要分布在沟口等与人类需求密切联系的区域,而景观服务的“低—低”空间聚集区则主要分布在原始森林等与人类居住、活动相距较远的区域。综上,基于参与式制图方法建立的景观服务分类和空间分析,发现九寨沟景观服务的空间位置与使用者紧密相关,其景观价值的空间结构特征是服务使用者与环境长期互动的结果,该结果可以用来引导并进一步优化九寨沟的功能分区规划。  相似文献   

Determination of subcatchment and watershed boundaries in a complex and highly urbanized landscape          下载免费PDF全文

Aimé Kayembe  Carl P. J. Mitchell 《水文研究》2018,32(18):2845-2855

Urban development significantly alters the landscape by introducing widespread impervious surfaces, which quickly convey surface run‐off to streams via stormwater sewer networks, resulting in “flashy” hydrological responses. Here, we present the inadequacies of using raster‐based digital elevation models and flow‐direction algorithms to delineate large and highly urbanized watersheds and propose an alternative approach that accounts for the influence of anthropogenically modified land cover. We use a semi‐automated approach that incorporates conventional drainage networks into overland flow paths and define the maximal run‐off contributing area. In this approach, stormwater pipes are clustered according to their slope attributes, which define flow direction. Land areas drained by each cluster and contributing (or exporting) flow to a topographically delineated catchment were determined. These land masses were subsequently added or removed from the catchment, modifying both the shape and the size. Our results in a highly urbanized Toronto, Canada, area watershed indicate a moderate net increase in the directly connected watershed area by 3% relative to a topographically forced method; however, differences across three smaller scale subcatchments are greater. Compared to topographic delineation, the directly connected watershed areas of both the upper and middle subcatchments decrease by 5% and 8%, respectively, whereas the lower subcatchment area increases by 15%. This is directly related to subsurface storm sewer pipes that cross topographic boundaries. When directly connected subcatchment area is plotted against total streamflow and flashiness indices using this method, the coefficients of variation are greater (0.93 to 0.97) compared to the use of digital elevation model‐derived subcatchment areas (0.78 to 0.85). The accurate identification of watershed and subcatchment boundaries should incorporate ancillary data such as stormwater sewer networks and retention basin drainage areas to reduce water budget errors in urban systems.  相似文献   

1981—2018 年庆阳市气候舒适度特征分析及评价          下载免费PDF全文

张可心 《干旱区地理》2020,43(5):1270-1277

为了对庆阳市气候资源特征进行分析和评价，指导当地城乡规划建设及旅游业的发展，利 用庆阳市 1981—2018 年 8 个气象观测站逐日气温、降水、风速、相对湿度、日照时数等资料，计算当 地气候舒适度的 4 种参数，分析庆阳市气候舒适度时空变化特征，结果表明：庆阳市春季、秋季偏 冷，夏无酷暑，温暖舒适，冬季寒冷，较不舒适；温湿指数、风效指数、穿衣指数年际变化特征显示， 四季气候均有向暖发展的趋势，春季和夏季变化趋势极显著，秋季和冬季变化显著性较弱；综合指 数年际波动大，夏季气候趋于不舒适，其余季节均趋于舒适；气候舒适期年内分布特征显示，5～9 月 为全市气候舒适期，适合开展旅游活动；5 月和 9 月舒适度空间分布的总体特征是西部高，东部低， 6～8 月均为东南部高，西部、北部低；舒适度月变化总体特征为，5 月＞6 月＞9 月＞8 月＞7 月。  相似文献   

A machine learning approach for predicting computational intensity and domain decomposition in parallel geoprocessing     

Peng Yue  Fan Gao  Boyi Shangguan  Zheren Yan 《International journal of geographical information science》2020,34(11):2243-2274

ABSTRACT

High performance computing is required for fast geoprocessing of geospatial big data. Using spatial domains to represent computational intensity (CIT) and domain decomposition for parallelism are prominent strategies when designing parallel geoprocessing applications. Traditional domain decomposition is limited in evaluating the computational intensity, which often results in load imbalance and poor parallel performance. From the data science perspective, machine learning from Artificial Intelligence (AI) shows promise for better CIT evaluation. This paper proposes a machine learning approach for predicting computational intensity, followed by an optimized domain decomposition, which divides the spatial domain into balanced subdivisions based on the predicted CIT to achieve better parallel performance. The approach provides a reference framework on how various machine learning methods including feature selection and model training can be used in predicting computational intensity and optimizing parallel geoprocessing against different cases. Some comparative experiments between the approach and traditional methods were performed using the two cases, DEM generation from point clouds and spatial intersection on vector data. The results not only demonstrate the advantage of the approach, but also provide hints on how traditional GIS computation can be improved by the AI machine learning.  相似文献   

2007-2016年四川省土壤干旱时空动态分析     

陈艾琳  戴晓爱  张诗琪  周旋 《山地学报》2020,38(1):31-41

四川作为农业大省,旱灾是导致农业减产最主要的因素。通过遥感和GIS手段进行四川省土壤干旱程度的时空分析,提高干旱的空间可视化程度,加强干旱监测的时效性尤为重要。本研究基于四川省2007—2016年逐季度的MODIS数据和1961—2011年40个气象站的月降水资料,采用温度植被干旱指数(TVDI)计算得到四川省干旱等级分布情况,辅以标准化降雨指数(SPI)进行相关性分析,并通过线性回归、反距离权重空间插值、GIS空间分析模型重建等方法,分析近十年来四川省地区以季度为时间尺度的土壤干旱时空变化特征,制作各时相土壤干旱分布图展示其微变化。结果表明:(1)在月时间尺度上,SPI-1与TVDI呈中等至强负相关关系,即TVDI值越小,SPI值越大,干旱程度越轻;验证结果表明TVDI都能够较好地对四川省的干旱空间分布状况进行反映。(2)四川省各区域、各季节干旱分布不均:空间上,干旱频发的区域集中在四川盆地及攀西南部区域。时间上,在春季,四川盆地区域的土壤干旱程度大致呈现加剧—持续—减缓的趋势;夏季,四川盆地的干旱变化趋势是加剧—减缓—加剧;秋季,四川盆地的干旱变化趋势是加剧—减缓—持续减缓;冬季,全川干旱程度变化不明显。本文的研究结果对四川省开展农业防灾减灾,引导农业灌溉具有指导意义。  相似文献   

基于GIS的石家庄市雾霾分析     

苏亚聪  史娟  徐爽 《北京测绘》2020,(2):233-237

为了得出雾霾气象成因机制、影响因素和时空分布特征,以石家庄市区与郊县为研究区域,将2013年9月至2016年12月石家庄市各市区、郊县的PM2.5历史监测数据中的有效数据进行了数据分析处理得到雾霾浓度数据,还有温度、降水、风速、地形和人口密度等数据,运用GIS分析的方法,模拟绘制石家庄雾霾的时空分布图、雾霾与各影响因子的专题对比图,得到雾霾形成机制的因子、雾霾的时空分布规律、雾霾季节变化特征、雾霾与地形间的关系等;运用数据分析软件OriginPro8.SR3分析雾霾浓度与风速数据、降雨数据、温度数据间的相关性。  相似文献