内蒙古中部地区形变主要干扰的时频响应特征分析     

张小艳  熊峰  王旭东  赵星  刘永梅  刘芳 《中国地震》2019,35(4):718-725

选取内蒙古中部地区定点形变观测中受降雨、大风、气压干扰以及地震波影响的典型数据，采用S变换，对该地区形变观测中4种主要干扰信号的时频响应特征进行分析与讨论。结果表明，降雨干扰信号主要集中在低频区域，其频率先增大后减小；大风干扰表现为高频干扰，时频域能量强度与观测曲线受风扰影响变化幅度成正比；气压干扰信号的优势频率分布在低频段内；地震波影响中VP垂直摆和JCZ地震计记录的地震波较为相似，但VP垂直摆记录的频段要小于JCZ地震计，VP垂直摆主要记录的是低频地震波。同时，4种干扰信号的时频域频率、能量强度随时间变化趋势与数据观测时域变化趋势相一致。  相似文献   

海水人工湿地系统脱氮效果与基质酶活性的相关性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴俊泽  王艳艳  李悦悦  祝佳玄  曲克明  崔正国 《海洋科学》2019,43(5):36-44

利用海水人工湿地系统处理海水养殖外排水,分析了人工湿地对不同形态氮的净化效果,探讨了人工湿地表层基质酶活性变化及其对系统脱氮效果的影响。选取互花米草作为人工湿地植物,煤渣、珊瑚石和细砂作为人工湿地基质,实验期间连续进水,系统运行稳定。研究结果表明:海水人工湿地系统对氨氮(NH4-N)、亚硝态氮(NO2-N)、硝态氮(NO3-N)、总氮(TN)和可溶性有机氮(DON)去除效果显著,去除率分别为(99.6±0.7)%、(99.9±0.0)%、(98.2±2.0)%、(92.6±1.5)%和(86.1±4.8)%。人工湿地表层基质下行池脱氢酶、硝酸还原酶和脲酶的酶活性均高于上行池,下行池对污染物的去除效果更好。脱氢酶活性与海水人工湿地系统氨氮的去除有关;硝酸还原酶活性影响着海水人工湿地硝态氮的去除;脲酶活性与人工湿地总氮和硝态氮的去除存在明显相关趋势。下行池硝酸还原酶和脲酶的酶活性间具有显著相关性(r=0.76, P0.05)。人工湿地微生物种类丰富,下行池微生物多样性高于上行池,植物根部微生物多样性最高,提高了系统脱氮的效率。上述研究结果将有助于阐明海水人工湿地系统中不同形态氮的迁移转化机理。  相似文献   

Season Effects on Subsurface Constructed Wetlands Performance: Role of Radial Oxygen Loss of Phragmites australis     

Qian Wang  Zhenfeng Cao  Yanbiao Hu  Qiang Kong  Fei Xu  Yuanda Du  Congcong Zhao 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(8)

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Moringa‐Seed‐Based Coagulant Removes Microcystins Dissolved in Water     

Selma Gouvea‐Barros  Maria d. C. Bittencourt‐Oliveira  Jos E. S. Paterniani 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(6)

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Constructing the Klamath: Nature,Culture, and the Management of a Western River     

Zander Albertson 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(7):790-806

Despite decades of scientific research, stakeholder negotiations, and policy proposals, management of the Klamath River in southern Oregon and northern California remains hotly contested. This research examines the sociocultural dimensions of proposed removal of four Klamath River dams. Using a social constructivist approach to analyze the discourse of public comments regarding dam removal, I find commenters rely on diverse ideas of nature and divergent problem framings, contest the role of science, and draw on embedded and meaningful sociocultural narratives to legitimize their management preferences. These discourses shape the terrain upon which management actions are perceived, valued, and contested, and make management actions meaningful beyond their immediate spatial and temporal context. Dam removal on the Klamath River is far more than an ecological problem amenable to a scientific or technical approach; instead, it is a complex project shot through with the sociocultural identities, visions, and narratives of all involved.  相似文献   

海马齿浮床对富营养化海湾营养盐削减的模型评价：以东山湾八尺门养殖海域为例     

刘学海  蒲新明  罗东莲  芦静  刘自力 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(12):91-100

Many coastal seas are severely eutrophic and required to reduce nutrient concentrations to meet a certain water quality standard. We proposed a method for nutrient removal by planting Sesuvium portulacastrum at the water surface using the floating beds in the aquaculture area of the Dongshan Bay as an example, which is an important net-cage culture base in China and where dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate(DIP) reach 0.75 mg/L and 0.097 mg/L, respectively far exceeding China's Grade IV water quality standards.Numerical simulations were taken using the ecological model, field observations and field plantation experimental results to assess the environmental restoration effects of planting S. portulacastrum at some certain spatial scales. Our field experiments suggested that the herbs can absorb 377 g/m~2 nitrogen and 22.9 g/m~2 phosphorus in eight months with an inserting density of ～60 shoot/m~2. The numerical experiments show that the greater the plantation area is, the more nutrient removal. Plantation in ～12% of the study area could lower nutrients to the required Grade II standards, i.e., 0.2 mg/LDIN≤0.3 mg/L and 0.015 mg/LDIP≤0.03 mg/L.Here the phytoremediation method and results provide helpful references for environmental restoration in other eutrophic seas.  相似文献   

山西定襄地震台发电干扰地磁观测数据的原因及排除方法     

刘金柱  刘俊芳  高午原  郭宇  高文玉 《山西地震》2014,(3):27-29

在定襄地震台地磁观测中,地磁仪易受到发电机的供电干扰,文章通过对观测数据的分析,进一步找出干扰的原因,并提出排除方法。同时,对影响地磁观测的其他因素进行分析,以提高地磁观测资料的精度,保证仪器运行的稳定性。  相似文献   

Targeting carbon dioxide removal in the European Union     

Oliver Geden  Glen P. Peters  Vivian Scott 《Climate Policy》2019,19(4):487-494

In principle, many climate policymakers have accepted that large-scale carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is necessary to meet the Paris Agreement’s mitigation targets, but they have avoided proposing by whom CDR might be delivered. Given its role in international climate policy, the European Union (EU) might be expected to lead the way. But among EU climate policymakers so far there is little talk on CDR, let alone action. Here we assess how best to ‘target’ CDR to motivate EU policymakers exploring which CDR target strategy may work best to start dealing with CDR on a meaningful scale. A comprehensive CDR approach would focus on delivering the CDR volumes required from the EU by 2100, approximately at least 50 Gigatonnes (Gt) CO₂, according to global model simulations aiming to keep warming below 2°C. A limited CDR approach would focus on an intermediate target to deliver the CDR needed to reach ‘net zero emissions’ (i.e. the gross negative emissions needed to offset residual positive emissions that are too expensive or even impossible to mitigate). We argue that a comprehensive CDR approach may be too intimidating for EU policymakers. A limited CDR approach that only addresses the necessary steps to reach the (intermediate) target of ‘net zero emissions’ is arguably more achievable, since it is a better match to the existing policy paradigm and would allow for a pragmatic phase-in of CDR while avoiding outright resistance by environmental NGOs and the broader public.

Key policy insights

• Making CDR an integral part of EU climate policy has the potential to significantly reshape the policy landscape.

• Burden sharing considerations would probably play a major role, with comprehensive CDR prolonging the disparity and tensions between progressives and laggards.

• Introducing limited CDR in the context of ‘net zero’ pathways would retain a visible primary focus on decarbonization but acknowledge the need for a significant enhancement of removals via ‘natural’ and/or ‘engineered’ sinks.

• A decarbonization approach that intends to lead to a low level of ‘residual emissions’ (to be tackled by a pragmatic phase-in of CDR) should be the priority of EU climate policy.

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河南一次西南涡暴雨的大气排熵指数特征分析     

张霞  王新敏  高媛媛 《气象与环境科学》2015,38(1):26-33

应用耗散结构理论,基于广义相当位温构建大气排熵指数,利用常规观测资料、地面加密自动站雨量资料、NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料等,对2008年7月21—23日一次西南低涡东移造成的河南省大范围暴雨过程的大气排熵指数进行诊断分析,结果表明:大气排熵指数的演变与此次西南涡暴雨落区和雨强关系密切,暴雨落在负排熵指数中心偏南一侧,大雨以上降水分布在排熵指数负值中心轴线附近及其偏南侧;强降水开始前,排熵指数明显减小,强降水持续时间与排熵指数低值维持时间联系紧密;雨强不仅与排熵指数低值有关,且与低值维持时间、6h变化量也有密切关系。排熵指数低值中心位置和中心值的强弱变化与该个例中西南低涡中心位置和其强弱变化具有较好一致性。  相似文献   

不同坡度缓冲带滞缓径流及污染物去除定量化   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

吴建强 《水科学进展》2011,22(1):112-117

利用构建的东风港缓冲带现场试验基地和设计的径流流量测定装置,模拟上海地区农业面源污染物浓度和典型单次降雨历时及降雨量,对不同坡度缓冲带滞缓径流和农田氮磷污染物去除能力开展定量化试验研究。结果表明:相同植被缓冲带,坡度越小,其滞缓径流和土壤水力渗透的能力越强,19 m长的2%坡度缓冲带径流初始出水时间比5%坡度缓冲带延长了7.3 min,两者的渗流水量比值达到1.74;不同坡度缓冲带渗流氮磷污染物去除量显著高于径流,2%、3%、4%和5%坡度缓冲带对于氮磷污染物的渗流去除量与径流去除量的比值分别为2.32、2.15、1.82和1.64;坡度的变化对缓冲带净化面源氮磷污染物效果的影响显著,坡度越小,缓冲带渗流水量越大,其氮磷污染物的总去除率和单位面积去除负荷也越高,2%坡度缓冲带对氮磷污染的总去除率和单位面积污染去除负荷分别是5%坡度的1.56倍和1.66倍,2%坡度缓冲带对TN、NH₃--N、TP的单位面积去除负荷均最高,分别达到0.661 g/m2、0.672 g/m2和0.044 g/m2。  相似文献