来自海底高速层径向波的理论地震图研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

姚陈  郝重涛 《地球物理学报》2018,61(1):216-229

本文利用各向异性反射率技术计算理论地震图，提出海底高速薄层会产生沿高速层水平传播的波（简称径向波），这种波在水层中作为P波，在固液界面激发下行横波，该均匀横波以临界角入射高速薄层，在层内作为超临界角的非均匀横波水平传播，再以临界角转换为上行传播的均匀横波，最终在固液界面上行透射转换为水层中P波.高速薄层传播的径向波不同于界面折射波，也不同于具有频散的面波和通道波.理论地震图的研究表明，径向波具有线性时距，能与海底强反射具有同等振幅水平；径向波有其振幅、时距位置和斜率这些观测记录参数，分别对应高速层的厚度、深度和近似的横波速度；径向波可以克服折射波解释中遇到的振幅强弱和高速层速度等困难.径向波可作为探测海底高速薄层的有力工具，对于研究高速层屏蔽、海底反射类型的多样性和相应的资料处理解释有重要意义.  相似文献   

辽宁海洋生态补偿机制创新与实践路径探讨          下载免费PDF全文

包特力根白乙 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(5):93-99

辽宁海洋生态补偿研究文献甚少,直面主要课题是机制创新。文章基于公共物品理论、外部性理论、生态价值理论、环境正义理论和可持续发展理论,遵循行为明确性原则、科学性原则、协商性原则、可操作性原则和动态性原则,依照海洋生态系统服务功能、海洋资源资产服务功能、海洋生态系统损害评估、海洋生态系统损失评估报告、海洋生态系统补偿与受偿主体确定、海洋生态系统补偿金额确定、海洋生态系统补偿执行、海洋生态系统补偿监控、海洋生态系统补偿评估与终结等运作程序创建了海洋生态补偿机制。进而,从提升社会公众认知、明确生态补偿制度、完善生态补偿机制、选定价值评估方法和评估生态补偿效益维度,探讨了海洋生态补偿实践路径。  相似文献   

2017年6月16日湖北秭归Ms4.3地震成因初探     

李伟  储日升  王烁帆 《地震》2019,39(3):28-42

北京时间2017年6月16日19时48分, 湖北省秭归县发生M_S4.3地震(震中位置31.06°N, 110.48°E)。 此次地震导致当地160多间建筑物出现不同程度损坏, 100多人生活受到影响, 震区中危岩体出现一定程度破坏。 分析此次地震的震源参数将有助于了解其震源特征和发震机制。 本文首先获取了震中距在3°以内的40个宽频带固定台站的三分量数据, 然后利用FK(Frequency wavenumber)方法计算了在不同深度下Crust2.0模型和改进的1-D模型的格林函数, 分别使用Cut And Paste(CAP)方法反演得到本次地震的震源机制解和深度; 并采用基阶Rayleigh波振幅谱进一步约束了质心深度。 结果表明此次地震的最佳震源机制解的节面Ⅰ: 68°/59°/163°; 节面Ⅱ: 166°/75°/32°, 最佳矩震级为M_W4.3, 最佳深度约为5 km。 对比2013年巴东地震、 2014年秭归地震以及2011年湖北阳新—江西瑞昌地震的震源参数和余震信息, 此次地震有可能是水库诱发地震, 但要判断成因还需进一步研究。  相似文献   

The mechanism and verification analysis of permafrost-associated gas hydrate formation in the Qilian Mountain,Northwest China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Muri Basin in the Qilian Mountain is the only permafrost area in China where gas hydrate samples have been obtained through scientific drilling. Fracture-filling hydrate is the main type of gas hydrate found in the Qilian Mountain permafrost. Most of gas hydrate samples had been found in a thin-layer-like, flake and block group in a fracture of Jurassic mudstone and oil shale, although some pore-filling hydrate was found in porous sandstone. The mechanism for gas hydrate formation in the Qilian Mountain permafrost is as follows: gas generation from source rock was controlled by tectonic subsidence and uplift--gas migration and accumulation was controlled by fault and tight formation--gas hydrate formation and accumulation was controlled by permafrost. Some control factors for gas hydrate formation in the Qilian Mountain permafrost were analyzed and validated through numerical analysis and laboratory experiments. CSMGem was used to estimate the gas hydrate stability zone in the Qilian permafrost at a depth of 100–400 m. This method was used to analyze the gas composition of gas hydrate to determine the gas composition before gas hydrate formation. When the overlying formation of gas accumulation zone had a permeability of 0.05 × 10⁻¹⁵ m² and water saturation of more than 0.8, gas from deep source rocks was sealed up to form the gas accumulation zone. Fracture-filling hydrate was formed in the overlap area of gas hydrate stability zone and gas accumulation zone. The experimental results showed that the lithology of reservoir played a key role in controlling the occurrence and distribution of gas hydrate in the Qilian Mountain permafrost.  相似文献   

Stability of source mechanisms inverted from P‐wave amplitude microseismic monitoring data acquired at the surface     

Tijmen Jan Moser 《Geophysical Prospecting》2014,62(3):475-490

We study the stability of source mechanisms inverted from data acquired at surface and near‐surface monitoring arrays. The study is focused on P‐wave data acquired on vertical components, as this is the most common type of acquisition. We apply ray modelling on three models: a fully homogeneous isotropic model, a laterally homogeneous isotropic model and a laterally homogeneous anisotropic model to simulate three commonly used models in inversion. We use geometries of real arrays, one consisting in surface receivers and one consisting in ‘buried’ geophones at the near‐surface. Stability was tested for two of the frequently observed source mechanisms: strike‐slip and dip‐slip and was evaluated by comparing the parameters of correct and inverted mechanisms. We assume these double‐couple source mechanisms and use quantitatively the inversion allowing non‐double‐couple components to measure stability of the inversion. To test the robustness we inverted synthetic amplitudes computed for a laterally homogeneous isotropic model and contaminated with noise using a fully homogeneous model in the inversion. Analogously amplitudes computed in a laterally homogeneous anisotropic model were inverted in all three models. We show that a star‐like surface acquisition array provides very stable inversion up to a very high level of noise in data. Furthermore, we reveal that strike‐slip inversion is more stable than dip‐slip inversion for the receiver geometries considered here. We show that noise and an incorrect velocity model may result in narrow bands of source mechanisms in Hudson's plots.  相似文献   

The Effect and Mechanism of UV Disinfection on the Inactivation of a Planktonic Freshwater Copepods (Limnoithona sinensis)          下载免费PDF全文

Tao Lin  Jian Zhang  Wei Chen  Ying Sun 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(1):43-50

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沪昆客专沙坡特大桥危岩落石形成机制及防治措施研究     

唐兵 《地质灾害与环境保护》2017,28(1)

沪昆高铁贵昆段沙坡特大桥线路左侧多处危岩落石对大桥构成一定威胁。本文在对区域地质环境和危岩体结构特征的调查的基础上,利用无人机航拍技术,查明了沙坡双线特大桥左侧山坡坡顶裂缝及围岩体的分布,研究了该处危岩落石体的形成的机制,并提出了采用梯形垛反压、清方、灌浆以及局部支挡的防治措施,取得了良好的经济效益,同时保障了沪昆客专安全、有序运营。  相似文献   

Shear-tensile crack as a tool for reliable estimates of the non-double-couple mechanism: West Bohemia-Vogtland earthquake 1997 swarm     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2016

Shear-tensile crack is a model for an earthquake mechanism that is more constrained than the moment tensor but that can still describe a non-shear focus. As such, the shear-tensile crack model is more robust than the moment tensor model and yields more reliable estimates for the earthquake mechanism. Such an advantage verifies the credibility of the non-double-couple component found for some events of the 1997 West Bohemia-Vogtland earthquake swarm. As expected, in several cases, a significantly resolved non-double-couple component was obtained where the moment tensor approach failed. Additionally, for non-shear sources, the shear-tensile crack model offers optimization of the Poisson number within the focus, concurrently with retrieval of the mechanism. However, results obtained for the joint inversion of the 1997 swarm indicate that resolution is low. A series of synthetic experiments indicated that limited observations during 1997 were not the cause. Rather, hypothetical experiments of both very good and extremely poor network configurations similarly yielded a low resolution for the Poisson number. Applying this method to data for recent swarms is irrelevant because the small non-double-couple components detected within the inversion are spurious and, thus, the events are pure double-couple phenomena.  相似文献   

汶川大型地震滑坡的类型及启程剧动机理研究     

赵晓彦  胡厚田 《工程地质学报》2015,23(1):78-85

2008年汶川大地震诱发大型地震滑坡300余处,造成了巨大的生命财产损失,研究其发生机理有重要的理论意义和防灾减灾的实用价值.经收集分析已有地震滑坡的研究成果及多次深入现场调查,本文发现众多大型地震滑坡发生时都伴随有区别于汶川主震的地面震动,并将其称为滑坡地面震动,简称滑坡震动.本文在论述滑坡震动依据、成因及特征的基础上,根据滑坡震动力与主震力的组合情况及其对大型地震滑坡的影响不同,将汶川地震滑坡划分为3种类型:主震型地震滑坡,迟震型地震滑坡和同震型地震滑坡.认为主震型地震滑坡在主震结束前滑动,其主导失稳力学因素为主震力和重力,无滑坡震动或可忽略; 同震型地震滑坡亦在主震结束前滑动,但其主导失稳力学因素除主震力和重力外,滑坡震动力起重要作用; 迟震型地震滑坡在主震结束后滑动,主导失稳力学因素为滑坡震动力和重力.认为大型地震滑坡地面震动的发生与活断层导致地震类似,据此提出了滑坡震动加速度的估算方法,并以此为基础分析研究了各类型地震滑坡的启程剧动机理.  相似文献   

Governance and technology transfer in the Clean Development Mechanism in India     

Jon Phillips  Kasturi Das  Peter Newell 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(6):1594-1604

Despite significant technological advances in emerging economies, the further development of clean energy technologies in developing countries remains crucial to reducing the greenhouse gas emissions associated with economic development. In this paper we address two significant gaps in the growing body of literature that has assessed the role of the Clean Development Mechanism in promoting the transfer of clean technologies to developing countries. First, we present a qualitative analysis of the governance of the Clean Development Mechanism in India. This provides a basis for understanding the extent to which and the ways in which governance may impact upon the likelihood that projects promote technology transfer. Second, we provide a novel quantification of the level and nature of technology transfer that has occurred in Indian Clean Development Mechanism projects, based on insights from literature on technological capability building. We find that the Clean Development Mechanism in India has produced a negligible number of projects that promote technology transfer if technology transfer is understood as a process of learning about technology. Together these qualitative and quantitative analyses show how politics and governance have contributed to the current form of the Clean Development Mechanism market in India, in which processes of building indigenous technological capabilities have been neglected.  相似文献