全新世环境考古研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

崔建新  周尚哲  常宏 《冰川冻土》2005,27(6):913-919

环境考古研究是国际上的热点问题之一, 尤其是针对全新世以来的研究. 以往的研究主要集中在气候突变事件对新石器文化的影响、人类对环境变迁的调整与适应、人类对于环境的影响与干预以及史前农业与气候环境的相关等方面. 研究结果表明: 极端气候事件的确对人类文化与农业文明产生了深远影响, 但是人类也一定程度上对气候变迁做出了调整与响应. 尽管在很长时间内, 人类处于被动角色, 但是随着时间延续, 人与自然间关系也发生重大变动, 逐步演变为人类对于自然的强烈影响与干预. 目前各国科学家对此两个问题的讨论已经逐步摆脱定性阶段, 开始向定量化方向发展. 孢粉、磁化率、有机质等代用指标的运用, 使得这一领域具有了更为广阔的前景和生命力. 史前农业的研究牵涉的内容较为复杂, 包括农业起源、农业传播以及农业发展过程中的诸多问题, 它们与气候以及人类活动的关系一直是环境考古学家努力探索的方向, 至今该领域的研究仍然存在很大争论和分歧.  相似文献   

Dating Neolithic rubble layers from Ba'ja and Basta sites in southern Jordan using luminescence     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

There is considerable evidence of widespread damage in the 7th millennium habitation sites across Jordan. The origins of this damage are unknown, but the most widely accepted hypothesis associates the resulting rubble and gravel deposits with the Holocene Rapid Climate Change. One way of testing the various hypotheses is to provide a more reliable chronology for the event(s) in question. In this study, we used quartz OSL and feldspar IRSL signals to date accumulative rubble layers at two archaeological sites in Southern Jordan; Ba'ja and Basta. By comparison with the OSL ages, the IRSL ages demonstrate that most of the quartz samples were sufficiently well bleached at deposition to provide accurate ages. Quartz ages show that deposition of the rubble layers took place in different episodes starting around 8.5 ka and 6.0 ka. Ages from Ba'ja site agree with the archaeological expectations of time of deposition. However, the results from Basta are younger than the archaeological expectations, which are based mainly on architectural style and stratigraphy.  相似文献   

Spectacular Macau: Visioning futures for a World Heritage City     

《Geoforum》2015

This paper examines the conflicting sentiments generated by Macau’s recent developments and how these dynamics have helped galvanize particular visions among Macau’s residents holding different possessive relationships to the city. More specifically, it explores these processes through the simultaneous construction of two incongruent landscapes: a fantasyland of gaming and leisure propelled by the liberalization of the casino industry, and a ‘historic city of culture’ exemplified by Macau’s newly acquired UNESCO World Heritage City status. Building on Debord’s conception of the dialectic of the spectacle, this paper illustrates how the growing support for heritage conservation in Macau has been propelled by a shared anxiety over the phenomenal changes brought by an expanding casino industry and concomitant erosion of Macau’s cultural identity. Through extensive interviews with local architects, conservation experts and activists, I elucidate how the designation of Macau as a World Heritage City has helped consolidate particular sets of moral claims around heritage and culture as well as introduced new commodifications of the environment that cannot be easily delinked from other spaces of the ‘spectacle city’.  相似文献   

Evidence for climatic variability and its impact on human development during the Neolithic from Loughmeenaghan,County Sligo,Ireland     

Susann Stolze  Walter Dörfler  Thomas Monecke  Oliver Nelle 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(4):393-403

High‐resolution pollen and geochemical analyses conducted on a sediment profile from a small lake in County Sligo, Ireland, revealed that human development during the Neolithic was influenced by pronounced climatic oscillations. The primeval woodland around the lake experienced a considerable transformation coinciding with the elm decline at 3810 BC. The subsequent increase in summer temperatures and decrease in precipitation favoured wheat cultivation in the lake's catchment area, which was practised for approximately 140 years. A shift towards pastoral farming took place with the establishment of exceptionally dry conditions between 3650 and 3560 BC, when lake level and influx of allochthonous material were notably low. The onset of cool and wet conditions at the transition from the Early to Middle Neolithic possibly caused the initial decline of human activity in the area. Periods of particularly high precipitation during the Middle and early Late Neolithic contributed to the abandonment of the area by the first farmers. Comparison of the proxy record from the study site with other palynological and archaeological records from Ireland suggests that climatic variability on the decadal to centennial scale represented a primary control on the nature and duration of farming practices during the Neolithic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

厦门同安西柯对虾养殖池的细菌数量动态   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

林美兰  倪纯治  刘文华  叶德赞  周宗澄  林燕顺  曾活水 《台湾海峡》1998,(2)

本文研究了对虾养成期间养殖池生态系中细菌的数量动态，探讨其变化规律与虾病的关系。结果表明，总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌在水体、底质和虾体中的数量变化各异。在水体各菌数与其环境因子的关系中，除了总菌数与COD存在着正相关外，其它的不存在相关性。虾体的总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌的数量（以细胞计）可以用来预报虾病，三者的阅值分别为107个　／g（湿重）、105个／g（湿重）和104介／g（湿重）。通过对对虾的细菌学跟踪监测，可以及时采取有效的应急防治措施。  相似文献   

白脊藤壶(Balanus albicostatus)应用于天然海洋防污产物筛选模型的研究          下载免费PDF全文

冯丹青  柯才焕  卢昌义  李少菁 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(4)

采用生态学单因子梯度试验方法,进行了白脊藤壶金星幼体的室内培养以及附着基、温度、盐度、幼体密度和幼体低温保存时间等因子分别对白脊藤壶金星幼体附着的影响的研究,结果表明,在培养水体为水温25℃、盐度30的膜滤海水,幼体培养密度为1只/ml,饵料为牟氏角毛藻,投饵量为(0.75-5)×10 5 cells/ml的培养条件下,白脊藤壶无节幼体在培养4天后即大部分顺利发育至金星幼体阶段,实现了白脊藤壶金星幼体在实验室内的大量培养.另一方面,实验结果还表明,在白脊藤壶金星幼体附着抑制实验中,玻璃培养皿和聚苯乙烯六孔板都可采用作为附着基,温度、盐度、幼体密度及幼体低温保存时间的适宜范围分别为20-35℃、15-45、1-20只/ml和0-8天.本研究结果揭示了白脊藤壶可作为筛选天然海洋防污产物的模型生物,并确定了其基础实验条件的适宜范围.  相似文献   

兰州盆地新石器时期遗址分布与地形的关系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

姜梦迪  张鹏丽  梁博毅  李育 《干旱区地理》2020,43(1):27-37

研究遗址和地形等环境要素的关系有助于理解人地关系的作用机制。基于GIS空间分析和二元逻辑斯蒂模型分析了兰州盆地新石器时期马家窑和齐家文化遗址空间分布的特征、变化规律及影响因素，定量研究了地形等环境要素与遗址分布的关系。结果表明：新石器时期的马家窑文化、半山文化、马厂文化和齐家文化遗址均沿黄河分布，主要集中于河流阶地上坡度较小的区域。距河流的水平最近距离为318.6~17 721.7 m。新石器遗址特别是马厂遗址的空间集聚性明显。从马家窑类型、半山类型，发展到马厂类型，单一型遗址的占比逐渐由53.3%增多至92.6%。马厂类型的分布中心距离黄河最近。地形等环境要素显著影响遗址的空间分布，遗址出现概率主要受坡度、坡向和距黄河最近距离的影响，模型的解释程度可达65.0%。引入历史时期和现代聚落进行比较，历史时期聚落分布受到高程和坡度的影响，而现代聚落的分布主要受到高程、坡度和距河流距离的影响。聚落分布和影响因素的演变可能受到社会生产力发展的影响。  相似文献   

A 7000-year record of environmental change,including early farming impact,based on lake-sediment geochemistry and pollen data from County Sligo,western Ireland     

Michael O'Connell  Beatrice Ghilardi  Liam Morrison 《Quaternary Research》2014

Detailed, chronologically tightly constrained, lake-sediment-based geochemical and pollen records have enabled local changes in soil erosion, woodland cover and composition, and prehistoric farming impact to be reconstructed in considerable detail. The profile opens shortly after 7800 BC when tall canopy trees were well-established and presumably in equilibrium with their environment. A distinct perturbation that involved an increase in pine and birch, a decrease in oak and a minor opening-up of the woodland is regarded as the local expression of the 8.2 ka climate anomaly. Lack of response in the geochemical erosional indicators is interpreted as evidence for drier conditions. A short-lived, over-compensation in climate recovery followed the 8.2 ka event. Neolithic farming impact is clearly expressed in both the pollen and geochemical data. Both datasets indicate that Neolithic impact was concentrated in the early Neolithic (3715–3440 BC). In the interval 3000–2700 BC there appears to have been a break in farming activity. The pollen data suggest substantially increased farming impact (both arable and pastoral) in the Bronze Age, with maximum farming and woodland clearances taking place in the late Bronze Age (1155–935 BC). These developments are poorly expressed in the geochemical record, possibly due to within-lake changes.  相似文献   

浅谈我国高校开设民俗类公共选修课的意义     

刘岚 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(5):130-133

在分析民俗类公共选修课在高校中受欢迎的原因的基础上,探讨了高校开设民俗类公共选修课的意义:(1)学习民俗文化是高校毕业生参与未来国际竞争的需要;(2)让学生了解民俗文化潜在的强制性、规范性和宣泄性;(3)增强学生的民族自豪感和荣誉感;(4)培养高校学生的“和合”观念;(5)帮助学生形成正确的世界观、人生观和价值观等。  相似文献   

城市形象资源和地域文化传统特色研究     

魏晗 《中国勘察设计》2008,(3):77-79

城市是人类的一种社会组织结构形式,与其他任何组织形式一样,城市的发展也需要核心竞争力,核心竞争力依赖于城市核心资源系统的开发和创造。通过城市形象的塑造再创城市新型的核心资源,这已经是一个既成事实,城市形象可以在更高层次保护城市传统资源要素,使其发挥更大的作用。  相似文献