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A.J. Gabric P.A. Matrai R.P. Kiene R. Cropp J.W.H. Dacey G.R. DiTullio R.G. Najjar R. Sim D.A. Toole D.A. delValle D. Slezak 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2008,55(10-13):1505
The major source of reduced sulfur in the remote marine atmosphere is the biogenic compound dimethylsulfide (DMS), which is ubiquitous in the world's oceans and released through food web interactions. Relevant fluxes and concentrations of DMS, its phytoplankton-produced precursor, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and related parameters were measured during an intensive Lagrangian field study in two mesoscale eddies in the Sargasso Sea during July–August 2004, a period characterized by high mixed-layer DMS and low chlorophyll—the so-called ‘DMS summer paradox’. We used a 1-D vertically variable DMS production model forced with output from a 1-D vertical mixing model to evaluate the extent to which the simulated vertical structure in DMS and DMSP was consistent with changes expected from field-determined rate measurements of individual processes, such as photolysis, microbial DMS and dissolved DMSP turnover, and air–sea gas exchange. Model numerical experiments and related parametric sensitivity analyses suggested that the vertical structure of the DMS profile in the upper 60 m was determined mainly by the interplay of the two depth-variable processes—vertical mixing and photolysis—and less by biological consumption of DMS. A key finding from the model calibration was the need to increase the DMS(P) algal exudation rate constant, which includes the effects of cell rupture due to grazing and cell lysis, to significantly higher values than previously used in other regions. This was consistent with the small algal cell size and therefore high surface area-to-volume ratio of the dominant DMSP-producing group—the picoeukaryotes. 相似文献
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厦门西侧海域微微型浮游植物的时空分布及其调控机制 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
分别于１９９７年１０月与１９９８年４月,研究了厦门西侧海域微微型浮游植物类群组成,时空分布及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：厦门西侧涨域微微型浮游植物在类群组成和丰度分布上存在的着在的时空变动;在类群组成上,富含藻蓝素的蓝细菌（ＰＣ细胞）在大多则站占优势（秋、春平均分别为７８％、４１％）,而真核微微型浮游植物（ＥＵ细胞）在九龙江口占优势（秋季高达８０％～１００％）;在丰度分布上,ＰＣ和富含藻红素的蓝细菌（ＰＥ细胞）呈秋季大于春季,而ＥＵ细胞秋春季则相近。与环境因子的回归分析表明,盐度是影响厦门西侧海域微微型浮游植物类群组成和丰度的关键因子,但其与细胞丰度的相关关系因季节不同而异;结果还表明,厦门西海域微微型浮游植物类群组成的多样性与该海域的异质性有关。 相似文献
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Kazuhiko Matsumoto Ken Furuya Takeshi Kawano 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2004,51(12):1319
Climatological variability of picophytoplankton populations that consisted of >64% of total chlorophyll a concentrations was investigated in the equatorial Pacific. Flow cytometric analysis was conducted along the equator between 145°E and 160°W during three cruises in November–December 1999, January 2001, and January–February 2002. Those cruises were covering the La Niña (1999, 2001) and the pre-El Niño (2002) periods. According to the sea surface temperature (SST) and nitrate concentrations in the surface water, three regions were distinguished spatially, viz., the warm-water region with >28 °C SST and nitrate depletion (<0.1 μmol kg−1), the upwelling region with <28 °C SST and high nitrate (>4 μmol kg−1) water, and the in-between frontal zone with low nitrate (0.1–4 μmol kg−1). Picophytoplankton identified as the groups of Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes showed a distinct spatial heterogeneity in abundance corresponding to the watermass distribution. Prochlorococcus was most abundant in the warm-water region, especially in the nitrate-depleted water with >150×103 cells ml−1, Synechococcus in the frontal zone with >15×103 cells ml−1, and picoeukaryotes in the upwelling region with >8×103 cells ml−1. The warm-water region extended eastward with eastward shift of the frontal zone and the upwelling region during the pre-El Niño period. On the contrary, these regions distributed westward during the La Niña period. These climatological fluctuations of the watermass significantly influenced the distribution of picophytoplankton populations. The most abundant area of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus extended eastward and picoeukaryotes developed westward during the pre-El Niño period. The spatial heterogeneity of each picophytoplankton group is discussed here in association with spatial variations in nitrate supply, ambient ammonium concentration, and light field. 相似文献
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丰水期鄱阳湖超微型浮游植物空间分布特征及其影响因子 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2014年夏季对鄱阳湖进行采样调查,以探究超微型浮游植物在鄱阳湖中的空间分布特征及其与环境因子的关系.结果表明,丰水期鄱阳湖超微型浮游植物细胞丰度较高,平均值为1.04×108cells/L,超微蓝藻是超微型浮游植物的优势种群,尤其在北部通江湖区,占总超微藻丰度的比例超过80%.超微藻对总浮游植物净初级生产力和生物量(以叶绿素a浓度表示)贡献率的均值分别为44%和46%.鄱阳湖超微藻在空间分布上存在差异,超微藻丰度和叶绿素a浓度在南部湖区最高,其次是北部湖区,在东部和中部湖区相对较低.北部湖区超微藻对总浮游植物净初级生产力和生物量的贡献率全湖最高,分别能达到60%和50%.相关性分析表明,营养盐对超微型浮游植物生长的作用表现不明显,超微藻对总浮游植物净初级生产力的贡献率与水体透明度呈极显著负相关,水体p H值对超微真核藻丰度有显著影响. 相似文献
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Comparisons of picophytoplankton abundance, size, and fluorescence between summer and winter in northern South China Sea 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Bingzhang Chen Lei WangShuqun Song Bangqin HuangJun Sun Hongbin Liu 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(14):1527-1540
The abundance, size, and fluorescence of picophytoplankton cells were investigated during the summer (July-August of 2009) and winter (January of 2010) extending from near-shore coastal waters to oligotrophic open waters in northern South China Sea, under the influence of contrasting seasonal monsoons. We found that the median abundance of Prochlorococcus averaged over top 150 m decreased nearly 10 times in the winter compared to the summer in the whole survey area, while median abundance of Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes increased 2.6 and 2.4 folds, respectively. Vertical abundance profiles of picoeukaryotes usually formed a subsurface maximum during the summer with the depth of maximal abundances tracking the depth of nutricline, whereas their vertical distributions were more uniform during the winter. Size and cellular fluorescence of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus usually increased with depth in the summer, while the size of picoeukaryotes was smallest at the depth of maximal abundances. Size, cellular fluorescence, and chlorophyll-to-carbon ratio of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus in surface waters were generally higher in the winter than in the summer and onshore than offshore, probably resulting from different temperature, nutrient, and light environments as well as different ecotype compositions. Prochlorococcus cells were most abundant in warm and oligotrophic environments, while the abundance of Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes was the highest in waters with intermediate chlorophyll and nutrient concentrations. The distributional patterns of picophytoplankton groups are consistent with their specific physiology documented in previous studies and can be possibly predicted by environmental physical and chemical variables. 相似文献
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胶州湾微微型浮游植物丰度及其与环境因子的相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用流式细胞仪对胶州湾微微型浮游植物4个季节的丰度分布进行了研究,并分析了微微型浮游植物与环境因子的相关性。结果表明,聚球藻的丰度在2.17×102—2.329×104个/ml之间,高值区主要分布在湾内西部和湾口海域;仅夏季、冬季丰度之间有显著性差异;夏季在垂直分布上差异显著,在B3、C4、D5连续站昼夜变化趋势基本一致,分别在13:00和3:00出现峰值。微微型真核浮游植物的丰度分布在1.028×103—8.651×104个/ml之间,主要活跃于湾内西部海域;四季丰度在垂直分布上差异不显著;春、夏季丰度明显高于秋、冬季;夏季连续站昼夜变化趋势与聚球藻基本一致。通过主成分分析表明,聚球藻和微微型真核浮游植物丰度在不同季节受不同环境因子的影响,在冬季与温度有关,温度升高,二者的丰度增高。在其它季节,二者丰度主要受营养盐等环境因子的影响。 相似文献
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海洋微微型蓝细菌分子生态学研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
微微型蓝细菌是迄今发现最小也是最古老的光合自养生物,在海洋中分布极广且丰度较高,作为重要的初级生产者对全球碳循环和海洋食物网具有重要贡献。在长期进化中微微型蓝细菌形成简并基因组和高度多样性,其分子生态学的研究能够为理解生物的基因型、表型与生态型的关系以及生物的适应性进化提供关键科学依据。借助分子生物技术的发展,海洋微微型蓝细菌分子生态学近年来的研究揭示了其分布的时空变化特征、不同亚型微尺度分布差异及影响分布的主要环境因子,探讨了环境因子影响下基因组在功能和表达上传递的适应机制信息。通过进一步扩充和挖掘基因组信息,结合分布规律论证微微型蓝细菌在分子水平上的环境适应机制,是实现生态系统微微型蓝细菌功能模块精细化数值模拟的关键,也是未来研究的主要方向和重要内容。 相似文献
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Temporal and spatial variations in Synechococcus abundance were investigated over an annual cycle (February'10–January'11) along a salinity gradient (0–35) in the tropical Zuari estuary, influenced by south-west monsoons. Synechococcus exhibited salinity preferences with phycoerythrin-rich cells at salinities >2 (Synechococcus-PEI), >20 (Synechococcus-PEII) and <1 (Synechococcus-PEIII) whereas phycocyanin-rich (Synechococcus-PC) dominant at lower salinities. Downstream stratification during monsoon caused Synechococcus group segregation in the surface and near-bottom waters. During monsoon-break and non-monsoon period stabilized waters, increased salinity, temperature, solar radiation and low rainfall favored high Synechococcus abundance whereas unstable waters, increased turbidity and low solar radiation during active monsoon lowered abundance. SYN-PC positively co-related with nitrate and phosphate and SYN-PEI with phosphate. Synechococcus contribution to phytoplankton carbon biomass ranged from 9 to 29%. In monsoonal estuaries, rainfall intensity regulates freshwater runoff which modulates the estuarine environment, creating temporal–spatial niche segregation of Synechococcus groups thereby serving as indicator organisms of the estuarine hydrodynamics. 相似文献
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