排序方式： 共有10条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1
1.
2.
A field instrument designed for continuous radon measurement is described. It is based on a solid state electronic sensor that is housed in a rugged casing that also contains its associated electronics. This lightweight device is designed for selective counting of
α-decays with recorded count values over specified intervals being stored within the device. Real time data processing to reject spurious values is automatically performed by the instrument. Data are downloaded by means of a handheld or a laptop computer. The energy provided by alkaline batteries ensures 2 months of continuous recording in the field. Example of radon anomalies are exhibited. 相似文献
3.
本文分析由单片机组成的新型温度测量系统的优越性和可实现性、并对单片机和两种新型温度传感器作了详尽的介绍、给出了技术数据和实验曲线、对测温和控温有实用意义。系统的主要部份已应用于实际科研课题。 相似文献
4.
Many of the sampling methods used in oceanographic sciences today date back decades, if not centuries. Although there has been a marked change in how sampling for chemical oceanography is carried out it still relies on taking samples of seawater from a research vessel in most cases. Assessing processes on small timescales as well as transient events requires higher temporal and spatial resolution of measurements; long time series stations require high duration deployments of instruments. Both requirements can only be adequately satisfied by in situ sensors; for the physical parameters off the shelf instruments are available, in the field of chemical oceanography only a few parameters, such as oxygen, are covered by off the shelf instruments, for most parameters adequate instrumentation only exists in the form of prototypes, if at all. Chemical in situ sensors are needed to gain new insights in how the oceans and the life in it works. 相似文献
5.
Denis Mougenot 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(5):922-933
The broadband capabilities of marine, seabed, and land seismic equipment are reviewed with respect to both the source and the receiver sides. In marine acquisition, the main issue at both ends of the spectrum relates to ghosts occurring at the sea surface. Broadband deghosting requires towing at variable depth to introduce notch diversity or using new equipment like multi‐component and/or low‐noise streamers. As a result, a doubling of the bandwidth from about three to six octaves (2.5–200 Hz) has been achieved. Such improvement is not yet observed for seabed surveys in spite of deghosting being a standard process on the receiver side. One issue may be related to the coupling of the particle motion sensor, particularly at high frequencies. For land acquisition, progress came from the vibrators. New shakers and control electronics using broadband sweeps made it possible to add two more octaves to the low‐frequency signal (from 8 to 2 Hz). Whereas conventional 10 Hz geophones are still able to record such low frequencies, 5 Hz high gain geophones or digital accelerometers enhance them to keep the signal above the noise floor. On the high end of the bandwidth, progress is not limited by equipment specifications. Here, the issue is related to a low signal‐to‐noise ratio due to the strong absorption that occurs during signal propagation. To succeed in enlarging the bandwidth, these improved equipment and sweeps must be complemented by a denser spatial sampling of the wavefield by point–source and point–receiver acquisition. 相似文献
6.
Reliable performance is the key requirement for instruments used in offshore moored buoys for cyclone monitoring, as under performance of the sensors can have a serious impact on the societal protection, and in addition, lead to costly repair and reinstallations. The instrument selection and application practices are based on the experiences of the global scientific community, and their performances are monitored based on IEC61508 standards. Reliability modeling based on experiences in the operation and maintenance of moored surface buoys for approximately two decades has identified that the sensor suite used for cyclone monitoring has a Mean Time Between Failure of 0.6 years, which is the basis of the implemented reliability centered maintenance strategies. As this is the first attempt to study the performance of such moored buoy instruments which have cumulatively clocked more than 7.3 million demanding offshore instrument-hours, the data presented shall serve as input for the offshore environmental instrument system design. 相似文献
7.
This article summarizes recent developments and applications of digital photogrammetry in industrial measurement. Industrial photogrammetry covers a wide field of different practical challenges in terms of specified accuracy, measurement speed, automation, process integration, cost-performance ratio, sensor integration and analysis. On-line and off-line systems are available, offering general purpose systems on the one hand and specific turnkey systems for individual measurement tasks on the other. Verification of accuracy and traceability to standard units with respect to national and international standards is inevitable in industrial practice. System solutions can be divided into the measurement of discrete points, deformations and motions, 6DOF parameters, 3D contours and 3D surfaces. Recent and future developments concentrate on higher dynamic applications, integration of systems into production chains, multi-sensor solutions and still higher accuracy and lower costs. 相似文献
8.
The detection efficiency (DE) is the most important performance gauge of a lightning detection network (LDN). Moreover, the main motivation for evaluating the DE of a LDN is to separate the geographical variations of the CG lightning parameters from the variations regarding the network performance. A review of previous relative DE techniques and simple methods to correct the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash density maps is presented. In addition, recent improvements in the flash DE model for the Brazilian lightning detection network (BrasilDAT) are discussed. The DE estimated values are based on the sensor individual DE probability functions, which are derived from a large amount of CG stroke data provided by the network considering different distances from the sensor and specific peak current ranges. The new approach provides better results when compared with the previous developments, since the calculation of the sensor DE probability functions neglects the lightning data provided by the minimum number of reporting sensors. Hence it is possible to minimize the unrealistic enhancement of the DE closer to the network boundaries (“border effect”) without affecting significantly the performance inside the network. The main result is a more realistic correction of the CG flash density maps, particularly at the outermost network areas, leading to an improvement in the model sensitivity. 相似文献
9.
In the framework of the activities going on in preparation for the mission of the Huygens probe in Titan's atmosphere (January 2005), the Huygens Atmospheric Structure Instrument (HASI) team scheduled and performed several balloon campaigns to test the HASI sensors’ performance in flight conditions in the Earth's atmosphere. In particular, pressure conditions reached during each test are similar to those expected in Titan's lower atmosphere. A 1:1 scaled mock-up of the Huygens probe was launched with a stratospheric balloon in 2001 (Br. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 33 (2001) 1109) and in 2002 (Br. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 34 (2002) 911; Adv. Space. Sci. (2003)) from the G. Broglio base of the Italian Space Agency, located in Trapani Milo (Sicily). In both cases the mock-up was dropped from an altitude higher than 27 and , respectively, and recovered on the ground after a parachuted descent. In this paper, we describe the results obtained in reconstructing (i) the probe descent trajectory and (ii) the profiles of the physical quantities characterizing the Earth's atmosphere, on the basis of a complete analysis of the data obtained during the HASI 2002 balloon flight experiment. Using temperature and pressure measurements, we are able to reach an accuracy of the order of 0.5% on the altitude reconstruction during the descent. We validate both the models used for trajectory reconstruction and to check the sensors’ performance. We describe the problems faced in determining the Huygens probe descent trajectory in Titan's atmosphere focusing our discussion on the critical aspects of the descent reconstruction (such as the uncertainties due to measurement errors, limited knowledge of the atmospheric composition, etc.) and the validity of the adopted assumptions. 相似文献
10.
The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) will begin science operations in 2003 with an emphasis on determination of the ice sheet temporal variations in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. The ICESat bus will serve as the transport for an instrument called the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). GLAS will provide altimetry and lidar measurements with a high level of accuracy. For altimetry, the GLAS data will enable determination of the laser pointing angle to within 1.5 arcsec and the laser pulse time of arrival on the ground to within 100 sec. Both of these data products contribute to the determination of the measured altitude vector from the spacecraft to the ice surface. Verification of both the laser pointing angle and the timing can be achieved by using a unique experimental technique designed to capture an altimeter pulse on the surface of the Earth. The capture of the laser pulse is accomplished by covering the illuminated area with devices designed to detect the arrival of energy within the altimeter footprint. This ground-based technique will supply an independent, unambiguous determination of the laser footprint geolocation and the epoch time associated with the arrival of the pulse on the surface. Knowledge of the laser footprint centroid on the ground will infer the laser pointing direction in the geocentric reference frame. This in situ measurement of the footprint geolocation and time of arrival will be compared to the corresponding data products provided by GLAS. The comparison of the GLAS laser pointing and the timing data with an independent measurement will verify the accuracy and/or will indicate the existence of any biases or errors in the generation of the GLAS altimetry data products. The detectors have been designed and tested in the laboratory and analyzed for energy level thresholds, system stability, temperature response and overall performance. Timing hardware has been tested and software has been written to achieve event detection within the desired accuracy. 相似文献
1