Body motion in liquid under ice plate with snow cover     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

The motion of a submarine in liquid under an ice plate covered with flooded snow is considered. The ice is modelled as an elastic plate and the snow cover is modelled as a viscous layer on the top of the plate. The submarine is modelled as a slender solid of revolution with scale 1:300. The experimental and theoretical study of the influence of the viscous snow layer on deflections of the floating ice plate is conducted. The viscous layer reduces the amplitudes of flexural-gravity waves. The greatest influence of the viscous layer on the plate deflections is achieved for velocities of the submarine, where the waves of maximum amplitude are generated. Theoretical results are in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the model experiments.  相似文献   

旅游活动与水环境耦合分析——以玉龙雪山-丽江盆地为例     

窦文康  王泽平  方金鑫  韩彤彤  蒲焘  张鹏 《冰川冻土》2021,43(4):1210-1217

玉龙雪山是我国季风海洋型冰川发育最为典型的代表性地区,也是北半球最靠近赤道的现代冰川区。丽江市的部分水源来自于玉龙雪山冰川融水,同时玉龙雪山景区每年吸引着上千万的游客来欣赏现代冰川。旅游活动与水环境息息相关且相互作用,水环境的准确刻画是指导与优化区域旅游活动的基础。以世界著名旅游城市丽江市为例,基于实地采样与数据分析,对2018年丽江市的旅游活动与水环境进行耦合分析。结果表明：丽江市旅游活动与水体污染耦合度极高,旅游活动与水体富营养化和水体毒理的耦合度较低。旅游活动与水环境存在较强的关联,特别是与水环境指标中的高锰酸盐指数,存在强烈的耦合关系。总体上,旅游活动与水环境存在相关关系,旅游旺季水环境质量较旅游淡季更差。  相似文献   

黄河源区多、少雪年土壤冻融特征分析     

姚闯  吕世华  王婷  王俊锋  马翠丽 《高原气象》2019,38(3):474-483

利用2011年10月至2017年12月黄河源区鄂陵湖野外观测数据,对比分析多雪年与少雪年土壤冻结与消融时间、土壤温湿度、地表能量分量的变化特征。结果表明:多雪年地表反照率偏高,净辐射偏低,地表感热输送偏低,土壤由热“源”转为热“汇”的时间晚于少雪年。积雪可减少土壤吸收辐射能量,减少地表感热通量,在土壤完全冻结期与消融期增大地表潜热通量,在完全冻结期,减少土壤向大气的热输送,在消融期,减少大气向土壤的热输送。积雪在冻结期有降温作用,使得多雪年土壤较早发生冻结,且同一时期土壤温度偏低;在完全冻结期有保温作用,使得土壤温度偏高;在消融期有保温(“凉”)作用,使得消融较晚,且同一时期土壤温度偏低。在整个积雪年内,多雪年浅层土壤湿度高于少雪年,积雪对浅层土壤有保湿作用。积雪使土壤开始冻结时间有所提前,开始消融的时间有所滞后,可延长该年土壤完全冻结持续天数。  相似文献   

Development of a snow wetness inversion algorithm using polarimetric scattering power decomposition model     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

In this paper, a new snow wetness estimation model is proposed for full-polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. Surface and volume are the dominant scattering components in wet-snow conditions. The generalized four component polarimetric decomposition with unitary transformation (G4U) based generalized surface and volume parameters are utilized to invert snow surface and volume dielectric constants using the Bragg coefficients and Fresnel transmission coefficients respectively. The snow surface and volume wetness are then estimated using an empirical relationship. The effective snow wetness is derived from the weighted averaged surface and volume snow wetness. The weights are derived from the normalized surface and volume scattering powers obtained from the generalized full-polarimetric SAR decomposition method. Six Radarsat-2 fine resolution full-polarimetric datasets acquired over Himachal Pradesh, India along with the near-real time in situ measurements were used to validate the proposed model. The snow wetness derived from the SAR data by the proposed model with in situ measurements indicated that the absolute error at 95% confidence interval is 1.3% by volume.  相似文献   

Analysis of snowpack dynamics during the spring melt season for a sub‐alpine site using point measurements and numerical modeling          下载免费PDF全文

Mark S. Pleasants  Thijs J. Kelleners  Noriaki Ohara 《水文研究》2017,31(25):4568-4585

Snowpack dynamics through October 2014–June 2017 were described for a forested, sub‐alpine field site in southeastern Wyoming. Point measurements of wetness and density were combined with numerical modeling and continuous time series of snow depth, snow temperature, and snowpack outflow to identify 5 major classes of distinct snowpack conditions. Class (i) is characterized by no snowpack outflow and variable average snowpack temperature and density. Class (ii) is characterized by short durations of liquid water in the upper snowpack, snowpack outflow values of 0.0008–0.005 cm hr^?1, an increase in snowpack temperature, and average snow density between 0.25–0.35 g cm^?3. Class (iii) is characterized by a partially saturated wetness profile, snowpack outflow values of 0.005–0.25 cm hr^?1, snowpack temperature near 0 °C, and average snow density between 0.25–0.40 g cm^?3. Class (iv) is characterized by strong diurnal snowpack outflow pattern with values as high as 0.75 cm hr^?1, stable snowpack temperature near 0 °C, and stable average snow density between 0.35–0.45 g cm^?3. Class (v) occurs intermittently between Classes (ii)–(iv) and displays low snowpack outflow values between 0.0008–0.04 cm hr^?1, a slight decrease in temperature relative to the preceding class, and similar densities to the preceding class. Numerical modeling of snowpack properties with SNOWPACK using both the Storage Threshold scheme and Richards' equation was used to quantify the effect of snowpack capillarity on predictions of snowpack outflow and other snowpack properties. Results indicate that both simulations are able to predict snow depth, snow temperature, and snow density reasonably well with little difference between the 2 water transport schemes. Richards' equation more accurately simulates the timing of snowpack outflow over the Storage Threshold scheme, especially early in the melt season and at diurnal timescales.  相似文献   

积雪在El Niño影响东亚夏季气候异常中的作用          下载免费PDF全文

王妍凤  孙旭光  杨修群 《地球物理学报》2017,60(9):3325-3337

本文利用1948-2010年Global Land Data Assimilation System（GLDAS）NOAH陆面模式资料、GPCC月平均降水资料和NCAR/NCEP全球月平均再分析资料，采用滤波、距平合成和线性相关等方法，分析了El Niño成熟位相冬季欧亚大陆积雪异常的分布特征，研究了关键区积雪融化对后期春、夏季土壤湿度、土壤温度以及大气环流与降水的影响，揭示了El Niño事件通过关键区积雪储存其强迫信号并影响东亚夏季气候异常的机制和过程.主要结论如下：El Niño成熟阶段冬季伊朗高原、巴尔喀什湖东北部和青藏高原南麓区域是雪深异常的三个关键区，这些区域的雪深、雪融和土壤湿度有明显的正相关；这三个关键区雪深异常通过春季融雪将冬季El Niño信号传递给春、夏季局地土壤湿度，通过减少感热通量和增加潜热通量对大气环流产生影响；春末夏初伊朗高原土壤湿度异常对东亚夏季气候异常的影响最大，其引起的降水异常与El Niño次年夏季降水异常分布基本一致，春夏季青藏高原南麓和巴尔喀什湖附近土壤湿度也都明显增加，均会对中国华北降水增加有显著正贡献.总之，在利用El Niño事件研究和预测东亚夏季气候异常时，还应考虑关键区雪深异常对El Niño信号的存储和调制作用.  相似文献   

2008年1月我国南方冻雨过程的热力异常及其形成原因   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

高洋  吴统文  陈葆德 《高原气象》2011,30(6):1526-1533

利用中国604个地面台站的气象观测资料和NCEP 2.5°×2.5°再分析各等压面温度和环流场资料,从地面和大气垂直热力结构配置及其气候异常的角度出发,诊断分析了2008年1月我国南方雨雪冰冻过程的形成。结果表明,冻雨受灾的核心区域约为108°～113°E和25°～28°N范围,在该区域内2008年1月平均地面气温〈0...  相似文献   

近24a哈尔滨机场跑道易结冰月气温统计分析     

赵凯  钟伟  王加平  赵毅菲 《黑龙江气象》2011,28(4):5-8

本文统计分析了哈尔滨机场1986—2009年3月份的气温,得出近24a3月份的平均气温总体趋势为先升后降,最低气温的变化先于最高气温,其对平均温度的影响较大。气温跟降水成负相关关系,暖干、冷湿相伴,且最高温度与降水日数相关显著。低气温对应的除冰日数多,高气温则少。雪深对跑道结冰有一定的作用,如果预报日气温均≤-3℃,且...  相似文献   

Physico-chemical characteristics and environmental significance of snow deposition on Haxilegen glacier No.51 in Tian Shan, China     

Zhiwen Dong  Zhongqin Li  Mingjun Zhang  Feiteng Wang  Lihua Wu 《山地科学学报》2011,8(3):484-494

Snow chemistry on the glaciers of alpine regions is a good indicator of atmospheric environmental change.We examine snow chemistry in three snowpits at different altitudes on the Haxilegen Glacier No.51,in the Kuitun River source,Tian Shan,China,during July-September 2004 to 2007.We use correlation analysis,factor analysis and sea-salt tracing methods to examine the characteristics and sources of major ions and mineral dust particles in the snow.Results show that mineral dust particles and major ions in the snow pits vary seasonally.During the Asian dust period in springtime,the concentration of mineral dust particles and major ions deposited in snow is high,while the concentration is relatively low during the non-dust period of summer and autumn.This may be caused by dust storm activity in central Asia.The order of major ionic concentrations in the snow packs was determined to be Ca2+ > SO42-> NH4+ > NO3-> Cl-> Na+ > Mg2+ > K+.Ca2+ was the dominant cation;SO42- was the dominant anion.We find,with the exception of NO3-,that the variabilities of ionic concentrations are highly correlated.Results show that the glacier region was significantly affected by dust activity and anthropogenic source.The major ions,especially Na+,originate from dust sources of central Asia and from the Ocean,transported by the westerly winds.  相似文献   

Impacts of a bottom trawling exclusion zone on Snow Crab abundance and fish harvester behavior in the Labrador Sea, Canada     

Darrell R.J. Mullowney  Corey J. MorrisEarl G. Dawe  Katherine R. Skanes 《Marine Policy》2012,36(3):567-575

The Hawke Box trawling exclusion zone off southern Labrador is a 8610 km² closed area implemented in 2003 to protect soft-shelled pre-recruit Snow Crab and juvenile cod from mortality imposed by shrimp trawling and other bottom-impact fisheries. This study utilizes survey, logbook, and observer data from the Snow Crab and Northern Shrimp fisheries to assess the effectiveness of the Hawke Box in protecting and possibly enhancing the Snow Crab resource off southern Labrador. The results indicate that the exclusion zone has failed to protect pre-recruit crabs largely due to a redistribution and intensification of directed Snow Crab effort inside the Box in the years following closure. This unexpected outcome resulted in a high level of fishery-induced mortality to pre-recruit crabs and masked any potential positive outcomes from the cessation of trawling. The shortcomings that contributed to the failure of this exclusion area are discussed in relation to the current state of knowledge on the effectiveness of marine protected areas in general as management tools for conserving aquatic resources.  相似文献