辛安煤矿1402工作面临空窄煤柱采掘响应及动态加固     

汪北方  梁冰  刘维  张晶  迟海波  刘亚辉 《煤田地质与勘探》2020,48(1):145-153

随着我国煤炭资源去产能整合煤矿的增多，复采工作面临空窄煤柱采动失稳问题日益凸显，已严重制约矿井安全高效生产。为此，针对辛安煤矿复采1402工作面辅运巷道5号钻场临空窄煤柱稳定性控制的工程难题，运用数值模拟与理论分析相结合的方法，探究5号钻场临空窄煤柱稳定性采掘扰动响应特征，提出5号钻场临空窄煤柱动态注浆加固技术方案并开展现场应用和效果检验。研究结果表明:1402工作面辅运巷道掘进对5号钻场临空窄煤柱稳定性影响较小；在1402工作面回采期间，距5号钻场18~6 m范围，临空窄煤柱集中垂直应力由非对称马鞍形分布逐渐过渡为拱形分布；距5号钻场6 m时，临空窄煤柱承载叠加垂直应力超过煤体强度，塑性区完全贯通，极易破坏失稳；现场采用MP364型注浆材料及专用注浆设备对5号钻场临空窄煤柱前后5 m区域进行加固，动态注浆始终超前工作面10 m，通过深孔窥视和气体监测手段验证临空窄煤柱良好的封堵固化效果，保障了工作面安全回采，为我国整合矿井类似条件下煤柱稳定性控制提供借鉴和参考。移动阅读   相似文献   

Finite-difference model of land subsidence caused by cluster loads in Zhengzhou,China          下载免费PDF全文

ZHAO Yue-wen  WANG Xiu-yan  LIU Chang-li  LI Bing-yan 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(1):43-56

Groundwater exploitation has been regarded as the main reason for land subsidence in China and thus receives considerable attention from the government and the academic community.Recently,building loads have been identified as another important factor of land subsidence,but researches in this sector have lagged.The effect of a single building load on land subsidence was neglected in many cases owing to the narrow scope and the limited depth of the additional stress in stratum.However,due to the superposition of stresses between buildings,the additional stress of cluster loads is greater than that of a single building load under the same condition,so that the land subsidence caused by cluster loads cannot be neglected.Taking Shamen village in the north of Zhengzhou,China,as an example,a finite-difference model based on the Biot consolidation theory to calculate the land subsidence caused by cluster loads was established in this paper.Cluster loads present the characteristics of large-area loads,and the land subsidence caused by cluster loads can have multiple primary consolidation processes due to the stress superposition of different buildings was shown by the simulation results.Pore water migration distances are longer when the cluster loads with high plot ratio are imposed,so that consolidation takes longer time.The higher the plot ratio is,the deeper the effective deformation is,and thus the greater the land subsidence is.A higher plot ratio also increases the contribution that the deeper stratigraphic layers make to land subsidence.Contrary to the calculated results of land subsidence caused by cluster loads and groundwater recession,the percentage of settlement caused by cluster loads in the total settlement was 49.43%and 55.06%at two simulated monitoring points,respectively.These data suggest that the cluster loads can be one of the main causes of land subsidence.  相似文献   

利用InSAR资料反演宁洱Ms6.4地震震源参数及库仑应力变化     

陈晨月  冯光财  高华  杨怀宁 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(3):295-301

首先利用ALOS PALSAR数据，通过D-InSAR技术获取2007-06-03云南宁洱MS6.4地震的同震形变场，然后基于Okada弹性半空间位错模型反演该地震的断层几何以及精细滑动分布，最后计算宁洱地震后周边断层的静态库仑应力变化。结果表明，形变主要集中在西盘，最大视线向形变量为51.6 cm；反演得到的震源位置为23.05°N、101.02°E，深度3 km，断层走向145°，倾向49.5°，平均滑动角153°，发震断层为NNW向普洱断裂，断层活动以右旋走滑为主，兼具逆冲分量；断层面最大滑动量为1.2 m，反演得到的震级为MW619。基于库仑应力场发现，磨黑断裂处于库仑应力增加区域，而2014年景谷地震位于负值区域。结合实地考察资料和反演结果表明，宁洱地震为浅源地震，但断层并未出露地表。  相似文献   

Temporal and Spatial Dynamics Analysis of Grassland Ecosystem Pressure in Kazakhstan     

WEN Xin  YAN Huimin  XIE Xiaoping  DU Wengpeng  LAI Chenxi  ZHEN Lin 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(6):667-675

Affected by climate change and policy factors, Kazakhstan is the country with the most severe ecological degradation and grassland conflicts in Central Asia. Therefore, studying the state of grassland carrying resources in Kazakhstan is particularly important for understanding the responses of grassland ecosystems to climate change and human activities. Based on Kazakhstan's remote sensing data and animal husbandry statistics, this study analyzes the patterns of changes in grassland ecosystems in Kazakhstan based on the supply and consumption of these ecosystems. The results show that: 1) From 2003 to 2017, the number of livestock raised in Kazakhstan showed a trend of sustained and steady growth. Due to freezing damage, the scale of livestock farming decreased in 2011, but a spatial difference in the livestock farming structure was not obvious. 2) The fluctuation of grassland supply in Kazakhstan has increased, while the consumption due to animal husbandry has also continued to increase, resulting in an increasing pressure on the grassland carrying capacity. 3) Between 2003 and 2017, the overall grassland carrying status of Kazakhstan have been abundant, but the grassland carrying pressure index has shown a steadily increasing trend, the grassland carrying pressure is growing, and it is mainly determined by grassland productivity. The greater pressure in lower Kyzylorda state, the southern Kazakhstan state of the cultivated land and the northern Kazakhstan state has gradually expanded to include the agro-pastoral zone and the semi-desert zone.  相似文献   

Variation in the vertical zonality of erodibility and critical shear stress of rill erosion in China's Hengduan Mountains     

Zhengan Su  Donghong Xiong  Jianhui Zhang  Tao Zhou  Hongkun Yang  Yifan Dong  Haidong Fang  Liangtao Shi 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(1):88-97

Soil erodibility is an essential parameter used in soil erosion prediction. This study selected the Liangshan town watershed to quantify variation in the vertical zonality of rill erodibility (k_r) in China's ecologically fragile Hengduan Mountains. Soil types comprised of yellow–brown (soil A), purple (soil B), and dry-red (soil C) in a descending order of occurrence from the summit to the valley, which roughly corresponds to the vertical climate zone (i.e. cool-high mountain, warm-low mountain, and dry-hot valley sections) of the study area. With elevation, vertical soil zonality varied in both soil organic matter (SOM) content and soil particle-size fractions. A series of rill erosion-based scour experiments were conducted, using water discharge rates of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mL min^-1. Additionally, detachment rates (Dr) were measured under three hydrological conditions (the drainage, saturation, and seepage treatments). Results show that both Dr and flow shear stress (Ʈ) values increased as discharge increased. As elevation increased, the k_r values decreased, while the vertical zonality of critical shear stress (Ʈ_c) values showed no obvious variation. The highest k_r values were observed during the seepage treatment, followed by the saturation treatment then drainage treatment, indicating that variation in vertical hydraulic gradients could significantly alter k_r values. This study also found that land-use types could also alter k_r and Ʈ_c values. Further research, however, is necessary to better quantify the effects of subsurface hydrological conditions and land-use types on k_r under different soil zonalities in China's Hengduan Mountains. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

2017年九寨沟M_S7.0地震对周围地区的静态应力影响          下载免费PDF全文

靳志同  万永革  刘兆才  黄骥超  李瑶  杨帆 《地球物理学报》2019,62(4):1282-1299

基于九寨沟M_S7.0地震的破裂模型及均匀弹性半空间模型，本文计算了该地震在周围主要活动断层上产生的库仑应力变化、在周围地区产生的应力场和位移场和同震库仑应力变化对余震的触发.结果表明：（1）九寨沟地震造成虎牙断裂中段库仑破裂应力有较大增加，已经超过0.01 MPa的阈值，虎牙断裂北段、塔藏断裂中段和岷江断裂北段北部的库仑破裂应力有较大降低，因此尤其要注意虎牙断裂中段的危险性.（2）水平面应力场在该地震震中东西两侧增加（拉张），张应力起主要作用.在震中南北两侧降低（压缩），压应力起主要作用.从水平主压和主张应力方向来看，均呈现出条形磁铁的磁场形态.从剖面上的应力场来看，在上盘的面膨胀区域内，大部分点的主张应力方向与地表是垂直的，在其他区域内，主张应力和主压应力均以震中为中心，向外呈辐射状.（3）从地表水平位移场来看，震中东西两侧物质朝震中位置汇聚，南北两侧物质向外流出，在震中处的最大水平位移量达43 mm.从地表垂直位移场来看，震中南北两侧出现明显的隆升，隆升最大值达56.8 mm.震中东西两侧出现明显的沉降，沉降最大值达74.5 mm.从剖面的位移场来看，九寨沟地震为左旋走滑地震，且有一定的正断成分.由分析可以推测该断层破裂在大致22~26 km的深度上就截止了.并推测下盘物质运动的动力来自震源北东东方向（四川块体）深度在6~30 km的下盘下层物质，上盘物质运动的动力来自震源北西西方向（巴颜喀拉块体）深度在0~6 km的上盘上层物质.（4）通过计算不同深度上主震对余震的触发作用可知，主震后的最大余震受到了主震的触发作用，多数其他余震也受到主震的触发作用.主震的发生促使了库仑应力增加地区余震的发生，抑制了一部分库仑应力减少地区余震的发生.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地南缘8.5 ka以来的黄土岩石磁学特征及其磁化率变化机制          下载免费PDF全文

吕爽  韩文霞  张涛  韩凤清  卢胜城  马学海  张志高 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):3053-3066

黄土岩石磁学参数是古气候研究中的重要指标，其中磁化率应用最为广泛，并在黄土高原地区取得重大进展，其受控于成壤作用的变化机制也被普遍接受.然而在黄土高原外缘的新疆地区，磁化率的变化机制仍不明确，导致磁化率的古气候意义在该区存在较大争议.本文选取塔里木盆地南缘具有精确年代控制的典型黄土剖面（羊场剖面）开展岩石磁学和高分辨率磁化率研究，利用交叉小波分析方法并结合剖面粒度、矿物及元素特征对该地区磁化率变化机制进行初步探讨.结果显示，羊场剖面的岩石磁学性质主要由粗颗粒软磁性矿物所控制，同时也表现出一定的顺磁性特征.根据载磁矿物和磁化率变化特征可将剖面进一步划分为两个阶段：阶段Ⅰ（8.5~2.5 ka），载磁矿物以亚铁磁性的磁铁矿为主，磁化率值整体较高；阶段Ⅱ（2.5~0.2 ka），亚铁磁性矿物依然占据主导地位，但硬磁性矿物和以黄铁矿为代表的顺磁性矿物相对增多，磁化率值显著降低.相关性研究和交叉小波分析表明：阶段Ⅰ磁化率与粗颗粒组分的变化具有一致性，符合"风速论"模式；阶段Ⅱ磁化率不仅与粗颗粒组分具有明显的正相关关系，而且与指示成壤作用强度的频率磁化率百分含量呈现出显著的负相关关系，暗示了阶段Ⅱ的磁化率变化可能受到"风速论"和"还原性成壤"模式的共同影响.本文拓宽了对新疆地区黄土岩石磁学特征及其磁化率变化机制的深入理解，也为利用磁化率恢复新疆及中亚地区全新世以来的古气候变化历史提供了新的线索.  相似文献   

Revisiting the existence of an effective stress for wet granular soils with micromechanics          下载免费PDF全文

Jérôme Duriez  Richard Wan  Mehdi Pouragha  Félix Darve 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2018,42(8):959-978

A possible effective stress variable for wet granular materials is numerically investigated based on an adapted discrete element method (DEM) model for an ideal three‐phase system. The DEM simulations consider granular materials made of nearly monodisperse spherical particles, in the pendular regime with the pore fluid mixture consisting of distinct water menisci bridging particle pairs. The contact force‐related stress contribution to the total stresses is isolated and tested as the effective stress candidate for dense or loose systems. It is first recalled that this contact stress tensor is indeed an adequate effective stress that describes stress limit states of wet samples with the same Mohr‐Coulomb criterion associated with their dry counterparts. As for constitutive relationships, it is demonstrated that the contact stress tensor used in conjunction with dry constitutive relations does describe the strains of wet samples during an initial strain regime but not beyond. Outside this so‐called quasi‐static strain regime, whose extent is much greater for dense than loose materials, dramatic changes in the contact network prevent macroscale contact stress‐strain relationships to apply in the same manner to dry and unsaturated conditions. The presented numerical results also reveal unexpected constitutive bifurcations for the loose material, related to stick‐slip macrobehavior.  相似文献   

基态位涡径向分布对浅水涡旋系统动力稳定性的影响分析          下载免费PDF全文

刘爽  钟玮  刘宇迪 《地球物理学报》2018,61(6):2207-2219

本文基于正压浅水模型，分析基态位涡（Potential Vorticity：PV）结构对热带气旋（Tropical Cyclone：TC）类涡旋系统稳定性及其波动特征的影响.通过引入基态PV结构参数：宽度δ（眼墙内外边界涡度发生陡变的半径长度之比）和中空度γ（眼心相对涡度与内核区域平均相对涡度之比），设计具有相同基流最大切向风速和最大风速半径的170组不同基态PV环结构的敏感性试验，并讨论了不同基态PV结构下涡旋系统最不稳定波数（the most unstable wavenumber：MUWN）和系统最不稳定模态（the most unstable mode of System：MUMS）的特征频率及其不稳定增长率的大小.结果指出：当PV环较宽，系统表现为低波数最不稳定，相应的MUMS为低频波且增长率小；当PV环较窄，系统表现为高波数不稳定，且PV环越实最不稳定波数越高；当PV环窄且空时，MUMS均为中高频波动，且不稳定增长率随PV环的宽度变窄和中空度变空而明显增大.分析典型PV结构下系统演变特征可知，当PV环较宽，MUMS表现为具有平衡约束的低频波动的线性不稳定特征；当PV环趋向窄且空时，MUMS的平衡性约束趋向弱化，同时不稳定增长表现为明显的指数型增长.进一步讨论系统内部非对称结构的形成和传播机制发现，对于弱不稳定的PV环来说，低波数波最不稳定的特征波动具有典型涡旋Rossby波特征；而对于强不稳定的PV环来说，高波数不稳定的特征波动混合波性质明显.  相似文献   

基于BSWT-DDTFA方法的地球天然脉冲电磁场震前信号时频分析研究          下载免费PDF全文

郝国成  白雨晓  吴敏  王巍  刘辉 《地球物理学报》2018,61(10):4063-4074

地球天然脉冲电磁场（ENPEMF）信号，可理解为地球天然变化磁场的瞬间扰动，携带了大量有用的地质构造及其动力学信息.研究ENPEMF信号所蕴含的时间-频率联合分布特点，有利于深入了解目标对象的地球物理现象及其地质动力学原理.本文针对ENPEMF信号的非平稳特点，在数据驱动时频分析方法（DDTFA）的基础上提出了基于二值化同步压缩小波变换的改进算法（BSWT-DDTFA）.该算法可以实现数据驱动初始相位自动赋值的功能，具有自适应性.实验仿真和实际数据均证明了该改进算法不仅能够得到较为精确的频率曲线和更加清晰的时频分布，而且具有较强的抗噪声能力.以2013年芦山M_S7.0地震为例，利用BSWT-DDTFA方法提取ENPEMF信号的时频特性，结果表明ENPEMF信号的时间-频率-幅度分布在震前有明显的异常特征.  相似文献