动态应力触发研究进展     

陈昊  冀战波  王琼  苏金波 《中国地震》2020,36(3):442-459

本文从库仑破裂应力与动态应力触发原理、观测事实与研究现状以及存在的问题与展望等3个方面介绍了动态应力触发的研究进展。其中,在主震对余震活动、强震对后续远场地震活动、不同破裂类型的地震之间及强震对火山(泥火山)的动态应力触发作用、一次大地震中子事件之间的动态应力触发关系以及动态应力触发的时间延迟等方面进行了详细讨论。分析认为,动态应力触发理论在解释震后余震分布、远程触发以及对火山触发性喷发等方面得到了较好的结果;动态应力触发可能会受断层破裂方式和方向的影响;大地震中子事件之间的动态应力触发关系对震源研究有重要意义;动态应力触发现象普遍存在时间延迟。  相似文献   

Preliminary Study of the Ability of Large-scale Deformation Observed by Lunar Based InSAR—Taking Vertical Displacement of Solid Earth Tide as an Example     

Chenglong Ma  Xiaodong Chen  Liming Jiang  Heping Sun  Jianqiao Xu  Jinglong Dong  Dewei Li 《地球科学进展》2019,34(2):164-174

Based on the principle of InSAR (Interferometirc Synthetic Aperture Radar) characterized by large-scale, continuity, permanency and dynamic, we took vertical displacement of solid Earth tide as an example to simulate the large-scale deformation observed by lunar based InSAR for the first time in the study and the observation ability was analyzed. Solid Earth tide has a feature of a large-space distribution range and the lunar based InSAR exhibits a feature of an ultra-wide swath imaging. According to these features, a simplified observation geometry model was established and a mid-low latitudes area with 50 degrees span in both longitude and latitude was selected as the simulation area. Then the revisit time intervals of the lunar based SAR for the selected area and the tidal vertical displacements at the points scanned by the radar were calculated. The time differentials were further computed to get the relative vertical deformation of the solid Earth tide. The simulation results show that the revisit period of the lunar based radar is about 24.8 hours and the maximum vertical displacement in 30 days is up to 30 cm. Since the designed accuracy of the lunar based InSAR reaches several centimeters, the observing of the vertical displacement of the solid Earth tide by using the lunar based InSAR is feasible in theory as the maximum magnitude of the vertical displacement is 1 order of magnitude larger than the designed accuracy. Theoretically ，solid Earth tide is observable by using lunar based InSAR in a sizable area.We can also use the observation data to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics when observation time lasts two revisit periods or more. On the other hand,the result of the study also provides references for the parameter designing of other observations using the lunar based InSAR, especially for observing large-scale geodynamic phenomena.  相似文献   

相邻两井对大地震的不同水力响应模型研究——页岩影响分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张艳  符力耘  陈学忠  曹呈浩  赵连锋  马玉川 《地球物理学报》2019,62(1):143-158

大地震引起了左家庄和宝坻(相距～50km)两井中截然不同的同震水位响应.我们用水位的气压和潮汐响应来分析解释此现象.结果表明,宝坻井的观测含水层中存在页岩,且此井受裂隙影响很大,储水效应较差.页岩的复杂裂隙或者各向异性可能会导致此井观测含水层处于半封闭状态,从而导致垂直向排水的发生.通过多方计算分析后,我们将这两口井划分为两种模型—1.水平流动模型;2.水平流动+垂直流动的混合流动模型.由于裂隙影响,宝坻井的观测含水层介质与外界的水力沟通性在震前就较强(震前渗透率就比较大),所以宝坻井观测含水层与外界的孔隙压差异较小,导致同震渗透率上升较小甚至没有变化,这些因素是导致该井同震水位变化幅度总是非常微小的原因.  相似文献   

基于遥感水边线的潮滩面积提取方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

张媛媛  高志强  刘向阳  许宁 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(3):56-61

潮滩作为动态变化的后备土地资源,对其研究具有重要意义。文章以江苏省如东县为研究区,使用环境资源卫星(HJ1A/1B)影像为数据源,应用面向对象技术创建分类规则,实现批量半自动提取水边线,随后利用DSAS软件处理水边线集获得潮位点集,基于最外边界法实现高(低)潮位点的提取,进而获得潮滩范围,估算的如东县潮滩面积为55 182hm~2。最后利用误差矩阵进行精度验证(Kappa系数为0.945)。结果表明:该方法对于潮滩面积提取具有适用性,无论在空间域还是时间域都具有一定的推广性。  相似文献   

威海沿岸海域潮汐特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

邹曙光  刘李钊 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(5):83-86

文章主要选取国家海洋局成山头海洋环境监测站1996—2016年的潮位、潮差月值资料,利用线性回归法,对威海沿岸海域近21年来的潮汐特征进行分析。结果表明:威海沿岸海域近21年的平均潮位、最高潮位、最低潮位、平均潮差、最大潮差整体上均呈上升的变化趋势,但气候倾向率各不相同,分别是2.57cm/(10a)、5.872cm/(10a)、4.137cm/(10a)、1.017cm/(10a)、2.604cm/(10a)。  相似文献   

A SYSTEM OF CAPACITIVE HIGH-VOLTAGE PULSE RECHARGE/DISCHARGE AND ITS IMPLICATION ON EXPERIMENTALLY TRIGGERED EARTHQUAKE     

ZHANG Zhi-he  GUO Yan-shuang  CHEN Shun-yun 《地震地质》2018,40(6):1417-1426

An external small disturbance may trigger seismic events when the fault is in a critical state. The problems related with earthquakes triggered by the dynamic stress such as blasting loads, impact loads, volcanic eruptions and strong earthquakes, have usually drawn wide concerns in earthquake science, and the corresponding research contents are quite extensive, including earthquake triggering mechanisms, triggering earthquake uncertainty, aftershock triggering, and so on. Among them, experimental research is an important way to understand the stress triggering conditions and physical mechanisms, such as the influence of load disturbance on fault friction traits, the influence of periodic disturbance of tidal stress on fault instability, etc., all of which can be gained through experimental investigations. Among them, "how to trigger" is a basic scientific problem to increase the understanding of earthquake prediction theory, thus receiving more attention. There are also some studies that focus on "what happened after the trigger", that is, the sliding instability generated by the triggering method, and then the evolution characteristics of the sliding instability process. The well-known experimental study of the super-shear rupture process is conducted by using the electric explosion method to trigger the fault instability, and the high-speed camera records the super-shear rupture during the fault instability. This means that when the trigger source is controllable, it is possible to generate different types of instability processes, and then to explore which earthquakes will be triggered at different time and space positions under different stress states by means of active triggering. The study of stability analysis and instability process has important scientific significance.A stable system of capacitive high-voltage pulse discharge and recharge is one of basic techniques for studying the triggered earthquakes in laboratory. Based on the wire electric explosion method, this paper develops a controllable trigger experiment system. By designing a new capacitive high-voltage pulse charge and discharge system, while considering the actual needs of monitoring and system timing, multiple functions are integrated into one system. Functionally, in addition to realizing the dynamic loading and unloading function of the wire electric explosion method, the discharge process can be monitored, and the triggering, synchronization and timing signal output is performed with other observation systems, thus realizing the whole process monitoring of the dynamic disturbance action. After testing, the following functions are achieved:1)The voltage and current of the high-voltage charging power supply system can be automatically adjusted, and the system can be shut off after charging; 2)Control modes include manual and remote controls. These two modes can control the recharge, release and pulse discharge of the high voltage capacitor; 3)The system can produce multi-channel synchronous output, which satisfy multiple systems working together. In particular, the remote sensing method greatly improves the experimental maneuverability and security; 4)The system has multiple sets of gas discharge tube to trigger discharge, with a wide range of discharge voltage of 500~5 000V; 5)Roche coil resistance integral current detection can meet the transient resistance, large current detection. Test results indicate that this system has good repeatability and stability with the same discharge energy and discharge energy regulator, which is conducive to carry out single channel trigger of high-pressure discharge experiment. In short, the new charging and discharging system can meet the requirements of experimental study of triggering earthquake. In addition, this system can be used to generate the stress disturbance under certain static and dynamic conditions, and then judge whether this kind of mechanical conditions in active fault systems is currently stable.In short, a controllable single-shot discharge system is developed by a capacitive high-voltage pulse discharge system, which provides a good technical basis for experimental research on triggering earthquakes. In addition, the new system also has application significance:1)multiple triggering output can simultaneously start multiple systems and improve the efficiency of observation. Fault instability is a characteristic of transient response, so, its observation requires high-speed acquisition equipment, which is difficult to control on observation; the trigger system is controllable, with active synchronization observation using physical parameters; 2)stress disturbance can be triggered under static and dynamic loads to detect the safety and stability of the fault system with active trigger.  相似文献   

Sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary model of Shanxi Formation in northeast Zhoukou Depression of the North China Plate     

《China Geology》2020,3(4):575-590

The sequence stratigraphic framework of Shanxi Formation in the northeast Zhoukou Depression was established based on detailed sequence stratigraphical and sedimentological analysis by utilizing the logging and core data of six wells drilled in the eastern tectonic unit of Zhoukou Depression. It was divided into three third-order sequences, namely SQs1, SQs2, and SQs3 from bottom to top. Each sequence can be divided into a transgressive system tract (TST) and a highstand system tract (HST). Furthermore, four sequence boundaries and three maximum flooding surfaces were identified, and they are the bottom interface SBs and maximum flooding surface mfss1 of SQs1, the bottom interface SBs1 and maximum flooding surface mfss2 of SQs2, the bottom interface SBs3 and maximum flooding surface mfss3 of SQs3, and the top interface SBx from bottom to top. Carbonate tidal flat –clastic tidal flat sedimentary system developed in Shanxi Formation in the northeast Zhoukou Depression (also referred to as the study area) under the control of regression. Meanwhile, four sedimentary microfacies were identified in the sedimentary system, which are lime-mud flats, sand flats, mixed flats, and mud flats. The transgression in the study area occurred from the southeast to the northwest. Therefore, the northwestern part is the seaward side, and the southeastern part is the landward side. As revealed by relevant drilling data, SQs1 of the Shanxi Formation is characterized by the development of limestone and carbonaceous mudstone, with limestone, dark mudstone, and carbonaceous mudstone mainly developing. Meanwhile, lime-mud flats were mainly deposited in it. During the periods of SQs2 and SQs3, the sedimentary environment of the study area changed from the carbonate tidal flats to clastic tidal flats as the coastline migrated towards the sea. In these periods, sand flats mainly developed near the maximum flooding surfaces and were relatively continuous in the eastern and southern parts of the transgressive system tract; mixed flats were relatively continuous in the western and northern parts of the transgressive system tract as well as the eastern and southern parts of the highstand system tract; mud flats widely developed in the highstand system tract. Peat flats mainly developed in the period of HSTs2, with coal seams relatively developing in the southeastern part of the study area as revealed by drilling data. The peat flats in SQs2 are favorable hydrocarbon source layers, the lime-mud flats in SQs1 and sand flats formed in the transgression periods of SQs2 and SQs3 constitute favorable hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the mud flats form in the transgressions periods serve as favorable cap rocks. Therefore, the study area features a reservoir-cap assemblage for self-generating and self-storing of hydrocarbon, and the southeastern part of the study area can be taken as a favorable exploration area.  相似文献   

菲律宾棉兰老岛2019年4次M_W>6.0地震断层运动模型及库仑应力传输研究     

吴少杰  杨莹辉  王泽根  熊凌艳  陈强  陈静  杨超 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(3):240-246

基于雷达干涉测量技术,利用ALOS-2、Sentinel-1卫星升降轨雷达影像,获得2019-10~12发生在菲律宾棉兰老岛的4次M_W>6.0地震的同震形变场,并以此形变结果为约束,反演得到4次地震的断层运动模型。综合分析发现,此次地震序列由3条断裂的破裂引起,其中2019-10-16和2019-10-31的2次地震为同一发震断裂,2019-10-31地震断层破裂区域位于2019-10-16地震断层破裂的东北延伸段,最大滑动量约为1.1 m,约为2019-10-16地震最大滑动量的2倍。2019-10-29地震由一条独立断层破裂引起,断层最大滑动量约为2.0 m。2019-12-15地震由一条东北向倾斜断层破裂引起,断层最大滑动量约为3.0 m。此外,2019-10-16地震引起2019-10-29地震显著滑动区明显的正向库仑应力传输;而2019-10-29地震显著增加了2019-10-31地震震源区域的库仑应力;前3次地震对2019-12-15地震孕震断层的库仑应力传输总和为负值,说明静态库仑应力传输可能不是此次地震触发的主要诱因。  相似文献   

长江口外潮汐精细化模型研究与精度分析     

季凯敏  路川藤 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(5)

长江口外海上测量除受风浪影响较大外,最重要的问题是潮位控制非常困难。文中简要阐述了开展长江口外潮汐精细化模型研究的方法,介绍了利用潮汐精细化模型对长江口外航路任意点进行潮汐预报的方法,并通过实测数据进行了精度分析,提出了建议。  相似文献   

The effects of blade twist and nacelle shape on the performance of horizontal axis tidal current turbines     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

The paper presents the effects of blade twist and nacelle shape on the performance of horizontal axis tidal current turbines using both analytical and numerical methods. Firstly, in the hydrodynamic design procedure, the optimal profiles of untwisted and twisted blades and their predicted theoretical turbine performance are obtained using the genetic algorithm method. Although both blade profiles produce desired rated rotational speed, the twisted blade achieves higher power and thrust performance. Secondly, numerical simulation is performed using sliding mesh technique to mimic rotating turbine in ANSYS FLUENT to validate the analytical results. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approximation of the turbulence parameters is applied to obtain the flow field around the turbine. It is found that power and axial thrust force from BEMT (Blade Element Momentum Theory) method are under-predicted by 2% and 8% respectively, compared with numerical results. Afterwards, the downstream wake field of the turbine is investigated with two different nacelle shapes. It is found that the rotor performance is not significantly affected by the different nacelle shapes. However, the structural turbulence caused by the conventional nacelle is stronger than that by the NACA-profiled shape, and the former can cause detrimental effect on the performance of the downstream turbines in tidal farms.  相似文献