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地震P波、S波到时是精确分析地震水平位置、深度与速度结构等的重要参数,如何准确拾取P波和S波到时是地震学的一项重要的基础工作.大数据量与强噪声环境给地震到时的自动拾取带来了很大挑战.在频率域中可将信号与噪声分离,但会造成震相的偏移.针对上述问题,本文在STA/LTA、AIC方法的基础上,引入了标准时频变换(Normal Time-Frequency Transform,NTFT),结合信号时间域与频率域特征,提出了基于NTFT的STA/LTA方法,以及基于NTFT的AIC方法来拾取P波和S波的到时.基于NTFT的STA/LTA方法通过构建即时频率约束的特征函数,以增强地震信号振幅响应的变化特征.基于NTFT的AIC方法则根据NTFT的变换系数定位即时频率-时间基准点,通过滑动窗口直接对标准时频谱进行AIC处理拾取最佳到时.本文采用了不同强度噪声的60组合成数据和105组实测地震数据对方法的可靠性进行检验.以人工拾取到时为参考,实测数据中NTFT-STA/LTA方法拾取P波、S波到时的均方根误差分别为0.36 s和0.56 s;NTFT-AIC方法拾取P波、S波到时的均方根误差分别为0.25 s和0.35 s.相比于STA/LTA、AIC方法,NTFT改进后的方法提高了P波和S波到时的拾取准确率,为强噪声环境下的地震波形到时拾取提供了新思路. 相似文献
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Time-Frequency Peak Filtering (TFPF) is an effective method to eliminate pervasive random noise when seismic signals are analyzed. In conventional TFPF, the pseudo Wigner–Ville distribution (PWVD) is used for estimating instantaneous frequency (IF), but is sensitive to noise interferences that mask the borderline between signal and noise and detract the energy concentration on the IF curve. This leads to the deviation of the peaks of the pseudo Wigner–Ville distribution from the instantaneous frequency, which is the cause of undesirable lateral oscillations as well as of amplitude attenuation of the highly varying seismic signal, and ultimately of the biased seismic signal. With the purpose to overcome greatly these drawbacks and increase the signal-to-noise ratio, we propose in this paper a TFPF refinement that is based upon the joint time-frequency distribution (JTFD). The joint time-frequency distribution is obtained by the combination of the PWVD and smooth PWVD (SPWVD). First we use SPWVD to generate a broad time-frequency area of the signal. Then this area is filtered with a step function to remove some divergent time-frequency points. Finally, the joint time-frequency distribution JTFD is obtained from PWVD weighted by this filtered distribution. The objective pursued with all these operations is to reduce the effects of the interferences and enhance the energy concentration around the IF of the signal in the time-frequency domain. Experiments with synthetic and real seismic data demonstrate that TFPF based on the joint time-frequency distribution can effectively suppress strong random noise and preserve events of interest. 相似文献
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After using the "Time-Frequency Relative Power Spectrum" (T-F RPS) method based on the China Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (FY-2C/FY-2E) infrared remote sensing brightness temperature data processing, we rapidly and accurately extracted and identified pre-earthquake thermal infrared anomalies for the April 16, 2013 MW7.8 of Khash, Iran Earthquake. Spatial evolution of anomalies showed the distribution and process. The anomalies were mainly distributed in the east of Khash,Iran.The characteristics of process and distribution presented X-Type model of NE and near NS strip which relates to the geological structure of this region. The epicenter was located near the intersection region of the X-Type abnormal migration process. Besides, the results of time series of anomalies showed that, the duration was more than 40 days and the maximum amplitude was about 18 times. The earthquake occurred 20 days after the abnormal maximum amplitude which appeared on March 26, 2013. 相似文献
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我国地质条件复杂、多样,能否充分发挥出非地震勘探技术成本低、效率高的技术优势,检验电法勘探技术在页岩气勘探中的有效性,是当前在页岩气勘探起步阶段亟待解决的重要问题之一.本文介绍了在研究和总结含气页岩密度、极化率、电阻率等岩石物理特征基础上,在四川盆地南部筠连地区开展的物性调查、时频电磁法勘探试验工作.勘探研究结果表明,本地区分布的富有机质页岩层系-志留系龙马溪组(S1l)具备开展电法勘探工作的物性条件,时频电磁法具有勘探富有机质页岩层系的能力. 相似文献
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利用紫坪铺水库2004～2007年记录的实际地震数据,通过比较多种滤波方法,发展出一种既能有效滤除地震数据中本底噪音、又对有效信号损伤较小的比值滤波方法。对去噪后的水库诱发地震和构造地震数据,利用小波变换方法,分别进行时频分析获得两类地震的时频谱,并提取可以反映地震发生前后能量分布和聚集情况的时频属性,最后根据各个属性的响应效果,组合得到新的属性。将时频谱与时频属性相结合,总结归纳紫坪铺水库诱发地震与构造地震波谱时频特征的差异性,为地震监测分析提供基础依据。 相似文献
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为方便台站工作人员快速准确分析定点形变观测数据的时频响应特征,利用MATLAB软件研发了基于小波分析和同步挤压时频变换的交互式数据处理与成图软件包。该软件包遵循模块化设计原则,利用导入模块读取从中国地震前兆台网数据处理系统下载的原始数据,利用预处理模块对缺失数据进行插值补全,利用小波分解与重构模块从原始数据中提取待分析的目标信号分量,利用同步挤压时频分析模块对提取目标进行高精度时频分析,并在各模块关键节点中增加绘图功能,全部处理过程采用绘图-参数输入-绘图交互的方式进行,参数灵活可调,且每步计算结果直观清晰。应用该软件包对2020年1月至2021年6月西昌小庙台DSQ型水管仪和SS-Y型伸缩仪整时值采样数据进行固体潮时频计算,并与理论固体潮时频结果进行对比,结合时频辅助分析方法,从时频谱角度初步评价了2套仪器观测资料的质量情况,为台站日常数据跟踪分析提供了参考。 相似文献
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着重分析了信号通过无源器件魔Ｔ合成与分配的幅度、相位和频率特性。在此基础上，提出了利用魔Ｔ实现多原频率组合与冗余的几种实用结构．它与以往流行的利用开关在源与源之间直接转换相比，无论在源的有效利用上，还是在保持信号的不中断和相位、频率的连续性方面，都呈现出比较突出的优点． 相似文献
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基于Ricker子波匹配追踪算法在薄互层砂体储层预测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国东部大多数中、新生代陆相含油盆地大都以薄层砂、泥岩沉积为主,地层岩性和厚度横向变化均较大,而这些地层的厚度远低于常规地震勘探的垂向分辨率。为解决薄互层储层预测问题,笔者综合分析了短时傅里叶变换、连续小波变换和匹配追踪算法的优缺点,通过实验模型及实际资料分析,得到以下结论:与短时傅氏变换与连续小波变换相比,基于Ricker子波匹配追踪算法的频谱分解技术在分析薄互层储层时具有更高的时频分辨率,能够更客观地刻画地质体;从平湖油气田地震、测井数据分析,基于Ric-ker子波匹配追踪算法更有效地刻画出储层的空间形态,并且与实钻数据储层的分布吻合效果好。 相似文献
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