无人机技术在海岛测绘中的应用     

李雪瑞  魏征  田松  李明杰 《测绘通报》2020,(1):150-153

为提高海岛测绘的技术手段，将无人机引入海岛地形调查中，以Swallow-P小型固定翼无人机开展惠州市大亚湾虎洲海岛大比例尺测图为例，系统归纳了无人机外业数据采集与内业数据处理的具体流程，并制作了DEM和DOM成果；经过实测地面点精度分析得出虎洲无人机大比例尺测图成果平面位置中误差和高程中误差符合1∶1000测图精度要求。  相似文献   

一种移动视频与地理场景的融合方法     

赵维淞  钱建国  汤圣君  王伟玺  李晓明  郭晗 《测绘通报》2020,(12):11-16

快速准确地了解灾害现场状况是救灾过程中的重中之重。通常发生灾害都会使用无人机进行现场勘察，但是无人机视频难以与实际的地理场景关联起来，为此本文提出了一种移动视频与地理场景的融合方法。该方法首先采用具有仿射不变性的ASIFT算法检测特征点，将匹配后的特征点采用RANSAC算法进行迭代剔除噪点，计算视频与地理场景最优的透视变换矩阵模型参数；然后将计算得到的透视变换参数应用到视频数据，恢复视频角点坐标；最后通过内插得出所有视频帧的角点坐标，实现视频与DOM的精确融合。试验结果表明，对视频数据匹配的间隔帧越短，其整体融合精度越高，通过本文方法进行视频与地理场景融合的误差标准差低于10 m。  相似文献   

融合多源数据的三维建模方法及精度分析     

祖立辉 《北京测绘》2020,(3):347-351

以地面相机影像、低空无人机影像和地面三维激光点云数据为融合对象,研究空地影像融合、低空影像融合地面三维激光点云和低空影像融合三维白模进行三维建模的方法,并对其三维建模精度和建模效果进行综合分析。这3种融合方法进行三维建模丰富了三维模型的色彩纹理信息,提高了三维模型的几何结构精度,能满足较大场景的三维实景模型的建模要求,为数字化古建筑(古文物)保护提供具有较高价值的参考数据。  相似文献   

基于无人机的用海项目施工期悬浮泥沙监测          下载免费PDF全文

孙芹芹  张加晋  罗美雪 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(3):34-38

为实现对用海项目施工期悬浮泥沙扩散的实时跟踪监测,尝试采用无人机携带可见光、多光谱传感器对古雷围填海项目的围堰区进行遥感探测。利用Pix4d软件对无人机携带的可见光及多光谱照片进行处理,结果表明,可见光及多光谱影像对水体中的悬浮泥沙分布均具有一定的识别能力。通过研究分析多光谱影像的光谱特征发现,近红外波段对悬浮泥沙含量的升高较为敏感,运用波段比值公式计算结果显示,围堰内含沙水体经溢流口排入海域后浓度明显降低,并可向南继续扩散约300 m。该方法可克服遥感卫星影像时空分辨率低的特点,为用海项目资源环境影响跟踪监测提供新的技术手段。  相似文献   

Research on Parallel Algorithms for uv-faceting Imaging     

《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2019,43(3):424-443

The uv-faceting imaging is one of the widely used large field of view imaging technologies, and will be adopted for the data processing of the low-frequency array in the first stage of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA1). Due to the scale of the raw data of SKA1 is unprecedentedly large, the efficiency of data processing directly using the original uv-faceting imaging will be very low. Therefore, a uv-faceting imaging algorithm based on the MPI (Message Passing Interface)+OpenMP (Open Multi-Processing) and a uv-faceting imaging algorithm based on the MPI+CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) are proposed. The most time-consuming data reading and gridding in the algorithm are optimized in parallel. The verification results show that the results of the proposed two algorithms are basically consistent with that obtained by the current mainstream data processing software CASA (Common Astronomy Software Applications), which indicates that the proposed two algorithms are basically correct. Further analysis of the accuracy and total running time shows that the MPI+CUDA method is better than the MPI+OpenMP method in both the correctness rate and running speed. The performance test results show that the proposed algorithms are effective and have certain extensibility.  相似文献   

Digital mapping of coastal boulders – high-resolution data acquisition to infer past and recent transport dynamics     

Fabian Boesl  Max Engel  Rodrigo C. Eco  JaN B. Galang  Lia A. Gonzalo  Francesca Llanes  Eva Quix  Helmut Brückner 《Sedimentology》2020,67(3):1393-1410

Coastal boulder fields provide clues to long-term frequency-magnitude patterns of coastal flooding events and have the potential to play an important role in coastal hazard assessment. Mapping boulders in the field is time and labour-intensive, and work on intertidal reef platforms, as in the present study, is physically challenging. By addressing coastal scientists who are not specialists in remote sensing, this contribution reports on the possibilities and limitations of digital applications in boulder mapping in Eastern Samar, Philippines, where recent supertyphoons Haiyan and Hagupit induced high waves, coastal flooding and boulder transport. It is demonstrated how satellite imagery of sub-metre resolution (from Pléiades and WorldView-3 imagery) enables efficient analysis of transport vectors and distances of larger boulders, reflecting variation in latitudes of both typhoon tracks and approaching angles of typhoon-generated waves. During the investigated events, boulders with a-axes of up to 8 m were clearly identified to have been shifted for up to 32 m, mostly along the seaward margin of the boulder field. It is, however, hard to keep track of smaller boulders, and the length of a-axes and b-axes including their orientation is often impossible to map with sufficient accuracy. Orthophotographs and digital surface models created through the application of an unmanned aerial vehicle and the ‘Structure from Motion’ technique provide ultra-high-resolution data, and have the potential to not only improve the results of satellite image analysis, but also those from field mapping and may significantly reduce overall time in the field. Orthophotographs permit unequivocal mapping of a-axes and b-axes including their orientation, while precise values for c-axes can be derived from the respective digital surface models. Volume of boulders is best inferred from boulder-specific Structure from Motion-based three-dimensional models. Battery power, flight speed and altitude determine the limits of the area covered, while patches shielded by the boulders are difficult to resolve. For some tasks, field mapping remains mandatory and cannot be replaced by currently available remote sensing tools: for example, sampling for rock type, density and age dating, recording of lithological separation of boulders from the underlying geological unit and of geomorphic features on a millimetre to decimetre-scale, or documentation of fine-grained sediment transport in between the boulders in supratidal settings. In terms of future events, the digital products presented here will provide a valuable reference to track boulder transport on a centimetre to decimetre-scale and to better understand the hydrodynamics of extreme-wave events on a fringing reef coastline.  相似文献   

保持局域特征的多源海冰图像融合与分类     

余志强  王廷伟  张晰  张杰  任鹏 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(7):129-136

本文提出一种保持局域特征的多源海冰图像融合方法，并在此基础上进行海冰分类。本文提出的多源海冰图像融合方法包括保持空间局域融合和保持特征局域融合两方面。首先，通过学习得到投影矩阵和相似矩阵。投影矩阵将多源像素进行投影变换，得到保留像素空间局域特性的融合向量。相似矩阵度量像素特征间的相似性，通过拉普拉斯特征分解，得到保留像素特征局域相似性的融合向量。然后，将空间融合向量和特征融合向量进行像素综合，得到融合图像。在此基础上，本文设计一种滑动集成分类方法进行融合图像像素分类。提出的分类方法利用滑动集成的特点，在分类时增强刻画了海冰局域特性。由于本文的保持局域融合框架不仅刻画了海冰在物理空间中的邻接关系，而且考虑不同海冰类型的特征关系，因此其在多源图像（多光谱和合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像）的海冰分类任务中表现优异。实验结果表明本文提出的基于保持局域特征融合的多源海冰图像分类方法有效提升了海冰分类精度。  相似文献   

顾及地形起伏的无人机影像覆盖分析方法     

张衡  李骁  叶朋飞 《测绘通报》2020,(1):102-106

使用无人机实施测绘航空摄影时，由于无人机相对航高较低，地面起伏会对无人机影像的分辨率、覆盖范围、重叠度造成较大的影响，影像成果会出现分辨率不足、重叠度不够、覆盖漏洞等缺陷。针对这一情况，本文提出了一种利用数字微分正解法的计算方法，借助DEM准确计算每张影像的覆盖范围，并使用FME软件高效生成全部影像的覆盖范围。经过实际使用，验证了该方法可以在航线设计阶段准确预测并分析全部影像的覆盖范围、重叠度，因此可及时发现设计问题并调整航线。该方法可以有效减少因地形起伏造成的影像覆盖缺陷，减少返工现象，从整体上提高了作业效率。  相似文献   

基于Sentinel-2的潮间红树林提取方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐芳  张英  翟亮  刘佳  谷祥辉 《测绘通报》2020,(2):49-54

位于潮间带的红树林可能在高潮时被海水淹没的特点，使得传统的植被提取方法在红树林信息提取方面存在局限性。本文在对比分析了出露的红树林、高潮水位淹没的红树林、海水水体的光谱特征后，提出了一种利用归一化潮间红树林指数（NIMI）提取潮间带红树林的方法。该指数是由植被强吸收的红波段，强反射的两个红边波段和近红外波段组成的归一化表达式。利用该指数对福建省龙海九龙江口湿地的红树林进行了分类提取，提取结果与高分二号影像目视验证和现场调查结果进行了对照。结果显示，该方法提取红树林的用户精度达到93.98%，并显著优于利用归一化水体指数（NDWI）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）及随机森林的结果。  相似文献   

低空无人机的倾斜摄影测量技术在城市轨道交通建设中的应用     

冯增文  李珂  李梓豪  任传斌 《测绘通报》2020,(9):42-45

智慧地铁的建设需要三维模型的支撑，运用倾斜摄影测量技术，结合三维可视化技术，为智慧地铁提供了三维数据支撑，推动了全生命周期智慧地铁建设的全面发展。本文旨在以雄安新区城市轨道交通R1线为研究区，对其沿线85 km进行了无人机航飞工作，通过数据处理获取了沿线三维实景模型，并对模型成果精度进行了详细对比。结果表明，此次倾斜摄影测量成果满足1：500比例尺要求。此外，还对倾斜摄影测量技术在城市轨道交通建设中的相关应用进行了介绍，为城市轨道交通建设工作由二维向三维转变开拓了新的方向。  相似文献