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Amik Lake or, historically, Lake of Antioch, was a large freshwater body in the lower Orontes River basin (Hatay Province, Turkey) that was drained in the 1940s–1970s. Several endemic animal species were described from this lake, including the freshwater mussel Anodonta pseudodopsis Locard, 1883 (Bivalvia: Unionidae) characterized by a large rounded shell covered by a peculiar yellow or yellowish-brown periostracum. Molecular analyses of topotypes of this nominal taxon collected from the former lake’s tributaries in the Amik Plain indicate that it is an intra-specific lineage of the widespread Anodonta anatina (Linnaeus, 1758) based on the mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA, and the nuclear 28S rRNA gene fragments. Geometric morphometric analyses using the lectotype and topotypes of Anodonta pseudodopsis support our DNA-based hypothesis on the status of this nominal taxon. A new synonymy is provided as follows: Anodonta anatina = Anodonta pseudodopsis syn. nov. The syntype of Anodonta pseudodopsis SMF 5129 “See von Antiochia” (Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Frankfurt, Germany) is designated here to be the lectotype of this nominal taxon. Finally, we conclude that Anodonta anatina range covers the Orontes River basin in Turkey and Syria and the Nahr al-Kabir al-Shamali River in the Latakia Governorate of Syria. This intraspecific lineage of Anodonta anatina and other freshwater mussels of the Middle East are highly threatened due to multiple anthropogenic impacts and must be a focus of international conservation efforts. The Karasu River in eastern Turkey hosts viable populations of all freshwater mussel species of the Orontes’s fauna and can be considered one of the most important water bodies for the conservation of these imperiled animals in the region.  相似文献   
2.
Laboratory experiments on the New Zealand freshwater mussel Echyridella menziesii were used to investigate the short-term effects (7–8 days) of food type on rates of biodeposition and benthic substrate respiration. Post-feeding biodeposition rates ranged from 0.34 to 1.52?mg?g?1?h?1 (mean?=?0.50?mg g?1?h?1) and were unaffected by the addition of toxin-producing Microcystis. Addition of suspended sediment (30?mg?L?1) visibly altered substrate composition, and increased total and inorganic biodeposit production rates by 24–33% compared to mussels fed commercial phytoplankton stock. Biodeposition rates of mussels in lake bed substrates were 38% higher than those in silica sand for identical feeding regimes, suggesting that a significant proportion of material produced in this experiment could have been derived from feeding on organic matter in the lake bed sediments. Respiration rates were higher in treatments with Microcystis but were unaffected by the presence of mussels. This laboratory study suggests that biodeposition by E. menziesii is resilient to short-term exposure to Microcystis, and highlights the ability of mussels to alter benthic substrate composition by incorporating suspended sediment into substrates.  相似文献   
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Species composition, relative abundance and life history of unionid mussels are compared between 1982–86 and 1915–19 in Lake Hallwil and the outflowing brook. The recent samples of unionid mussels were collected by divers, whereas the older ones were from a shell collection. The motivation for the comparison was that the trophic degree of the lake has changed since the beginning of the century from mesotrophic to highly eutrophic. The effects of this increased trophic degree of the lake on the life cycle of unionid mussels is discussed. Predictions are made about species composition and life history in the context of the ongoing lake restoration by the authorities.  相似文献   
4.
双峰无齿蚌Anodonta bigibba(Heude)非寄生变态发育的研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
1993年4、5月份观察到双峰无齿蚌Anodonta bigibba(Heude)母体排出的不是钩介幼虫,而是幼蚌。幼蚌壳中具一呈似三角形、较厚的钩介幼虫外壳,其腹缘顶端具壳钩。幼蚌在原钩介幼虫壳缘生长了1—4环新壳,而且具育带纤毛的足、前后闭壳肌、管状鳃原基和肛门孔等。幼蚌在室内试养存活了39天,显示已具独立生活能力。研究表明,该蚌钩介幼虫在母体育儿囊中已经历并完成变态,发育成幼蚌。这是我国首次发现的一种非寄生变态发育的珠蚌类,对于研究我国珠蚌类的进化及与世界淡水贝类的亲缘关系有着重要价值。此外,鉴于双峰无齿蚌与背角无齿蚌Anodonta woodiana(Lea)的成体壳形和发育生活史的不同,应恢复Heude建立的双峰无齿蚌的种名。  相似文献   
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The freshwater pearl mussel was historically abundant in many streams and rivers in the Elbe, Oder, and Danube Basins in the Czech Republic, Central Europe. By the 21st century, the mussels had become extinct in the lower and middle altitudes, and current populations are only present near the upper limit of their natural range. The current population of this mussel is estimated to be only 1% of the historical abundance. The population decline was related to the negative impacts of pollution from industry, intense agriculture, forestry, and sewage water. The freshwater pearl mussel habitat has also been impacted by watercourse regulations and has been fragmented by dams and weirs. All of these impacts have resulted in failure of the reproductive cycle; the last significant cohort of juveniles settled approximately 30 – 40 years ago. Therefore, this species is considered critically endangered, and an action plan was developed to conserve the populations in the Czech Republic. Special measures were conducted between 1984 and 2005 to improve the age structure of elderly populations. Fish infected with millions of glochidia were released in two locations, and over 53,000 captive-bred juveniles that were three to five years old were released in seven locations. Only the latter approach resulted in a small number of subadults that gradually emerged from the substratum to the bottom surface, as confirmed by monitoring efforts. Despite simultaneous efforts to restore mussel habitat over the last 25 years, natural reproduction still does not occur in the Czech Republic. Therefore, complete restoration of oligotrophic streams is the key to the future presence and natural reproduction of freshwater pearl mussels in the Czech Republic.  相似文献   
6.
中国是东亚蚌类(蚌目:蚌超科)物种分布中心,共记录有26属.然而,在世界蚌目框架下,中国仍缺乏一个完整科学的蚌类分类系统.本研究基于多位点分子标记(COI、16S、28S)和线粒体基因组学重构聚焦于蚌超科的蚌目系统发育关系,ML、BI和BEAST系统发育结果均支持蚌科5亚科分类系统,即(((Ambleminae+Gonideinae)+Rectidentinae)+Unioninae)+Parreysiinae;珍珠蚌科2亚科分类系统,即(Gibbosulinae+Margaritiferinae);中国蚌类隶属蚌科4亚科(Gonideinae,Rectidentinae,Unioninae,Parreysiinae)13族和珍珠蚌科两亚科(Gibbosulinae,Margaritiferinae).基于化石标定的分子钟显示:蚌科物种分化时间为中三叠世(median=232.07 Ma),其中雕刻蚌亚科(Parreysiinae)起源和物种分化时间早于其他亚科;矩形蚌亚科(Rectidentinae)物种分化时间最晚,为晚白垩世(median=94.72 Ma);小方蚌亚科(Ambleminae)和隆脊蚌亚科(Gonideinae)最近共同祖先分化于晚侏罗纪世(median=144.69 Ma),珍珠蚌科起源于晚石炭世(median=312.61 Ma),物种分化于晚白垩世(median=91.59 Ma),中国蚌科现生物种最早起源时间可追溯到白垩纪(中国尖嵴蚌(Acuticosta chinensis),median=114.36 Ma).蚌超科线粒体基因重排分析显示:蚌超科线粒体基因组有4种基因排列方式(GO),珍珠蚌科独享一种(GO1);蚌科中Unioninae和Ambleminae共享一种(GO2);Gonideinae有2种基因排列方式(GO3和GO4),其中室蚌(Chamberlainia hainesiana)独享一种(GO4),其余物种共享一种(GO3).以往作为高阶元分类的贝壳形态、钩介幼虫形态以及育儿囊类型,并不能作为蚌科属及以上阶元分类依据.本研究重构了世界蚌目聚焦于蚌超科的系统发育关系和进化历史,建立了中国蚌类分类系统,为今后该类群区系多样性研究及资源保护提供了分类依据.  相似文献   
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