湿地水文过程与植被响应研究进展与案例分析     

徐力刚  赖锡军  万荣荣  王晓龙  李相虎 《地理科学进展》2019,38(8):1171-1181

生态水文学是20世纪90年代兴起的一门研究生态过程和生态格局水文机制的新学科。湖泊湿地作为中国5大类天然湿地类型之一,湖泊湿地生态水文学的研究业已成为生态水文学的研究的一个重要对象和分支,其核心在于研究湖泊湿地生态系统中多时空尺度的水文与生物格局、过程的耦合特征及其相互作用。论文首先概述了湖泊湿地生态水文学的研究进展,包括其基本理论,内涵、外延及其主要研究内容;凝练了湖泊湿地生态水文学研究的方法体系、思路及框架;针对目前湖泊湿地生态水文学研究中存在的问题及薄弱环节,提出了湖泊湿地生态水文学未来研究的发展趋势和亟需加强研究的重点方向。在此基础上,以长江中游的典型通江湖泊湿地——鄱阳湖湿地为例,通过开展的湖泊湿地生态水文过程与模拟研究的典型案例,阐述了鄱阳湖湖泊湿地生态水文过程的变化及其植被响应研究的最新进展和研究成果。论文对于构建涵盖湖泊湿地水资源、湖泊湿地生态景观格局与流域管理、湖泊湿地生物多样性保育以及湿地资源可持续利用与生态管理等方向在内的战略研究体系,完善湿地生态水文研究与流域生态与管理的技术支撑体系具有重要的指导意义和实践价值。  相似文献   

Wetland hydroperiod classification in the western prairies using multitemporal synthetic aperture radar          下载免费PDF全文

Joshua S. Montgomery  Chris Hopkinson  Brian Brisco  Shane Patterson  Stewart B. Rood 《水文研究》2018,32(10):1476-1490

Wetlands represent one of the world's most biodiverse and threatened ecosystem types and were diminished globally by about two‐thirds in the 20th century. There is continuing decline in wetland quantity and function due to infilling and other human activities. In addition, with climate change, warmer temperatures and changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration are reducing wetland surface and groundwater supplies, further altering wetland hydrology and vegetation. There is a need to automate inventory and monitoring of wetlands, and as a study system, we investigated the Shepard Slough wetlands complex, which includes numerous wetlands in urban, suburban, and agricultural zones in the prairie pothole region of southern Alberta, Canada. Here, wetlands are generally confined to depressions in the undulating terrain, challenging wetlands inventory and monitoring. This study applied threshold and frequency analysis routines for high‐resolution, single‐polarization (HH) RADARSAT‐2, synthetic aperture radar mapping. This enabled a growing season surface water extent hyroperiod‐based wetland classification, which can support water and wetland resource monitoring. This 3‐year study demonstrated synthetic aperture radar‐derived multitemporal open‐water masks provided an effective index of wetland permanence class, with overall accuracies of 89% to 95% compared with optical validation data, and RMSE between 0.2 and 0.7 m between model and field validation data. This allowed for characterizing the distribution and dynamics of 4 marsh wetlands hydroperiod classes, temporary, seasonal, semipermanent, and permanent, and mapping of the sequential vegetation bands that included emergent, obligate wetland, facultative wetland, and upland plant communities. Hydroperiod variation and surface water extent were found to be influenced by short‐term rainfall events in both wet and dry years. Seasonal hydroperiods in wetlands were particularly variable if there was a decrease in the temporary or semipermanent hydroperiod classes. In years with extreme rain events, the temporary wetlands especially increased relative to longer lasting wetlands (84% in 2015 with significant rainfall events, compared with 42% otherwise).  相似文献   

1992年以来盐城滨海湿地植被动态变化研究     

张佳佳  沈永明 《海洋科学》2018,42(8):14-21

基于1992～2016年4个时相的遥感数据, 对盐城滨海川东港至梁垛河口岸段进行景观分类, 分析湿地植被类型及分布, 借助转移矩阵法探究滨海湿地植被的时空演变。结果表明: 茅草、芦苇、碱蓬, 米草为川东港至梁垛河口段主要湿地植被类型。1992～2016年植被总面积减少, 其中茅草几近消失殆尽; 芦苇、碱蓬面积持续缩减; 米草面积大幅增长。1992～2000年植被面积快速缩减, 大面积的茅草碱蓬地被开发为耕地; 2000～2009年养殖塘侵占湿地植被, 规模剧增。2009～2016年, 米草向海方向扩张的同时靠陆侧转变为养殖塘。川东港至梁垛河口的植被演变是自然和人为共同作用的结果。一方面受淤积型海岸影响, 另一方面受政策引导下的各类滩涂开发活动, 及互花米草的引种所带来的快速扩散的影响。本文研究结果为盐城滨海湿地管理与可持续发展提供理论参考。  相似文献   

Conditional effects of tides and waves on short‐term marsh sedimentation dynamics          下载免费PDF全文

Zhigang Ma  Tom Ysebaert  Daphne van der Wal  Peter M.J. Herman 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(10):2243-2255

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黑龙江哈尔滨白渔泡国家湿地公园沼泽、林地和农田土壤物理、化学和生物性质差异     

丁俊男  于少鹏  史传奇 《湿地科学》2020,18(1):77-84

为了揭示黑龙江哈尔滨白渔泡国家湿地公园沼泽、林地和农田土壤物理、化学和生物性质的差异,于2018年7月25日~8月2日,在湿地公园内,在天然芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽、林地、旱田和水田中设置采样地,采集不同深度(0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm)的土壤样品,测定土壤样品的物理、化学和生物指标。研究结果表明,白渔泡国家湿地公园不同采样地土壤指标存在差异;与天然芦苇沼泽土壤相比,其它采样地土壤的含水量明显偏低,土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮和有机质含量都明显偏小,水田土壤速效磷含量偏大;天然芦苇沼泽土壤脲酶、硝酸还原酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性都高于林地和农田土壤,水田0~10 cm和10~20 cm深度土壤的硝酸还原酶活性显著高于旱田和林地;与天然芦苇沼泽土壤相比,旱田土壤小于0.25 mm的小团聚体含量偏大,而其它采样地土壤的各粒级团聚体的比例变化较小,水田土壤团聚体平均重量直径比天然芦苇沼泽和旱田土壤低。  相似文献   

水文情势、土壤和水电开发对河流湿地中植物的影响研究进展     

杨娇  厉恩华  夏盈  张莹莹  王学雷 《湿地科学》2020,18(1):115-121

开展环境对河流湿地中植物的影响研究,不仅有助于了解河流湿地中植物与生态环境之间的关系,而且对河流湿地中植物的保护和恢复工作具有重要意义。根据近年来发表的环境对河流湿地中植物的影响研究成果,对河流湿地中植物的范围进行了界定,综述了与河流湿地中植物关系密切的水文情势、土壤和水电开发对其的影响,指出未来对河流湿地中植物的影响研究的方向。  相似文献   

Understanding coastal wetland hydrology with a new regional‐scale,process‐based hydrological model          下载免费PDF全文

Yu Zhang  Wenhong Li  Ge Sun  Guofang Miao  Asko Noormets  Ryan Emanuel  John S. King 《水文研究》2018,32(20):3158-3173

Coastal wetlands represent an ecotone between ocean and terrestrial ecosystems, providing important services, including flood mitigation, fresh water supply, erosion control, carbon sequestration, and wildlife habitat. The environmental setting of a wetland and the hydrological connectivity between a wetland and adjacent terrestrial and aquatic systems together determine wetland hydrology. Yet little is known about regional‐scale hydrological interactions among uplands, coastal wetlands, and coastal processes, such as tides, sea level rise, and saltwater intrusion, which together control the dynamics of wetland hydrology. This study presents a new regional‐scale, physically based, distributed wetland hydrological model, PIHM‐Wetland, which integrates the surface and subsurface hydrology with coastal processes and accounts for the influence of wetland inundation on energy budgets and evapotranspiration (ET). The model was validated using in situ hydro‐meteorological measurements and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ET data for a forested and herbaceous wetland in North Carolina, USA, which confirmed that the model accurately represents the major wetland hydrological behaviours. Modelling results indicate that topographic gradient is a primary control of groundwater flow direction in adjacent uplands. However, seasonal climate patterns become the dominant control of groundwater flow at lower coastal plain and land–ocean interface. We found that coastal processes largely influence groundwater table (GWT) dynamics in the coastal zone, 300 to 800 m from the coastline in our study area. Among all the coastal processes, tides are the dominant control on GWT variation. Because of inundation, forested and herbaceous wetlands absorb an additional 6% and 10%, respectively, of shortwave radiation annually, resulting in a significant increase in ET. Inundation alters ET partitioning through canopy evaporation, transpiration, and soil evaporation, the effect of which is stronger in cool seasons than in warm seasons. The PIHM‐Wetland model provides a new tool that improves the understanding of wetland hydrological processes on a regional scale. Insights from this modelling study provide benchmarks for future research on the effects of sea level rise and climate change on coastal wetland functions and services.  相似文献   

A method for evaluating the longitudinal functional connectivity of a river–lake–marsh system and its application in China     

Yeling Liu  Baoshan Cui  Jizeng Du  Qing Wang  Shuling Yu  Wei Yang 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5278-5297

The longitudinal functional connectivity of a river–lake–marsh system (RLMS) refers to the actual water-mediated transport of material from upstream to downstream areas along a spatial gradient and is fundamental to understand hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. However, due to a lack of consensus on appropriate data and methods, the quantification of connectivity is still a challenge, especially at the catchment scale. We developed a new method to evaluate longitudinal functional connectivity based on fluxes of materials (water, sediment, and chemicals) along a RLMS. The calculation of fluxes is based on the longitudinal pattern of terrain gradient, which influences transport efficiency, and on contributions from hillslopes, which set the initial spatial template of material loading to the RLMS. We evaluate the contributions from hillslopes to RLMS based on a new modified version of the index of sediment connectivity (IC) proposed by Borselli et al. (2008) and revised by Chartin et al. (2017).We applied this method to the Baiyangdian Basin covering an area of 3.4 × 10⁴ km² in China and quantified longitudinal functional connectivity during normal, wet, and dry periods(April, July and December) in year 2016. We found that areas with good structural connectivity exhibited poor functional connectivity during the normal and dry periods. Modelling testing with discharge data from hydrological stations and measured chemicals from Baiyangdian Lake was satisfactory in test periods. We conclude that public data and Digital Elevation Model-derived information can be used to reliably map the longitudinal functional connectivity of RLMSs. The proposed method provides a useful tool for monitoring and restoring the longitudinal functional connectivity of RLMSs and our results indicate that efforts aimed at restoring functional connectivity in RLMSs should take into account landscape patterns that can greatly influence fluxes in the watershed.  相似文献   

Season Effects on Subsurface Constructed Wetlands Performance: Role of Radial Oxygen Loss of Phragmites australis     

Qian Wang  Zhenfeng Cao  Yanbiao Hu  Qiang Kong  Fei Xu  Yuanda Du  Congcong Zhao 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(8)

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Impact of missing flow on active inundation areas and transformation of parafluvial wetlands in Punarbhaba–Tangon river basin of Indo-Bangladesh     

Swades Pal 《国际地球制图》2019,34(10):1055-1074

Punarbhaba river of Indo-Bangladesh has experienced hydro-ecological alteration after installation of Komardanga dam in 1992 and consequently wetland and inundation areas have undergone into transformation. The present work intends to explore the impact of flow attenuation on contemporary and upcoming flood extent and flood plain wetlands. In post-dam condition, average and maximum flows are attenuated by 36 and 41%, respectively, and as a result the active flood prone area is squeezed considerably by 39.72%. Average flood water depth is also reduced by 37.87% (4.45metre) after flow modification. Due to shrinkages of flood prone areas, wetland area is also reduced from 215.70 to 90.40 km² and larger part of the present wetland area is under stress and critical state. Predicted flood prone areas in next 25 years will be 328.91 km² and consequently 65.63 km² wetland areas may further be under hydro-ecological threats. Release of ecological flow is essential to restore and preserve the wetland.  相似文献