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1.
对玄武湖实施清淤引水、藻华治理、种群恢复等措施前后的水体数据进行分析,结果表明:清淤引水工程可短时间内降低沉积物中污染物浓度,缓解水体富营养化程度,但从长期效果分析,水体中的营养盐含量并未显著改善.藻华治理能在短期内有效抑制水体中的蓝藻水华,治理后水体各项指标均有提升,水生植物种群得以恢复,是短期改善水体水质的有效方式.在种群恢复阶段与往年相比,水体各项指标均有所改善,持续时间更长,是一种理想的湖泊治理方法.  相似文献   
2.
本研究采用现场定量观测为主的研究方法,在2017年5月期间对苏北浅滩竹根沙收紫菜养殖筏架作业过程进行跟踪调查;对养殖筏架绠绳附生绿藻自然脱落和收筏架作业过程人为刮落附生绿藻,以及收筏架作业前后入海的漂浮绿藻生物量进行定量观测。结果表明:筏架绳附生绿藻自然脱落率低,为3.58%±0.78%;收筏架作业过程中绠绳上刮落绿藻生物量为(12±3)kg湿重/根,由此估算2017年整个苏北浅滩刮落的生物量估算可达到万吨湿重;收筏架作业后海域漂浮绿藻生物量是作业前的7.6倍。研究结果进一步明确了收筏架作业过程中人为刮落绿藻是目前筏架附生绿藻最主要的入海方式。刮落绿藻是海水中漂浮绿藻的主要来源,其生物量对南黄海绿潮的规模大小有重要的影响。研究结果为绿潮防控措施的制定和实施提供科学依据。  相似文献   
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Microbioerosion rates and microbioeroder community structure were studied in four Kenyan protected coral-reef lagoons using shell fragments of Tridacna giant clams to determine their response to the influence of terrestrial run-off. Fourteen different microbioeroder traces from seven cyanobacteria, three green algae and four fungi species were identified. The river discharge-impacted reef and ‘pristine’ reef showed similar composition but higher microbioeroder abundance and total cyanobacteria- and chlorophyte-bioeroded areas when compared with the other study reefs. Cyanobacteria dominated during the north-east monsoon (NEM) relative to the south-east monsoon (SEM) season, with algae and cyanobacteria being major microbioeroders in the river-impacted and pristine reefs. The rate of microbioerosion varied between 4.3 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1 (SEM) and 134.7 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1 (NEM), and was highest in the river-impacted reef (127.6 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1), which was almost double that in the pristine reef (69.5 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1) and the mangrove-fringed reef (56.2 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1). The microbioerosion rates measured in this study may not be high enough to cause concern with regard to the health and net carbonate production of Kenya’s coral reefs. Nevertheless, predicted increases in the frequency and severity of stresses related to global climate change (e.g. increased sea surface temperature, acidification), as well as interactions with local disturbances and their influence on bioerosion, may be increasingly important in the future.  相似文献   
5.
城市湖泊富营养化问题日趋严峻,以往对水华的研究多集中于大型自然淡水湖库,而对小型城市浅水湖泊的水华动态相对较少.以宁波月湖为研究对象,探讨水华暴发期间浮游植物变化特征及与影响因子之间的关系,以期判别影响城市湖泊水华的主控因子.月湖水华期间营养盐水平处于中富营养至极端富营养之间,此次共检出浮游植物8门61属,藻种组成以绿藻门(51.79%)和硅藻门(21.43%)为主,各点位浮游植物生长主要受水温、光照驱动,经历了隐藻门→硅藻门→绿藻门→蓝藻门的演替.水华种为雷氏衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii),总藻密度最高达到1.55×108 cells/L,水华暴发后各点位衣藻属比例升高(最高达到81.10%),群落结构呈现单一化特征.通过Pearson相关性分析和RDA分析发现衣藻属生长与水温、pH、总磷浓度均呈显著正相关,春季气温回升、天气持续晴好,城市浅水湖泊高营养盐负荷、水体流动性差等特点为带鞭毛的衣藻属提供了适宜的生存条件,在环境条件均适宜的情况下拥有最大生长潜力的衣藻属在营养盐、光照等竞争中生长速率明显优于其他藻种,从而发生绿藻水华.  相似文献   
6.
经济海藻的病害一直是海藻人工栽培的一大障碍,往往造成严重的经济损失。目前对藻类病害的研究大多集中于病原鉴定,而病原的多样性和复杂的海区微环境增加了病原分离和鉴定的难度。本文综述了经济海藻病害发生的原因、病原的多样性和致病机制、病原的鉴定、检测和防治方法,并对未来我国海藻病害研究方向进行了展望,以期对藻类病害的防控提供参考。  相似文献   
7.
Seagrasses are marine angiosperms that form extensive submarine meadows in the photic zone where carbonate producing biota dwell as epiphytes on the leaves or as infaunal forms, and act as prolific carbonate sediment factories. Because seagrasses have a low preservation potential and records of exceptionally well‐preserved and plant material from marine settings are rare, these palaeoenvironments are difficult to identify in the rock record. Consequently, sedimentological and palaeontological proxies are the main indicators of the presence of seagrass‐dominated ecosystems. This work investigates the skeletal assemblage of Modern (Maldivian and western Mediterranean) and fossil (Eocene; Apula and Oman carbonate platforms and Oligocene; Malta platform) seagrass examples to characterize the skeletal assemblage of modern and fossil seagrasses. Two main types of grains, calcareous algae and foraminifera, constitute around 50% of the bioclastic sediment in both tropical Maldivian and temperate Mediterranean scenarios. However, in the tropical setting they are represented by green algae (Halimeda), while in the Mediterranean they are represented by corallinacean red algae. In contrast, in the Eocene examples, the foraminifera are the most conspicuous group and the green algae are also abundant. The opposite occurs in the Maltese Chattian, which is dominated by coralline algae (mean 42%), although the foraminifera are still abundant. It is suggested to use the term foralgal to identify the seagrass skeletal assemblage. To discriminate between red algae and green algae dominance, the introduction of the prefixes ‘GA’ (green algae) and ‘RA’ (red algae) is proposed. The investigated examples provide evidence that the green algae–foralgal assemblage is typical of tropical, not excessively dense seagrass meadows, characterized by a well‐illuminated substrate to support the development and calcification of the Halimeda thallus. Contrarily, the red algae‐foralgal assemblage is typical of high density tropical to subtropical seagrass meadows which create very dense oligophotic conditions on the sea floor or in temperate settings where Halimeda cannot calcify.  相似文献   
8.
There are deep-water populations of the endemic and threatened Mediterranean brown alga Cystoseira zosteroides in the Medes Islands Marine Reserve (NW Mediterranean). Here, the distribution, population structure, individual growth, mortality and recruitment rates of this species over two years are described in relation to the effects of an exceptional storm. We found a high spatial variability in the structure and dynamics of C. zosteroides populations at small geographical scales, suggesting that environmental factors acting at the population level display a key role in population size structure, mortality and recruitment. The elevated mortality rates recorded at some locations (almost 80%) is amongst the highest recorded for perennial algae as a consequence of a single storm, emphasizing the importance of episodic catastrophic events in the maintenance of these deep-water, slow-growing populations. These findings are of particular importance not only to fully understand the ecology of C. zosteroides, but also for its conservation.  相似文献   
9.
在实验室内不同盐度梯度下培养常见的两种赤潮藻——中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum s.l.)和东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense),根据logistic生长模型获得了终止生物量Bf和最大生长速率μmax,并测定了藻体中过氧化物酶(POD)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、多胺氧化酶(PAO)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)、腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)、精胺(Spm)的含量。结果表明,高、低盐度胁迫下,两种藻均会积累MDA,活性氧自由基的伤害增强,藻的生长受到了抑制。同时,两种藻都会提升多胺含量,通过多胺的调节作用来缓解胁迫的伤害,促进生长,但是在提升的多胺种类和形态上,两种藻存在着差异。高盐胁迫下,中肋骨条藻会提升多胺尤其是游离态多胺的含量来缓解伤害,东海原甲藻则依靠结合态的亚精胺和游离态的精胺的调节作用。低盐胁迫下,中肋骨条藻会提升游离态腐胺的含量,而东海原甲藻体内各形态的多胺都会上升。  相似文献   
10.
裂片石莼营养价值的评价及其多糖制备的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对采自福建的野生裂片石莼(Ulva fasciata)进行了分类学鉴定和营养价值评估;采用微波加热新方法,进一步研究了裂片石莼多糖提取工艺。研究结果表明,裂片石莼的总糖、粗蛋白质、总氨基酸和总脂含量分别为34.38%、27.60%、25.20%、11.70%;其必需氨基酸含量为10.0%,氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)=79.77;裂片石莼的重金属元素含量达到国家海藻制品的限量标准。研究结果还表明,通过正交实验优化微波加热提取工艺,与传统加热提取工艺相比,裂片石莼多糖的得率提高了21.35%,而耗能降低了58.51%。  相似文献   
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