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1.
使用全国23个国家测震台站和17个实验台站地震计记录的背景噪声数据,研究特定尺度(限定频带内)的背景噪声特性,分析利用分形方法监测台站观测系统运行状态的可行性。结果表明,分形方法具有较强的时域性,定量化程度高、抗干扰能力强,基本不受观测系统参数约束,可用于台站观测系统运行状态检测,减少正常记录瞬间中断和引入人为干扰的情况。  相似文献   
2.
钪(Sc)是世界各国竞相争夺的关键金属矿产资源之一。滇中牟定大弯山变质玄武岩厚度>36.5m,出露面积0.5km^(2),形成时代为新元古代南华纪(781.3±1.9Ma)。本文对该变质玄武岩开展了全岩地球化学分析、全自动矿物分析(TESCAN TIMA)观测、NPPM薄片区域面扫和单矿物原位LA-ICPMS分析等研究,结果显示变质玄武岩全岩Sc含量为47.0×10^(-6)~97.9×10^(-6),平均含量为69.1×10^(-6),钪氧化物(Sc_(2)O_(3))平均含量为106×10^(-6),变质玄武岩空间Sc矿化特征稳定,具有形成钪矿资源的潜力。同时,变质玄武岩共伴生有钛和铁矿化,全岩TiO_(2)含量为2.57×10^(-2)~6.13×10^(-2),平均为4.25×10^(-2);TFe含量为13.3×10^(-2)~23.7×10^(-2),平均为17.7×10^(-2)。Sc可能存在类质同象和离子相两种赋存形式,类质同象形式Sc主要赋存于钛铁矿和金红石矿物中,钛铁矿中Sc含量为70.0×10^(-6)~168×10^(-6),平均值为108×10^(-6);金红石中Sc含量高达297×10^(-6);而磁铁矿、黑云母等矿物中Sc含量较低,均低于全岩Sc含量,对全岩Sc矿化贡献较小。牟定大弯山Sc矿化与以往报道侵入岩及其风化壳中Sc矿化在富集特征、赋存岩性和载体矿物等方面不同,是变质火山岩中新发现的Sc矿化信息,显示了较好的找矿潜力,对Sc资源勘查和研究具有重要指示意义。  相似文献   
3.
Affected by climate change and policy factors, Kazakhstan is the country with the most severe ecological degradation and grassland conflicts in Central Asia. Therefore, studying the state of grassland carrying resources in Kazakhstan is particularly important for understanding the responses of grassland ecosystems to climate change and human activities. Based on Kazakhstan's remote sensing data and animal husbandry statistics, this study analyzes the patterns of changes in grassland ecosystems in Kazakhstan based on the supply and consumption of these ecosystems. The results show that: 1) From 2003 to 2017, the number of livestock raised in Kazakhstan showed a trend of sustained and steady growth. Due to freezing damage, the scale of livestock farming decreased in 2011, but a spatial difference in the livestock farming structure was not obvious. 2) The fluctuation of grassland supply in Kazakhstan has increased, while the consumption due to animal husbandry has also continued to increase, resulting in an increasing pressure on the grassland carrying capacity. 3) Between 2003 and 2017, the overall grassland carrying status of Kazakhstan have been abundant, but the grassland carrying pressure index has shown a steadily increasing trend, the grassland carrying pressure is growing, and it is mainly determined by grassland productivity. The greater pressure in lower Kyzylorda state, the southern Kazakhstan state of the cultivated land and the northern Kazakhstan state has gradually expanded to include the agro-pastoral zone and the semi-desert zone.  相似文献   
4.
Beyond the Amazonian cities, distinct spatial units arranged in networks compose an extended urban space, usually invisible to government agencies and public polities. This article empirically reveals this space by studying the localities’ characteristics and connections. In southwestern Pará, Brazil, 236 communities were sampled using field expeditions. Variables related to the locality organization, history, health and education services, urban infrastructure, and land use were explored in a fuzzy cluster analysis. Local production and consumption flows were considered in the locality network analysis. The fuzzy analysis allowed identifying a hierarchy of localities for which the geographical location influences the spatial distribution patterns of five groups. On the other hand, consumption and production networks identified different locality's articulations, with persistent dependence on cities. These results characterize extensive urbanization at the local level and highlights the participation of the local populations configuring the Amazonian territory.  相似文献   
5.
为了掌握快速路瓶颈路段异质交通流的演变规律,以缓解交通拥堵,本文以快速路上匝道瓶颈路段为研究对象,构建了考虑安全距离的改进NaSch上匝道模型,利用数值仿真,对不同场景交通流演化过程进行系统性研究。仿真结果显示:在不同条件下,异质交通流中自动驾驶车辆比例的增加对瓶颈路段交通运营状态影响结果各异。在自由流阶段,自动驾驶车辆比例的增加对快速路瓶颈路段运营通行能力的增加无显著影响,自动驾驶车辆比例取0.9时,瓶颈路段运营通行能力反而降低了2.48%;在交通拥堵状态下,当异质交通流中自动驾驶车辆比例达到0.7及以上时,才有助于交通拥堵的消散,且其临界值随交通拥堵状态程度的提高而增大;当交通密度达到100 veh/km以上时,自动驾驶车辆比例的增加无法实质性改善瓶颈路段交通拥堵状态。研究结果可为异质交通流环境下的快速路上匝道瓶颈路段的治堵策略提供理论依据。  相似文献   
6.
蒙其古尔铀矿床为伊犁盆地南缘大型层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床,为查明该矿床含矿层中黄铁矿成因及其形成机制,探讨微生物参与铀成矿过程。文章对含矿层砂岩中黄铁矿与铀矿物矿物学特征、黄铁矿S同位素与碳酸盐胶结物的C-O同位素开展细致研究。研究表明:①蒙其古尔铀矿床中铀主要以铀矿物与吸附铀形式存在,吸附铀主要为有机质吸附铀,铀矿物以沥青铀矿为主,多与黄铁矿、炭屑共生;②蒙其古尔铀矿床含矿层砂岩中黄铁矿主要以自形晶、草莓状和不规则状集合体产出,多与沥青铀矿、碳酸盐胶结物共生,其中黄铁矿S同位素(δ~(34)S_(V-CDT)=-68.4‰~22.1‰)与碳酸盐胶结物的C-O同位素(δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=-10.2‰~-7.4‰,δ~(18)O_(V-PDB)=-9.6‰~-5.8‰)分析表明黄铁矿具有细菌硫酸盐还原(BSR)与有机物热解2种成因,并探讨了这2种不同成因黄铁矿的形成机制。③结合前人研究成果,认为硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)参与蒙其古尔铀矿床铀成矿过程,以间接还原方式为主,在有机质、黏土矿物与颗粒表面吸附U(Ⅵ)的基础上,通过硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)还原SO_4~(2-)产生的H_2S将U(Ⅵ)被还原成U(Ⅳ),形成铀矿物。  相似文献   
7.
The effects of wind-driven rain (WDR) on sand detachment were studied under various raindrop obliquities. Results suggested a significant reduction in compressive stress on sand surfaces for a two-dimensional experimental set-up in a wind tunnel. During experiments, sand particles in splash cups were exposed to both wind-free rain (WFR) and WDR driven by horizontal winds of 6.4, 8.9 and 12.8 m s−1 and rainfall intensities of 50, 60, 75 and 90-mm h−1 to assess the sand detachment rate (D, in g m−2 s−1). The effects of sand moisture state (dry and wet) on the detachment of different-sized particles (0.20–0.50 and 0.50–2.00 mm, respectively) were also tested. Factorial analysis of variance showed that shear and compressive stress components evaluated by horizontal and vertical kinetic energy flux terms (KEx and KEy, respectively, in J m−2 s−1) along with their vector sum (KEr, in J m−2 s−1) explained the variation in D. Neither sand size nor sand moisture was statistically significant alone although binary interactions of KEr, KEx and KEy with the sand size and three-way interaction of KEx, sand size and moisture were statistically significant. These results can be explained by size-dependent variation in sand compressibility and surface friction related to the total stress field developed by a given partition of shear and compressive stresses of wind-driven oblique raindrops (KEx/KEy). Further analysis of the variation of the unit sand detachment rate (Du = D/KEr = g J−1) with rain inclination (α, in degrees) better revealed the effect of WDR obliquity on Du that further changed with sand size class and moisture state. Finally, the difference in the resulting stress field differentiable by the oblique raindrop trajectories of the experiment over sand surface significantly affected the non-cohesive particle detachment rates, to some extent interacted with size-dependent compressibility and interface shear strength of sand grains.  相似文献   
8.
为揭示"鱼-藻"和"鱼-虾-藻"混养对异枝江蓠(Gracilaria bailinae)生长性能、表面附生细菌群落和抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)的影响,阐明异枝江蓠表面附生细菌群落与生长性能、ARGs之间的关系,利用16S rDNA高通量测序技术和Real-time qPCR技术分析了异枝江蓠表面附生细菌群落和ARGs的组成与差异,冗余分析(RDA)探讨细菌群落与生长性能、ARGs之间的关联。结果表明:(1)"鱼-虾-藻"混养会促进异枝江蓠的生长性能,增加表面附生细菌群落的多样性。(2)异枝江蓠表面附生细菌群落主要属于变形菌门、蓝藻门、浮霉菌门和拟杆菌门,不同混养方式中优势菌属组成不同,"鱼-虾-藻"混养优势菌属多样性较高。(3)"鱼-虾-藻"混养的异枝江蓠ARGs/MGEs的相对丰度大多高于"鱼-藻"混养。(4)RDA分析表明,生长性能主要与Ralstonia、Blastopirellula等显著相关,ARGs/MGEs主要与Nitrosomonas、Alteromonas、Pleurocapsa;CC-7319等显著相关。"鱼-虾-藻"混养能够增强异枝江蓠的生长性能,提高异枝江蓠表面附生细菌群落的多样性。但"鱼-虾-藻"混养能够增加异枝江蓠ARGs/MGEs的相对丰度,存在一定的生态风险。因此,在注重经济效益的同时也要关注可能存在的对人类健康的危害。研究结果将有助于海水养殖环境的优化,为大型海藻在海水养殖业中的应用与推广提供理论基础。  相似文献   
9.
青藏铁路多年冻土区含融化夹层路基的热状态   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
基于青藏铁路K1496+750监测断面含融化夹层路基长达10 a的地温监测数据,分析了在气候转暖及工程活动下天然场地及路基左右路肩下多年冻土热状态年变化过程、融化夹层的年变化过程及其对多年冻土热状态的影响。结果表明:监测断面天然场地、左右路肩下多年冻土上限逐年下降,热稳定性逐年降低;观测期内,左路肩下发育有融化夹层,融化夹层厚度在波动中呈增厚趋势,且其增厚主要是由多年冻土人为上限下降所致,而天然场地及右路肩下未发育融化夹层;多年冻土上限附近土体热积累显著,进而导致多年冻土上限逐年下降及其附近土体温度逐年升高,弱化了多年冻土的热稳定性;后期增加的块石护坡和热管两种具有“主动冷却”效能的工程补强措施很好的改善了路基的热稳定性,右路肩经工程补强措施后,多年冻土人为上限得到显著抬升,热稳定性得到显著改善,而左路肩由于融化夹层的存在,工程补强措施仅仅维持了当前多年冻土热状态,融化夹层的存在一定程度上弱化了工程补强措施所产生的冷却效能。  相似文献   
10.
Sami Moisio 《Urban geography》2018,39(9):1421-1424
This article suggests that the developments during the past few decades indicate a qualitative shift in the city/state relation, and conceptualizes this shift as the geopolitical growth of cities and city-regions. Originally a state-orchestrated process, today this is manifested in the attempts of major cities and city-regions, in particular, to demand a stronger national and international political role even as claims are made for urban separatism. This process is connected to a geopolitical reasoning of the heightened role of cities in inter-state competition during the age of post-Fordist capitalism. Furthermore, the geopolitical growth of cities and city-regions is partly constituted in academic theories and expert knowledges that combine certain type of urbanism, economic growth, and political success, and which in so doing destabilize state-centered geopolitical imaginations.  相似文献   
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