Local meteoric water lines describe extratropical precipitation     

Devin F. Smith  Elsa Saelens  Deborah L. Leslie  Anne E. Carey 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14059

Stable water isotopes δ¹⁸O and δ²H are used to investigate precipitation trends and storm dynamics to advance knowledge of precipitation patterns in a warming world. Herein, δ¹⁸O and δ²H were used to determine the relationship between extratropical cyclonic precipitation and local meteoric water lines (LMWLs) in the eastern Ohio Valley and the eastern United States. Precipitation volume weighted and unweighted central Ohio LMWLs, created with samples collected during 2012–2018, showed that temperature had the greatest effect on precipitation isotopic composition. HYSPLIT back trajectory modelling showed that precipitation was primarily derived from a mid-continental moisture source. Remnants of major hurricanes were collected as extratropical precipitation during the 2012–2018 sampling period in central Ohio. Extratropical precipitation samples were not significantly different from the samples that created the central Ohio LMWL. Six additional LMWLs were derived from United States Geological Survey (USGS) Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN) samples collected in Pennsylvania, Delaware, Tennessee, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Oxford, Ohio. Meteoric water lines describing published samples from Superstorm Sandy, plotted with these AIRMoN LMWLs, showed isotopic composition of Superstorm Sandy precipitation was commonly more depleted than the average isotopic composition at the mid-latitude locations. Meteoric water lines describing the Superstorm Sandy precipitation were not significantly different in slope from LMWLs generated within 300 km of the USGS AIRMoN site. This finding, which was observed across the eastern Ohio Valley and eastern United States, demonstrated a consistent precipitation δ²H–δ¹⁸O relationship for extratropical cyclonic and non-cyclonic events. This work also facilitates the analysis of storm development based on the relationship between extratropical event signature and the LMWL. Analysis of extratropical precipitation in relation to LMWLs along storm tracks allows for stronger development of precipitation models and understanding of which climatic and atmospheric factors determine the isotopic composition of precipitation.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the temporal variations of groundwater storage and its interactions with climatic variables using GRACE data and hydrological models: A study from Turkey     

Behnam Khorrami  Orhan Gunduz 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14076

Monitoring of the fluctuations of groundwater storage is particularly important in arid and semi-arid regions where water scarcity brings about various challenges. Remote sensing data and techniques play a preponderant role in developing solutions to environmental problems. The launch of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites has eased the remote monitoring and evaluation of groundwater resources with an unprecedented precision over large scales. Within the scope of the current study, the latest release (RL06) of GRACE mass concentrations (Mascons) from Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) dataset as well as Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) models of Noah and Catchment Land Surface Model (CLSM) were used to provide Groundwater Storage Anomalies (GWSA) over Turkey. The temporal interactions of the estimated GWSA with the climatic variables of precipitation and temperature (derived from the reanalysis datasets of CHELSA [Climatologies at High resolution for the Earth's Land Surface Areas] and FLDAS [the Famine Early Warning Systems Network Land Data Assimilation System], respectively) were investigated statistically. The results suggest that there is a descending trend (from 2003 to 2016) for Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies (TWSA) and GWSA over Turkey with a total loss of 11 and 6 cm of water, respectively. The statistical analysis results also indicate that the monthly variations of GWSA over Turkey are highly correlated with precipitation and temperature at 2-month lag. The analysis of the climatology (long-term) values of monthly GWSA, precipitation and temperature also revealed high agreement between the variables.  相似文献   

西藏羌北高原多格错仁盐湖中更新世晚期以来的环境演化记录     

李金锁  刘喜方  牛新生  商斌  李国臣 《地质学报》2020,94(10):3130-3143

通过对西藏藏北高原多格错仁盐湖湖岸3101cm高度剖面进行地形地貌、地层沉积特征、矿物学特征及粒度、频率磁化率等气候环境变化指标的分析研究发现，整个剖面反映出大致6个较大的气候变化过程：233. 3kaBP～223. 5kaBP气候波动较大，总体趋势气候趋于干冷，期间出现过两次较温暖气候，之后气候逐渐变冷；在223. 5kaBP～213. 6kaBP总体变化为气温大幅度上升，但在期间有一次较大的相对冷干过程；213. 6kaBP～170kaBP之间总体变化气候趋于变冷，中间有2次明显的气候变暖湿过程及两次冷干过程；170kaBP～117. 1kaBP气候转为明显湿热；117. 1kaBP～75. 6kaBP气候变化趋势明显降低；75. 6kaBP～56. 7kaBP气候又明显上升达到湿热状态。以上气候波动规律与极地冰芯记录及深海氧同位素记录的古气候波动规律有很好的一致性，同时本盐湖区与柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖区的CH0310钻孔及青海湖南岸二郎剑阶地的 QH 86钻孔所揭示的中更新世晚期以来的气候变化的分析对比，发现西藏羌北的多格错仁盐湖区与青海的察尔汗盐湖区及青海湖湖区在更新世中晚期以来的气候环境变迁存在极好的可比性，说明青藏高原的气候演化在中晚更新世以来基本具有一致性，在时间上的微小超前与滞后具有区域上的细微变化，说明气候变迁在不同的区域又具有各自的独特性。  相似文献   

内蒙古干湿环境演变与地区生态建设优势气候背景分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

代海燕  李丹  娜日苏  陈素华  都瓦拉 《干旱区地理》2019,42(4):745-752

通过内蒙古地区近46 a降水和潜在蒸散量以及湿润度在气温突变前后的倾向率和差值变化分析，得出该区域主要植被类型干湿环境演变的时空变化特征。研究结果表明：降水在气温突变前“东增西减”，突变后呈相反的变化趋势。46 a降水倾向率增加区域主要集中在呼伦贝尔市东部和乌兰察布市以西大部地区；潜在蒸散量在气温突变前呈减少趋势，突变后有增加趋势，突变后潜在蒸散量明显小于突变前。内蒙古46 a潜在蒸散量倾向率大部地区偏小，偏大区域仅存在于中东部偏北地区，气温突变后全区大部地区存在明显的“蒸发悖论”；大兴安岭西麓和乌兰察布市以西地区突变后湿润度增加明显，暖湿的气候环境有利于当地植被建设和生态恢复，内蒙古东南部、呼伦贝尔草原和锡林郭勒盟草原区有暖干化趋势，上述草原区存在潜在退化风险。  相似文献   

The impact of rural land management changes on soil hydraulic properties and runoff processes: results from experimental plots in upland UK          下载免费PDF全文

M. R. Marshall  C. E. Ballard  Z. L. Frogbrook  I. Solloway  B. Reynolds  H. S. Wheater 《水文研究》2014,28(4):2617-2629

To develop an evidence base to help predict the impacts of land management change on flood generation, four experimental sites were established on improved grassland used for sheep grazing at the Pontbren catchment in upland Wales, UK. At each site, three plots were established where surface runoff was measured, supplemented by measurements of soil infiltration rates and soil and vegetation physical properties. Following baseline monitoring, treatments were applied to two of the plots: exclusion of sheep (ungrazed) and exclusion of sheep and planting with native broadleaf tree species (tree planted), with the third plot acting as a control (grazed pasture). Due to a particularly dry summer that occurred pre‐treatment, the soil hydrological responses were initially impacted by the effects of the climate on soil structure. Nevertheless, treatments did have a clear influence on soil hydrological response. On average, post‐treatment runoff volumes were reduced by 48% and 78% in ungrazed and tree‐planted plots relative to the control, although all results varied greatly over the sites. Five years following treatment application, near‐surface soil bulk density was reduced and median soil infiltration rates were 67 times greater in plots planted with trees compared to grazed pasture. The results illustrate the potential use of upland land management for ameliorating local‐scale flood generation but emphasise the need for long‐term monitoring to more clearly separate the effects of land management from those of climatic variability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

OCEANOGRAPHY & MARINE GEOLOGY     

《Abstract of Chinese Geological Literature》2014,(3)

正20141271Chang Fengming(Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China);Li Tiegang Progress in the Paleoceanography of the Western Pacific Warm Pool:A Review(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(8),2013,p.847-858,3 illus.,108 refs.)Key words:paleooceanography,West Pacific  相似文献   

Responses of Soil Bacterial Communities to Conyza canadensis Invasion with Different Cover Classes Along a Climatic Gradient          下载免费PDF全文

Congyan Wang  Kun Jiang  Jiawei Zhou  Hongguang Xiao  Lei Wang 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(8)

  相似文献   

亚洲热带气候态夏季风涌传播特征及其对中国降水的影响          下载免费PDF全文

任菊章  郑彬  金燕  琚建华 《热带气象学报》2022,38(2):171-179

基于1979—2020年逐日的NOAA向外长波辐射资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析风场资料,以及全球CMAP再分析降水资料,探讨了气候态亚洲热带夏季风涌的传播过程及与我国夏季相应的降水联系。分析结果表明,主汛期亚洲热带气候态夏季风季节内振荡(CISO)活动是亚洲夏季风活动的主要特征,随时间北传的亚洲热带夏季风CISO称为亚洲热带夏季风涌,主要有南亚夏季风涌和南海夏季风涌。亚洲热带夏季风涌的传播可分为四个阶段。在亚洲热带夏季风涌的发展阶段,印度洋区域低频气旋与对流活跃,孟加拉湾和南海热带区域被低频东风控制,我国大部分地区无降水发生,降水中心位于两广地区。当进入亚洲热带夏季风涌活跃阶段,孟加拉湾和南海热带地区低频气旋和对流活跃,东亚低频“PJ”波列显著,我国降水中心北移到长江以南的附近区域。亚洲热带夏季风涌减弱阶段,孟加拉湾与南海低频气旋消亡,对流减弱,低频西风加强,日本南部附近为低频反气旋控制,我国长江中下游低频南风活跃,降水中心也北移到长江中下游地区,而华南地区已基本无降水,此阶段的大气低频环流场与亚洲热带夏季风涌发展阶段基本相反。进入亚洲热带夏季风涌间歇阶段时,孟加拉湾和南海热带地区低频反气旋活跃,对流不显著,日本南部附近的低频反气旋北移减弱,我国东部基本在低频南风的控制下,降水中心也逐步北移到华北-朝鲜半岛一带,此时的大气低频环流场与亚洲季风涌活跃阶段基本相反。   相似文献   

GPS掩星气压的评估及质量控制          下载免费PDF全文

程凯琪  郭启云  杨荣康  李昌兴 《大气科学学报》2021,44(4):529-539

以探空数据为参考,将2014年1月1日—12月31日的COSMIC掩星气压作为GPS掩星试验样本,将中国区域划分为4个气候区,从双权重平均值、双权重标准差及相关系数角度对GPS掩星气压进行评估,并根据其统计结果进行质量控制。结果显示:双权重平均值和双权重标准差相较传统方法统计出的平均值和标准差更不易受异常数据的影响,评估结果更加准确。4个气候区之间气压的双权重平均值差异较小;双权重标准差在亚热带季风气候区的数值较小(小于6 hPa)、在温带季风气候区较大(最大可达15 hPa)。以探空数据为参考,气压偏差的统计表明,亚热带季风气候区从低层到高层都为正偏差(0.8 hPa左右),其他三个气候区在6 km以下多为负偏差、6 km以上为正偏差(0.5 hPa左右)。根据相关系数的统计,将相关系数确定为0.80,并根据各气候区不同的统计结果划分阈值区间;质量控制结果显示,错误点大多分布在GPS掩星气压与探空气压相差较大的区域,两步质量控制的错误数据百分比大部分在5%以内;对比质量控制前后GPS掩星气压与探空气压之间的相关系数表明,质量控制后两者的相关性得到明显改善。  相似文献   

遵义市袋栽黑木耳最佳栽培期气候条件分析_^*          下载免费PDF全文

谭昊  敖芹  刘红双  古书鸿  谷晓平  崔成 《中低纬山地气象》2021,45(6):79-84

为了找出黑木耳在遵义的最佳栽培期,2019年笔者在遵义市气象观测站开展试验,收集并整理黑木耳生长期内逐日气象资料,结合试验数据综合分析,结果显示：（1）平均气温在20℃左右时,对木耳品质形成较为有利,候平均气温＜5℃或≥30℃时不适宜黑木耳生长。（2）除盛夏和初秋相对湿度较低外,其余大部分时段均能满足木耳自然生长,少部分时段需适当浇水。（3）3月至10月候日照时数普遍在10小时以上,适宜黑木耳生长,其中4月4候至9月4候为最适宜期。（4）遵义立体气候特征明显,海拔高度不同木耳适宜生长期时段不同,大部分地区海拔普遍在600～1100米之间,黑木耳生长最佳适宜期为4月3候至6月6候、8月6候至10月5候。  相似文献