袭港热带气旋持续时间长期频率分析     

陶山山  宋佳玲  廖振焜  董胜 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(2):135-141

香港经常受到西北太平洋热带气旋的影响,对该地区热带气旋持续时间的研究有助于经济社会的稳定发展。按照气象和天文台警告信号,热带气旋分为不同的强度等级。建立热带气旋持续时间的Poisson-Weibull复合分布模型,相应获得持续时间重现值的求解公式,分别用于不同热带气旋分类下持续时间多年一遇重现值的计算中。基于1987-2016年袭港热带气旋数据的分析结果表明,Poisson-Weibull分布适用于不同的持续时间分类样本;强的热带气旋经常会伴随较长的持续时间,这将会对该地区造成更为严重的破坏,这可为防灾减灾提供参考。  相似文献   

气袋采样法对还原硫化物测定的影响因素分析及机理研究     

孟洁  翟增秀  刘英会  张君  韩萌 《岩矿测试》2019,38(2):179-185

还原硫化物是一Z类典型的恶臭物质,其特点是活性高、不易储存,因此适宜的储存条件对还原硫化物的准确测定具有重要意义。本文使用气相色谱-质谱联用技术,从气袋材质、还原硫化物初始浓度、还原硫化物性质和储存时间四个因素探究袋采样法储存还原硫化物过程的损失情况。以Tedlar~? PVF和Teflon~? FEP为目标采样袋,使用5个初始浓度(0. 001、0. 010、0. 100、1. 000和10. 000μg/m L)的混合还原硫化物,选择0、2、6、12、24、48以及72h的储存时间,以响应因子和相对回收率作为评价因子,并使用配对t检验法和吸附动力学,研究影响储存效果的主要因素、物质损失机理以及两种采样袋的储存能力。结果表明,储存时间越长、物质初始浓度越高,物质活性越强,损失情况越严重;在环境温度达到60℃时,Tedlar~? PVF的基质背景较Teflon~? FEP更复杂;相同条件下,还原硫化物在Teflon~? FEP储存过程中损失更严重。依据研究结果建议:(1)样品采集后避光保存;(2)低浓度含硫样品的测定在采样后8h内完成,高浓度含硫样品的测定在2h内完成;(3)若待测样品气体温度较高,优先选择Teflon~? FEP采样袋,气体温度较低条件下选择Tedlar~? PVF采样袋,可最大限度保持样品的原始状态。本研究成果有利于确保还原硫化物样品的储存稳定性,最大限度还原恶臭污染现场情况,为恶臭污染的分析测试以及后续的恶臭污染控制与治理提供技术支持。  相似文献   

Late Holocene changes in vegetation and atmospheric circulation at Lake Uddelermeer (The Netherlands) reconstructed using lipid biomarkers and compound‐specific δD analysis          下载免费PDF全文

《第四纪科学杂志》2018,33(1):100-111

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Terrestrial discharge influences microbioerosion and microbioeroder community structure in coral reefs     

SA Mwachireya  M Carreiro-Silva  BE Hartwick  TR McClanahan 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):25-42

Microbioerosion rates and microbioeroder community structure were studied in four Kenyan protected coral-reef lagoons using shell fragments of Tridacna giant clams to determine their response to the influence of terrestrial run-off. Fourteen different microbioeroder traces from seven cyanobacteria, three green algae and four fungi species were identified. The river discharge-impacted reef and ‘pristine’ reef showed similar composition but higher microbioeroder abundance and total cyanobacteria- and chlorophyte-bioeroded areas when compared with the other study reefs. Cyanobacteria dominated during the north-east monsoon (NEM) relative to the south-east monsoon (SEM) season, with algae and cyanobacteria being major microbioeroders in the river-impacted and pristine reefs. The rate of microbioerosion varied between 4.3 g CaCO3 m^?2 y^?1 (SEM) and 134.7 g CaCO₃ m^?2 y^?1 (NEM), and was highest in the river-impacted reef (127.6 g CaCO₃ m^?2 y^?1), which was almost double that in the pristine reef (69.5 g CaCO₃ m^?2 y^?1) and the mangrove-fringed reef (56.2 g CaCO₃ m^?2 y^?1). The microbioerosion rates measured in this study may not be high enough to cause concern with regard to the health and net carbonate production of Kenya’s coral reefs. Nevertheless, predicted increases in the frequency and severity of stresses related to global climate change (e.g. increased sea surface temperature, acidification), as well as interactions with local disturbances and their influence on bioerosion, may be increasingly important in the future.  相似文献   

Meio-epifaunal wood colonization in the vicinity of methane seeps     

Adriana Gracia C.  Lisa A. Levin  Sven Zea 《Marine Ecology》2020,41(1):e12573

In deep-sea environments, plant remains of several origins are found, including branches, twigs, leaves, and wood pieces, among others. As most of the deep-sea bottoms are oligotrophic and nutrient-limited, plant remains provide an oasis of localized organic enrichment and a substrate for colonization. Sunken wood was suggested to play an important evolutionary role in the diversification of chemosynthetic ecosystems, possibly representing stepping stones for the colonization between vent and seep ecosystems. In order to understand colonization processes of the Pacific Costa Rican meio-epifaunal assemblages associated with sunken wood, a field experiment was conducted on Mound 12 (8°55.778′N, 84°18.730′W) at ~1,000 m water depth. Woodblocks were placed in four different habitats (Mussel beds, tube worms, near mussel beds, rubble bottoms), and different local environmental conditions (seepage-active and seepage-inactive sites). Seven experimental Douglas fir woodblocks (each 1,047 cm² in surface area) were deployed from the R/V Atlantis using the manned submersible Alvin in February 2009 and recovered after 10.5 months in January 2010. Sample processing and analyses led to a data set of abundance (total 9,951 individuals) and spatial distribution of nine meio-epifaunal higher taxa/groups. Meio-epifaunal densities on individual woodblocks ranged from 3 to 26 ind.10 cm². Copepods accounted for the highest abundances (75.1%), followed by nauplii larvae (11.7%) and nematodes (9.8%). The maximum number of individuals (26.3 ind.10 cm⁻²) was found in blocks placed in seepage-inactive areas (near active mussel beds) in contrast to 2.9 ind.10 cm⁻² in active areas (within a mussel bed). A hierarchical cluster analysis grouped blocks according to seepage activity and not to habitat, but tests of similarity showed no significant differences in higher taxon composition and abundances, probably owing either to substrate homogeneity or low sample size. Copepods were the most abundant representatives, suggesting that this group is one of the most successful in colonizing in the early stage of succession, in this case while hardwood substrates are not yet decomposed or bored by bivalves.  相似文献   

关于复合型极端事件的新认识和启示          下载免费PDF全文

余荣  翟盘茂 《大气科学学报》2021,44(5):645-649

近年来,极端天气气候事件频繁发生,且常常表现为多种事件交织形成的复合型极端事件。为了更好地认识复合型极端事件,IPCC AR6基于现有的新证据评估了复合型极端事件的最新研究成果,并取得一些新认识：扩展了有关复合型极端事件的定义,重点围绕高温干旱复合型极端事件、复合洪水和野火,评估了复合型极端事件的变化特征,探讨了复合型极端事件多因子之间的依赖性,对人类活动的影响进行了归因分析并给出了未来可能的变化。这些评估结果丰富了对复合型极端事件的基本认识。但根据现有的评估可以发现,目前在复合型极端事件发生发展机理认识方面还存在不足;同时,未来仍需进一步完善跨学科跨部门跨区域研究,加强对复合型极端事件形成机理、预估及其对生态系统,经济社会影响风险的评估,提高对区域气候变化的适应能力。  相似文献   

辽西金羊盆地北票组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征及意义     

孙求实  张坤  李永飞  郜晓勇  孙守亮  张涛  宗文明  孙鹏 《地质与资源》2018,27(1):69-76

采用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱技术,研究了辽西金羊盆地北票组烃源岩的生物标志化合物特征,剖析其蕴含的有机质生源、沉积环境、有机质热演化程度等信息.金羊盆地北票组烃源岩样品的正构烷烃的正构烷烃分布图（m/z 85）峰型以"前峰型"的单峰态分布为主,表现出成熟源岩的分布特征;甾烷C₂₉-αββ/（ααα+αββ）值介于0.35~0.58之间,平均为0.50,表明金羊盆地北票组绝大多数烃源岩处于成熟阶段,部分已达生油高峰或高成熟阶段.Pr/Ph值主要介于1.0~3.0之间,表现出弱的姥鲛烷优势;Pr/nC₁₇-Ph/nC₁₈交汇图判识北票组烃源岩以Ⅲ型为主,三环萜烷呈C₂₀为主峰的正态分布,整体表现C₂₄四环二萜含量很高,C₂₄四环二萜/C₂₆三环萜烷比值基本都大于1,SZK01、SZK03井烃源岩的三环萜烷/藿烷比值都低于0.4,烃源岩伽马蜡烷指数分布在0.02~0.30之间,平均值为0.12,说明金羊盆地北票组烃源岩形成于偏氧化性的微咸水-淡水的浅水沉积环境,为典型高等植物输入的沉积相带.  相似文献   

复合动力钻进工艺在干热岩钻井中的应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

谭现锋  马哲民  段隆臣  刘肖  李颖  郭明义 《探矿工程》2021,48(7):1-8

2011年山东省地矿局在山东省利津县实施了国内第一个干热岩调查评价项目,采用转盘回转钻进,但钻效低、能耗高。为提高在高温硬岩条件下的钻进效率、缩短钻井周期、降低生产成本,2015年在福建省漳州市实施的中国地质调查局东南沿海深部地热HDR-1干热岩科学钻探工程井（井深4000.86 m,孔底温度109 ℃）和2017年在青海省共和县完成的GR1干热岩科学勘探井（井深3705 m,孔底温度236 ℃）,在施工中均探索使用了“转盘+螺杆钻具”复合钻进工艺,并在高温取心段首次测试应用了“转盘+涡轮钻具”复合取心钻进工艺,取得了良好的效果并就下一步研究方向提出了意见和建议,为螺杆钻具和涡轮钻具的深入研究提供了宝贵的高温施工经验,也将为我国干热岩科学钻探与深部地热资源勘探提供新的技术支撑。  相似文献   

护坡桩+微型钢管桩复合土钉墙联合支护体系研究应用          下载免费PDF全文

孙剑  范民浩  李鑫 《探矿工程》2021,48(10):116-124

本文提出了一种新的联合支护体系——护坡桩+微型钢管桩复合土钉墙支护体系,成功解决了基坑周边无放坡空间需垂直开挖、基坑深度大、要求位移小、支护费用高等技术难题,做到了施工便利,对控制边坡位移变形、增强边坡整体稳定性、保证在基坑开挖工程中不发生对周围环境的影响具有良好的作用。采用这种支护方式对北京一工程进行设计施工探讨,经工后监测效果良好,大大地提高了边坡的安全稳定性,从而验证了这一支护形式的可行性,其在深基坑支护中具有常规土钉墙和护坡桩无法相比的技术与经济优势,可供其他类似工程参考,具有较高的适用推广价值。  相似文献   

辽宁北部秀水盆地秀D1井下白垩统义县组烃源岩生物标志化合物特征及意义     

李晓海  孙求实  李文博  丁秋红  陈树旺  张健  何大祥 《地质与资源》2021,30(6):690-697

应用气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱技术,研究了秀水盆地秀D1井下白垩统义县组烃源岩的生物标志化合物特征,对烃源岩有机质来源、沉积环境、热演化程度等进行了分析.结果表明,秀水盆地秀D1井下白垩统义县组烃源岩有机质丰度高,有机质类型为Ⅱ型,处于成熟演化阶段;（C₂₀+C₂₁）/（C₂₃+C₂₄）三环萜烷为0.66~5.06,C₂₄四环萜烷/C₂₆三环萜烷为0.38~2.25,具有典型湖相烃源岩特征;烃源岩Pr/Ph主要介于0.5~1.0之间,指示还原环境;伽马蜡烷/C30藿烷比值为0.05~0.41之间,指示处于强还原性沉积环境,并且烃源岩沉积时水体的盐度较低以及可能存在水体盐度分层;Pr/nC₁₇、Ph/nC₁₈关系表明有机质类型主要为Ⅱ₁型,C₂₇-C₂₈-C₂₉甾烷的相互关系反映有机质来源应为低等水生生物和陆生高等植物的混合来源;Ts/Tm比值为0.45~1.82,C₃₁αβ22S/（22S+22R）比值为0.41~0.62,表明烃源岩处于低成熟-成熟演化阶段,并且具有义县组中、下部烃源岩成熟度较义县组上部高的特点.综合认为秀水盆地早白垩世义县组烃源岩形成于水体盐度较低的还原-强还原环境,有机质来源为混合来源,有利于有机质的富集,义县组具有较好的油气勘探前景.  相似文献