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1.
流态模拟实验作为评价人工净化湿地系统运行状况、物质在其中停留时间的有效工具,在污水处理领域具有重要作用。罗丹明B背景浓度低、重现性好,被选为评价升流式、降流式和填料层高度对水力流态影响的示踪剂。实验使用罗丹明B和NaCl作为示踪剂,在湿地系统中进行流态实验,探究升流式、降流式和填料层高度对人工净化湿地流态的影响。实验结果表明,升流式人工湿地比降流式人工湿地处理效果好,示踪剂水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)的体积利用率分别为82.0%和76.8%,升流式人工湿地无效体积中死区占更大比例,而降流式人工湿地滞留区占无效体积的比例更大;人工湿地填料层高度对示踪剂停留时间分布影响不大,体积利用率都在80%以上,但是,其死区和滞留区随着填料层高度的变化在无效体积中所占的比例有所差异,死区所占的比例随着填料层高度的增加先增加后减少,滞留区所占的比例则先减少后增加。 相似文献
2.
建立了一个数学模型来预测多氯联苯湿地生物降解过程。该模型全面考虑了多氯联苯湿地生物降解的各子过程,包括:吸附/解吸、土壤屏蔽、扩散和生物降解,利用模型,预测了多氯联苯湿地生物降解的规律性及处理时间、处理终点;利用Monte-Carlo法,进行了多氯联苯湿地生物降解污染风险分析,结果表明,在采用基地现有处理方式的情况下,经过8年处理,土壤中4-Cl-PCBs不低于69.4%被降解的可能性为75%,此时土壤中能够继续污染外部环境的4-Cl-PCBs部分不超过10.9%的可能性为75%;土壤中4-Cl-PCBs全部生物降解完毕所需处理时间不超过16.20年的可能性为75%,最后被土壤不可逆屏蔽的残余物不超过20.9%的可能性为75%。 相似文献
3.
利用海水人工湿地系统处理海水养殖外排水,分析了人工湿地对不同形态氮的净化效果,探讨了人工湿地表层基质酶活性变化及其对系统脱氮效果的影响。选取互花米草作为人工湿地植物,煤渣、珊瑚石和细砂作为人工湿地基质,实验期间连续进水,系统运行稳定。研究结果表明:海水人工湿地系统对氨氮(NH4-N)、亚硝态氮(NO2-N)、硝态氮(NO3-N)、总氮(TN)和可溶性有机氮(DON)去除效果显著,去除率分别为(99.6±0.7)%、(99.9±0.0)%、(98.2±2.0)%、(92.6±1.5)%和(86.1±4.8)%。人工湿地表层基质下行池脱氢酶、硝酸还原酶和脲酶的酶活性均高于上行池,下行池对污染物的去除效果更好。脱氢酶活性与海水人工湿地系统氨氮的去除有关;硝酸还原酶活性影响着海水人工湿地硝态氮的去除;脲酶活性与人工湿地总氮和硝态氮的去除存在明显相关趋势。下行池硝酸还原酶和脲酶的酶活性间具有显著相关性(r=0.76, P0.05)。人工湿地微生物种类丰富,下行池微生物多样性高于上行池,植物根部微生物多样性最高,提高了系统脱氮的效率。上述研究结果将有助于阐明海水人工湿地系统中不同形态氮的迁移转化机理。 相似文献
4.
人工湿地的构建与应用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
论述了人工湿地污水处理技术的机制和优势,阐述了人工湿地的构建和污水处理研究进展,表明人工湿地的污水处理效率与污染物的种类和污染程度、人工湿地的类型、湿地植物种类、基质类型、水力停留时间和水力负荷等密切相关。在中国,典型人工湿地有3种类型,分别为垂直流人工湿地、潜流式人工湿地和表面流人工湿地,主要用于处理来自化粪池、养殖场、造纸厂、油田、煤矿、富营养湖泊以及城市生活等的污水。构建人工湿地常用的植物有芦苇(Phragmites australis)、香蒲(Typha orientalis)、美人蕉(Canna indica)、眼子菜(Potam ogetonsp.)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)等,常见的基质成分为砾石、沸石、沙子、土壤或炉煤渣等。通过系统总结中国人工湿地在污水处理过程中的研究进展和应用实例,认为建立人工湿地去除污染物具有良好的应用前景,今后应该进一步加强人工湿地的基础理论研究,进一步推广人工湿地的应用。 相似文献
5.
SUN Guangzhi 《湿地科学》2010,8(2)
The removal of ammonia and phosphorus from an artificial wastewater was studied in two lab-scale reed beds.During batch and continuous operations,it was found that ammonia was removed from the wastewater via a two-step process,sorption inside bed matrices followed by nitrification into nitrite and nitrate.Rapid decrease in the concentration of ammonia in the artificial wastewater was observed during the batch operation,whereas during the continuous operation,which lasted for 39 days,the percentage removal of ammonia decreased gradually with time before stabilizing at around 20%.The efficiency of phosphorus removal exhausted rapidly during the continuous operation,from 39% on the first day of operation to virtually zero after only 5 days.The results suggest that sorption (which may include ion exchange,adsorption,and biomass assimilation) serves as an initial step to remove ammonia and phosphorus from the wastewater,prior to any microbial transformations. 相似文献
6.
ZHANGHu-Cheng YUMu-Qing TIANWei YUJian FUYou-Bao WANGXiao-Dong 《湿地科学》2004,2(4):309-313
Plenty of inorganic nitrogen in wastewater can cause the eutrophication in water bodies, so it is an important task to remove nitrogen. Purification role was realized by absorption, filtration, depositon, evaporation, nitrification and denitrification of microbes. Although the studies of Phragmites austrilis bed in the constructed wetland are popular, the purification performances of constructed wetland filled by saline-alkali soil substrate are less reported. In the paper, the purification efficiency of nitrogen with Phragmites austrilis bed in the constructed wetland filled by saline-alkali soil substrate was discussed through a simulation study. Results to date indicated that the first order plug flow model was adequate to describe the nitrogen removal. The experiment showed that the diminishing concentration of TN, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4-N were closely related to hydrological retention time (HRT), the correlation coefficient was R^2 = 0.98499, R^2 = 0.9911, R^2 = 0.89407 and R^2 = 0.95459, respectively. According to the data, the most suitable hydrological retention time (HRT) for this kind of constructed wetland should be determined to 4 days. In addition, the experiment showed the purification efficiency of nitrogen has very broad range and drastic vibration, TN( 17 % - 79 % ), NO2-N (33%-98% ), NO3-N (13%-93% ), NH4-N (28%-64% ). The study will promote wetland‘s design and operation procedures in large saline-alkallne soil areas. 相似文献
7.
人工湿地中植物的作用 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
近20 a来,人工湿地系统由于具有独特的净化机理和功能而越来越多地被用于处理生活污水、工业废水和农业污水。人工湿地系统之所以受到国际上广泛的关注,这是由于它具有低能耗,低成本,运行费用少和操作简便等优势。湿地植物在人工湿地中起着非常重要的作用,不但可以直接摄取和利用污水中的营养物质、吸收富集污水中的重金属等有毒有害物质;而且还能输送氧气到根区,提供根区微生物生长、繁殖和降解过程中对氧的需求。通过详细阐述植物对水中营养元素的吸收作用,说明了植物在人工湿地处理污水中的重要性,并提出了一些改进人工湿地处理污水能力的设想以及人工湿地系统水生植物有待进一步研究的问题,研究结果可以为进一步优化人工湿地系统的设计提供参考。 相似文献
8.
为了削减南淝河输入巢湖的污染物,建成南淝河旁路多级人工湿地水质净化示范工程,包括预处理系统、垂直潜流湿地系统和水平潜流湿地系统3个工艺单元.2014年3月至2015年2月对人工湿地各净化单元出水进行周年监测,分析各净化单元对污染物的去除效果,并探讨季节变化对去除效果的影响.结果显示,旁路多级人工湿地体现较高的去除效果.对高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))、总氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)和总磷(TP)的总去除率分别为70.9%、43.7%、43.5%和76.6%.COD_(Mn)和TP的平均出水浓度均优于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)中的Ⅳ类水标准,而NH_4~+-N的平均出水浓度优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A类标准.各净化单元对污染物的去除差异显著,COD_(Mn)的去除主要发生在预处理单元,其对COD_(Mn)削减的净化率为65.1%;TN、NH_4~+-N和TP的去除主要发生在垂直潜流湿地单元,其对TN、NH_4~+-N和TP削减的净化率分别为23.2%、27.1%和51.1%.不同季节,旁路多级人工湿地对污染物去除具有一定差异,对COD_(Mn)和TP的去除率均表现为夏季秋季春季冬季,对TN的去除率表现为秋季春季夏季冬季,对NH_4~+-N的去除率表现为秋季夏季春季冬季.最后,建议通过增加碳源和增大水力停留时间来进一步优化该工艺,以有效提高脱氮效果. 相似文献
9.
Constructed wetlands(CWs) were integrated into an indoor recirculating aquaculture system of obscure puffer(Takifugu obscurus) for effluent treatment. The effect of hydraulic loading rate(HLR) on the efficiency of effluent treatment by CWs was examined for over a month. The CWs were operated under brackish conditions(salinity 7.4–7.6) at 3 different HLRs(0.762, 0.633, and 0.458 m d–1) 3 times, 10 days each. Overall, the CWs exhibited high efficiency in removal of total ammonium nitrogen(by 81.03–92.81%) and nitrite nitrogen(by 99.40%–99.68%). The efficiency of CWs in removal of total ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorous, and total suspended solids(TSS) increased with the decrease of HLR. The CWs operated at the 3 HLRs in a decreasing trend proves to be effective, providing a useful method for effluent treatment in commercial puffer aquaculture systems. 相似文献
10.
Kim Youngchul Hwang Gilson Lee Jin-Woo Park Je-Chul Kim Dong-Sup Kang Min-Gi Chang In-Soung 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(4):345-350
In spite of the low temperature during the winter season and the high land environment, the wetland treatment system is gaining popularity in Korea because of its lower construction cost and simplicity in operation and maintenance. Many different types of wetland treatment systems have been built during the last 10 years, among which the free water surface wetland has been predominant. Most of the large-scale systems are government projects for improving the water quality of the streams flowing into the estuary dikes and reservoirs. The covering plants used in this system are different in different areas but cattails and reeds or their combinations are common. Constructed wetlands in Korea can be characterized by their shallow depths and short hydraulic residence times. There is no established flow pattern and configuration rules for constructing wetlands, but many efforts have been made with a view to improving their ecological function. Flow control is the most difficult problem in designing a riverbed or riparian wetland. There have been scores of flow rate control devices developed for wetlands, but none of them guarantee wetlands＇ safety against flooding. In earlier wetland construction, the building materials were mainly soil. Recently, strong and durable building materials such as rocks, gravel beds, concrete and steel are used at vulnerable places to protect them from erosion. Our investigation indicated that the wetland system would be an appropriate technology because it is not only cheaper to construct, but also requires less maintenance work. However, we suffer from the reduced effectiveness in performance during the winter. We need to evaluate the partial treatment accomplished during 6 to 7 months per year. 相似文献