Groundwater contaminant source identification based on iterative local update ensemble smoother          下载免费PDF全文

YANG Ai-lin  JIANG Si-min  LIU Jin-bing  JIANG Qian-yun  ZHOU Ting  ZHANG Wen 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(1):1-9

Identification of the location and intensity of groundwater pollution source contributes to the effect of pollution remediation, and is called groundwater contaminant source identifcation. This is a kind of typical groundwater inverse problem, and the solution is usually ill-posed. Especially considering the spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity field, the identification process is more challenging. In this paper, the solution framework of groundwater contaminant source identification is composed with groundwater pollutant transport model (MT3DMS) and a data assimilation method (Iterative local update ensemble smoother, ILUES). In addition, Karhunen-Loève expansion technique is adopted as a PCA method to realize dimension reduction. In practical problems, the geostatistical method is usually used to characterize the hydraulic conductivity feld, and only the contaminant source information is inversely calculated in the identifcation process. In this study, the identification of contaminant source information under Kriging K-field is compared with simultaneous identification of source information and K-field. The results indicate that it is necessary to carry out simultaneous identification under heterogeneous site, and ILUES has good performance in solving high-dimensional parameter inversion problems.  相似文献   

岩溶水硝酸盐污染原位修复试验     

叶进霞  夏春英  卜鸿志 《中国岩溶》2020,39(2):173-179

岩溶含水层的极不均一性特征使岩溶水溶质运移受构造、裂隙空间及其发育方向控制；因环境条件复杂，开展岩溶水污染原位修复技术难度较大，截止目前，国内尚未系统地开展岩溶含水层水污染原位修复研究工作。文章选择鲁中南山区典型岩溶发育及硝酸盐污染地段，施工组合钻孔建设修复试验工程，采用“乙醇+葡萄糖”液态碳源和“聚乙烯醇+淀粉颗粒”固态反应器分别进行岩溶水硝酸盐污染原位修复试验。结果表明:浓度500 mg?L－1、1 000 mg?L－1的“乙醇+葡萄糖”反硝化溶液对硝酸盐浓度的降解率分别为6.45 %和21.52 %；单位长度组成材料“聚乙烯醇3 kg+淀粉颗粒3 kg”、“聚乙烯醇2 kg+淀粉颗粒4 kg”的两种反硝化固态反应器对硝酸盐浓度的降解率分为33.91%和34.96%。试验证明在裂隙型岩溶地区采用孔组方案进行地下水污染原位修复技术可行、且能取得较显著效果。修复工程布设方式和试验成果对类似地区开展岩溶地下水污染原位修复具一定借鉴意义。   相似文献   

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Dust‐Bound Trace Metal Elements around Kuhdasht Watershed Area in Iran     

Hamid Alipour  Ahmad Jalalian  Naser Honarjoo  Norair Tommanian  Fereidoon Sarmadian 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(10)

Dust, as a source of trace metal elements, affects the health of society. The spatial and temporal concentrations of dust‐bound trace metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in Kuhdasht watershed (456 km²), Lorestan Province, Iran, is investigated. Dust is collected using glass traps placed in ten research stations in the region. The spatial and temporal distribution of dust trace metals are plotted using ARC‐GIS. The highest and the lowest concentrations of Zn (9751150 mg kg^?1), Pb (46.352.9 mg kg^?1), and Cd (2.443.30 mg kg^?1) are obtained in winter, of Ni (98110 mg kg^?1) and Cu in autumn (16.053.5 mg kg^?1), and of Mn in summer (385505 mg kg^?1). The spatial concentrations of dust‐bound trace metals indicate all, except Cu, show a decreasing trend from the mountains toward the plains, similar to that of soil and of dust, except for Zn, which shows higher concentrations in dust than in soil. The potential sources of dust‐bound trace metals and their rate of contamination are also investigated using the enrichment and contamination factors. The major sources of Cd and Zn in the dust of watershed are due to anthropogenic activities or from activities outside the borders.  相似文献   

Investigation of gas content of organic-rich shale:A case study from Lower Permian shale in southern North China Basin,central China     

Wei Dang  Jin-Chuan Zhang  Xuan Tang  Xiao-Liang Wei  Zhong-Ming Li  Cheng-Hu Wang  Qian Chen  Chong Liu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(2):559-575

Measuring gas content is an essential step in estimating the commerciality of gas reserves. In this study,eight shale core samples from the Mouye-1 well were measured using a homemade patented gas desorption apparatus to determine their gas contents. Due to the air contamination that is introduced into the desorption canister, a mathematical method was devised to correct the gas quantity and quality.Compared to the chemical compositions of desorbed gas, the chemical compositions of residual gas are somewhat different. In residual gas, carbon dioxide and nitrogen record a slight increase, and propane is first observed. This phenomenon may be related to the exposure time during the transportation of shale samples from the drilling site to the laboratory, as well as the differences in the mass, size and adsorptivity of different gas molecules. In addition to a series of conventional methods, including the USBM direct method and the Amoco Curve Fit(ACF) method, which were used here for lost gas content estimation, a Modified Curve Fit(MCF) method, based on the 'bidisperse' diffusion model, was established to estimate lost gas content. By fitting the ACF and MCF models to gas desorption data, we determined that the MCF method could reasonably describe the gas desorption data over the entire time period, whereas the ACF method failed. The failure of the ACF method to describe the gas desorption process may be related to its restrictive assumption of a single pore size within shale samples. In comparison to the indirect method, this study demonstrates that none of the three methods studied in this investigation(USBM, ACF and MCF) could individually estimate the lost gas contents of all shale samples and that the proportion of free gas relative to total gas has a significant effect on the estimation accuracy of the selected method. When the ratio of free gas to total gas is lower than 45%, the USBM method is the best for estimating the lost gas content, whereas when the ratio ranges from 45% to 75% or is more than 75%, the ACF and MCF methods, are the best options respectively.  相似文献   

Geodynamic setting,structure, and composition of continuous trachybasalt-trachyandesite-rhyolite series in the north of Altai-Sayan area: the role of crust-mantle interaction in continental magma formation     

A.A. Vorontsov  O.Yu. Perfilova  N.N. Kruk 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(12):1640-1659

The geologic positions and geochemical and isotope parameters of the Ordovician-early Silurian and Early-Middle Devonian continuous volcanic series of the Minusa basin and its mountainous framing are compared. Both series are composed mostly of moderately alkaline rocks with variations in SiO₂ contents from 45 to 77 wt.%. The Ordovician-early Silurian series differs from the Early-Middle Devonian one in lower contents of TiO₂ (< 1.7 wt.%) and Fe₂O_3tot and higher contents of Al₂O₃ in all rock varieties and in the more fractionated REE patterns of trachybasalts. The compositions of both series reflect two simultaneous mechanisms of magma evolution. The main process was fractional crystallization leading to the formation of rocks from trachybasalts to trachyrhyodacites. The accessory mechanism was the contamination of fractionated melts by crustal material, anatectic melting of crust, and mixing of deep-seated magmas with crustal melts. These processes had specifics at each stage and were controlled by the composition of the sources of parental melts. Their geochemical and isotopic parameters (high alkalinity, high contents of lithophile elements, negative anomalies of Nb, Ta, and Ti, and enrichment in radiogenic Sr) point to the interaction of mantle plumes with the lithospheric mantle that was metasomatically transformed during the preceding Vendian-early Cambrian subduction processes.  相似文献   

基于可见—近红外反射光谱的典型农田重金属污染风险分类研究     

李全坤  赵万伏  文宇博  郭超  刘连文  季峻峰 《高校地质学报》2022,28(6):799-813

对于人为因素或自然因素造成的农田土壤重金属元素污染,需要进行大面积的土壤环境质量调查和分类管控,然而传统的采样测试方法存在工作量大、代价高等问题。可见—近红外（Vis-NIR）反射光谱是一种快速低成本获取土壤理化信息的手段。为研究Vis-NIR反射光谱预测模型划分土壤重金属污染风险类别的能力,文章以典型人为污染地区（浙江温岭）和典型地质高背景地区（广西横县）的390份农田土壤为样本,测定8种重金属元素（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn）的含量和pH值,并测定土壤Vis-NIR光谱。使用偏最小二乘（PLS）和支持向量机（SVM）算法建立回归模型,对土壤重金属含量和pH值进行预测,并基于预测值进行土壤重金属污染风险分类。结果显示,温岭土壤主要污染元素Cd和Cu的光谱模型回归预测偏差（RPD）分别为1.23和1.19,预测机制与有机质有关。横县土壤主要污染元素As和Cd的RPD分别为1.98和1.93,预测机制与铁氧化物和粘土矿物有关。地质高背景土壤重金属与铁氧化物的正相关性普遍较强,使得光谱模型对重金属含量预测准确度较高。温岭和横县土壤pH值的光谱模型RPD分别为1.76和1.68。土壤重金属污染风险光谱分类的总体 准确度分别为75.0%~100%（温岭）和80.0%~100％（横县）。将Vis-NIR光谱与遥感技术相结合,对农田土壤重金属污染风险进行快速分类总体是可行的。  相似文献   

Environmental fate and health exposures of the geogenic and anthropogenic contaminants in potable groundwater of Lower Ganga Basin,India     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(3):101365

The study evaluated the sources and controlling factors of the groundwater contaminants in an agroeconomic region of Lower Ganga Basin using principal component analysis (PCA), multivariable linear regressions (MLR), correlation analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis, and evaluated the public health risks using the Latin Hypercube Sampling, goodness-of-fit statistics, Monte Carlo simulation and Sobol sensitivity analysis based on the 1000 samples collected in two sampling cycles (N = 1000). The study reveals that the dissolution of fluoride-bearing minerals and semi-arid climate regulate the fluoride concentrations (0.10–18.25 mg/L) in groundwater. Extensive application of inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers and livestock manure mainly contributed to elevated nitrate levels (up to 435.0 mg/L) in groundwater. The health risks analysis indicates that fluoride exposure is more prevalent in the residents of each age group than the nitrate and both contaminants exhibited higher non-carcinogenic health risks on the infant and child (minor) age groups compared to adolescents and adults. Based on the cokriging interpolation mapping, the minor residents of 17.88%–23.15% of the total area (4545.0 km²) are vulnerable to methemoglobinemia whereas the residents of all age-groups in 38.47%–44.45% of the total area are susceptible to mild to severe dental/skeletal fluorosis owing to consumption of untreated nitrate and fluoride enriched groundwater. The Sobol sensitivity indices revealed contaminant levels, groundwater intake rate and their collective effects are the most influential factors to pose potential health risks on the residents. Artificial recharge and rainwater harvesting practices should be adopted to improve the groundwater quality and the residents are advised to drink purified groundwater.  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of bacterial contamination in tap and groundwater: A case study on water quality of Quetta City,an arid zone in Pakistan          下载免费PDF全文

Tanzeel Khan  Muhammad Akhtar Malik  Gohram Malghani  Rabia Akhtar 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(2):153-165

Water is an essential element on earth, which provides human a variety of services in domestic use, agriculture, or industries. However, some serious health risks of drinking water are associated with microbial contamination, particularly with fecal matter. Therefore, microbial quality assessment is considered to be a necessary component of water quality assessment. This study investigates microbial contamination of water distributary system around the city by comparing groundwater (GW) and tap water (TW) quality in Quetta city. 31 GW samples and 31 TW samples were collected in the study area during the months of September, October, and November. Fecal coliform test was carried out in laboratory and their average total coliform contamination was computed. Results showed that the TW sample were all contaminated by coliform except for Chiltan town, hence are not considered suitable for drinking without any treatment according to WHO drinking water quality standards. The average coliform concentrations were 12 in Quetta main city, 11.6 in Jinnah town, 5.3 in Satallite town, 10 in Shahbaz town and 5 in Brewery town (0/100 mL CFU) and the TW samples from the three towns were even more contaminated with E.coli. Whereas among the GW, average microbial concentrations were 1.8 in Quetta main city, 2 in Satallite town, 1.4 in Shahbaz town, and 0.4 in Chiltan town (0/100 mL CFU), respectively, which shows that the contamination is occurring within the water distributary pipeline system when the water flows through the pipelines. Moreover, this research will be valuable for researchers and administrative authorities to conduct elaborative studies, and develop new policies to prevent further deterioration of drinking water in the water distribution system by pathogenic microorganisms and ensure safe drinking water to the public of Quetta city.  相似文献   

中国东北新生代火山区CO_2释放规模与成因     

赵文斌  郭正府  刘嘉麒  张茂亮  孙玉涛  雷鸣  马琳  李菊景 《岩石学报》2021,37(4):1255-1269

板片俯冲过程将地表碳带入地球内部,火山作用将深部碳输送至地球外部圈层,两者构成了地球深部碳循环的主要方式,进而影响了地史时期的气候变化。我国东北新生代火山活动被认为是太平洋板片深俯冲作用的产物,板片俯冲导致岩浆源区强烈的碳酸盐组分交代作用,进而使东北亚上地幔成为一个新生代时期的巨型深部碳库,它的活动和释放将会对全球的气候与环境变化造成重要影响。然而,有关该深部碳库向当今大气圈输送CO_2气体的规模及其演化过程尚不清楚,从而影响了进一步定量评估该碳库在全球变化研究中的地位和作用。针对上述科学问题,本文对我国东北长白山、五大连池和阿尔山火山释放CO_2气体的规模与成因进行了研究。结果表明,东北新生代火山区的土壤CO_2释放通量介于9.6～41.2g·m~(-2)·d~(-1)之间,每年向当今大气圈释放CO_2气体约为2.1Mt(其中,长白山火山区为0.94Mt,五大连池火山区为1.2Mt)。气体地球化学研究证实,长白山与五大连池火山气体均起源于太平洋板片深俯冲环境;但是,与长白山相比,五大连池火山气体具有较高比例壳源组分贡献。阿尔山火山气体的成分与长白山和五大连池火山区存在着明显的差异,它们以N_2为主( 95%),并且其δ~(15)N_(N_2)值高于空气值(1.3‰～1.9‰),~3He/~4He比值较低(0.14～0.18R_A),δ~(13)C_(CO_2)较轻(-13.7‰～-6.2‰),表明壳源富氮有机沉积物的贡献占比较大的比例。上述特征进一步表明,阿尔山火山气体在上升经过地下水时可能滞留了较长时间,混染了大量的陆壳组分,其源区并未受到太平洋板片俯冲物质的显著影响。  相似文献   

扬州江都区邵伯农田土壤环境质量及生态风险评价     

胡秀艳  谢红青  景山 《江苏地质》2023,47(4):412-419

选取扬州邵伯地区作为研究区,根据评价标准（GB 15618—2018）对其农田土壤环境质量及生态风险进行评价。研究区农田土壤中8种重金属元素平均含量均低于农用地污染风险筛选值,除Ni外其余7种重金属元素的平均含量均超过江苏土壤平均背景值,其中Hg含量均值为江苏土壤平均背景值的2.16倍;通过对比内梅罗指数法和综合指数法评价结果,认为综合指数法能更客观准确地反映研究区农田土壤环境质量状况,结果显示研究区农田土壤轻度污染以上样本占总样本的2.35%;研究区农田土壤属中度生态风险,综合潜在风险指数平均值为200.56,主要贡献因子是Hg。  相似文献