Simulations of the Impact of Lakes on Local and Regional Climate Over the Tibetan Plateau     

Lingjing Zhu  Xin Liu  Lei Tian  Qunhui Zhang 《大气与海洋》2018,56(4):230-239

ABSTRACT

Because of the high elevation and complex topography of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the role of lakes in the climate system over the Tibetan Plateau is not well understood. For this study, we investigated the impact of lake processes on local and regional climate using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, which includes a one-dimensional physically based lake model. The first simulation with the WRF model was performed for the TP over the 2000–2010 period, and the second was carried out during the same period but with the lakes filled with nearby land-use types. Results with the lake simulation show that the model captures the spatial and temporal patterns of annual mean precipitation and temperature well over the TP. Through comparison of the two simulations, we found that the TP lakes mainly cool the near-surface air, inducing a decreasing sensible heat flux for the entire year. Meanwhile, stronger evaporation produced by the lakes is found in the fall. During the summer, the cooling effect of the lakes decreases precipitation in the surrounding area and generates anomalous circulation patterns. In conclusion, the TP lakes cool the near-surface atmosphere most of the time, weaken the sensible heat flux, and strengthen the latent heat flux, resulting in changes in mesoscale precipitation and regional-scale circulation.  相似文献   

通过水体置换降低水库富营养化风险：长江口青草沙水库案例研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈义中  朱建荣 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(6):23-29

城市淡水系统的富营养化风险是世界范围内普遍关注的问题。多种物理、生物和化学技术手段被应用到富营养化湖库的治理当中，以期抑制水体的富营养化程度和藻类生物量。经证实，在未有效降低营养盐来源的情况下，这些手段的效果有限。而在发展中国家，控制营养盐来源可能需要花费数十年的时间。本研究旨在分析某一高营养盐负荷的沿海水库的富营养化和藻类水华风险，以期确认通过水利调度来抑制水库富营养化状态的可行性。该案例水库为位于长江口的青草沙水库。该水库2009至2012年期间的库内五个点位的水质数据被用于进行案例分析。水质指标包括水温、透明度、溶解氧、总氮、总磷和浮游植物叶绿素a。该水库的建设期为2009年4月至2010年10月，期间水库未曾与长江口发生水体交换。该水库的试运营期为2010年10月至2011年1月，正式运营期为2011年1月至今。在运营期间，库内与长江口的水体交换逐步上升。综合营养状态指数（TLI）被用于评估该水库的营养状态变化情况，该指数是通过数个代表性水质指标计算得到。库区的TLI指数峰值在2009年夏季可达51，在2011年夏季可达55，超过TLI指数的富营养化阈值50。TLI的谷值32出现在2010年的夏季。水质观测期的其他时段的TLI指数均可保持在50以下。以上分析结果表明：水库在2009年和2011年夏季由于过量的营养盐负荷和藻类水华迅速恶化到富营养化状态。水库在2010年和2012年均未出现富营养化状态和藻类水华，这是由于2010年期间水库缺少营养盐输入，2012年期间水库调度充分地置换了库区水体。库区水质指标的时空变化均通过文中的观测资料和数据分析进行展示。经分析表明，通过潮汐涨落来充分置换库区水体的水库调度手段是一个极为经济有效的抑制高营养盐水体富营养化和藻类水华的工程手段。  相似文献   

Intensity of in‐lake processes in floodplain lakes within the Bug River zone of fluvial activity          下载免费PDF全文

Jarosław Dawidek  Beata Ferencz 《水文研究》2014,28(24):5965-5971

The paper presents a new approach to calculating the erosion and deposition values of floodplain lake basins, the erosion–deposition index (EDI). The EDI is a sum of the basin geometry indices (BGIs), which can be calculated for a separate cross section of the lake. The distribution of processes within the basin was investigated in two selected floodplain lakes with the use of BGIs. Field research was carried out in the Bug River valley from 1 November 2006 to 31 October 2011. The highest erosion was observed in the lakes located close to the parent river. Deposition processes were observed in lakes with high inflow of groundwater. The results showed that EDI values of 48 out of the 71 floodplain lakes ranged from ?0.2 to 0.2. Spatial distribution of erosion and deposition processes within the lake basins resulted from a velocity of water inflowing or flowing through the basin. This was observed especially in contrafluent–confluent lake. Inflow of rivers water via upstream crevasse occurred later than via downstream one, but energy of flowing water was higher, which favoured erosion of this part of the lake basin. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

近40年来中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度的时空分异特征分析     

武昭鑫  孔祥生  徐兆鹏  曾健  刘鑫 《海洋与湖沼》2024,55(2):347-362

随着经济社会快速发展, 中国湖泊表现出不同程度的富营养化, 湖泊生态正面临着严峻挑战。叶绿素a是评价水体营养状态的重要指标, 可以反映湖泊中浮游植物生物量情况。基于Landsat系列数据集, 对1986~2022年间中国范围内面积在10 km²以上湖泊叶绿素a浓度分布状况进行研究, 并对各区域叶绿素a浓度演变趋势进行分析, 结果表明: (1) 中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度存在地域性空间分布差异。叶绿素a浓度分布整体呈现东南高, 西北低的态势, 大约69%的湖泊处于轻富营养化程度, 中富营养化状态约占17%。以35°N和100°E为分界线, 各区域叶绿素a浓度随经纬度呈现出一定的变化规律。(2) 近40年间中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度年均值处于缓慢波动上升趋势, 时间序列呈现先降低后升高, 再降低的变化状态。所有湖泊叶绿素a浓度显著上升的数量占比约为30%, 显著下降的占比约为24.8%, 变化不显著的约占45.2%。整体变化较为稳定, 变异系数处于中等波动水平以下, 波动较大的区域位于青藏高原, 东北地区和长江中下游的部分地区。(3) 各流域内湖泊叶绿素a浓度时空分异特征表现为: 空间分布上, 内陆流域和西南流域普遍较低, 珠江流域和东南流域较高。时间变化上, 除了西南流域和内陆流域的湖泊叶绿素a浓度呈现下降趋势外, 其他流域均为上升趋势。中国湖泊叶绿素a浓度呈现出明显的地域性差异和时间变化趋势, 这主要归因于地区气候、水文条件、土地利用以及人类活动变化等因素。受温暖湿润气候和较强人类活动的影响, 东南部地区的湖泊叶绿素a浓度相对较高。西北部地区气温偏低, 降水较少, 湖泊叶绿素a浓度普遍较低。近40年的时间尺度上, 受城市化、工业化快速发展和全球气候变化的共同影响, 中国整体湖泊叶绿素a浓度呈缓慢上升趋势。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal geochemical variability in lacustrine sedimentation in the East African Rift System: Evidence from the Kenya Rift and regional analyses     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(5):1697-1730

Many previous studies on lacustrine basins in the East African Rift System have directed their attention to climatic controls on contemporary sedimentation or climate change as part of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. In contrast, this research focuses on the impact of tectonism and volcanism on rift deposition and develops models that help to explain their roles and relative importance. The study focuses on the spatial and temporal variability in bulk sediment geochemistry from a diverse range of modern and ancient rift sediments through an analysis of 519 samples and 50 major and trace elements. The basins examined variously include, or have contained, wetlands and/or shallow to deep, fresh to hypersaline lakes. Substantial spatial variability is documented for Holocene to modern deposits in lakes Turkana, Baringo, Bogoria, Magadi and Malawi. Mio‐Pleistocene sediments in the Central Kenya Rift and Quaternary deposits of the southern Kenya Rift illustrate temporal variability. Tectonic and volcanic controls on geochemical variability are explained in terms of: (i) primary controlling factors (faulting, subsidence, uplift, volcanism, magma evolution and antecedent lithologies and landscapes); (ii) secondary controls (bedrock types, rift shoulder and axis elevations, accommodation space, meteoric and hydrothermal fluids and mantle CO ₂); and (iii) response factors (catchment area size, orographic rains, rain shadows, vegetation densities, erosion and weathering rates, and spring/runoff ratios). The models developed have, in turn, important implications for palaeoenvironmental interpretation in other depositional basins.  相似文献   

陕北定边盐湖卤水水位历史演变及其气候指示意义(1265—1949年)          下载免费PDF全文

董凌霄  费杰 《湖泊科学》2022,34(1):272-285

受自然环境和资料限制的原因,中国西北的季风边缘区内的湖泊千-百年时间尺度演变序列重建工作存在不足.历史文献中的湖泊演变信息丰富,有效利用可较好地解决这一问题.本文通过梳理历史文献记录的定边盐湖采盐方式资料,反演历史时期定边盐湖卤水水位,重建公元1265-1949年陕北定边盐湖卤水水位演变序列,该序列较好地指示出公元1265-1949年间定边盐湖所处区域的气候干湿变化状况.重建结果显示,定边盐湖所处区域在公元1265-1949年间存在2个湿润期和3个干旱期,影响该区域气候干湿变化的主要原因为东亚夏季风的强弱变化.本文研究证明历史文献中的湖泊演变信息是一类科学的自然代用指标,其便于收集、物理逻辑清晰,但时间分辨率稍显不足,若能与传统湖泊沉积资料有效结合,具有更广阔的研究前景.  相似文献   

基于长时间序列(1975—2020年)生态耗水的岱海动态生态需水分析          下载免费PDF全文

马佳丽  刘东伟  王杰  程英楠  刘华民  王立新 《湖泊科学》2022,34(1):207-218

生态需水是湖泊生态系统的重要指标,维持着湖泊生态系统的良性循环.以内蒙古中部半干旱湖泊岱海为研究对象,对湖泊动态生态需水进行分析.本研究在遥感和气象数据的基础上,获得1975-2020年长时间序列高精度水文要素数据,分析岱海水文要素时空演变规律;通过天然生态水深分析法、水深经验频率分析法和湖泊形态分析法分析岱海的水深随面积变化的关键水深;构建基于生态耗水规律的湖泊生态需水模型,计算自然状态下岱海生态需水动态变化范围.研究结果如下:岱海地区6-9月为丰水期,10月至次年5月为枯水期;45 a以来岱海水面面积呈显著下降趋势,近年来下降速率减缓;枯水期岱海适宜生态水深为8.72~9.92 m,丰水期为9.40~10.69 m,适宜生态需水量为5.62亿~7.71亿m³,适宜湖面面积为70.92~84.77 km².本文构建了长时间序列气候水文数据库,确定岱海动态生态需水范围可以实现对湖泊生态健康的实时监测,为相关规划与管理提供科学依据及可操作性指导,从而为岱海湖泊治理提供理论参考.  相似文献   

含油气盆地蒸发盐矿物成因类型及其地质意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

郭佩  李长志 《古地理学报》2022,24(2):210-225

中国是一个多盐湖国家,然而盐湖研究主要集中于分析湖水化学性质、盐类物质来源和盐矿资源开发等,对盐类矿物沉积特征和埋藏成岩改造研究较少,造成从蒸发岩角度去理解古代盐湖盆地的油气富集规律较为困难。在广泛阅读国内外大型盐湖文献的基础上,笔者介绍了盐湖分类方案和蒸发岩中盐类矿物的主要成因类型,并总结了中国陆相含油气盆地中常见的硫酸盐、氯化物、含钠碳酸盐和硼酸盐的沉积—成岩过程及其古环境和古气候意义。同时,尝试利用盐湖沉积最新研究成果去探讨中国含油气盆地蒸发岩研究中存在争议或值得关注的问题,得出: (1)深部热液可为湖泊输送大量元素离子,但要在湖泊环境下富集大量蒸发岩,则(半)干旱气候和蒸发浓缩作用是前提条件;(2)易溶蒸发岩(如石盐)在沉积中心单层厚度大,而在斜坡—边缘区缺失,这是季节性气温变化和温跃层浮动引发“中心聚集效应”的结果;(3)温度可影响蒸发岩中盐类矿物溶解度、晶体结构形态和发育深度,而部分无水盐类矿物在常温常压下却无法结晶,这一现象可用来指示古地温和地层埋藏史;(4)碳酸盐型盐湖中的Na-碳酸盐种类可指示大气CO₂浓度和古温度。  相似文献   

The evolution of the terrestrial-terminating Irish Sea glacier during the last glaciation     

Richard Christopher Chiverrell  Geoff Stephen Powell Thomas  Matthew Burke  Alicia Medialdea  Rachel Smedley  Mark Bateman  Chris Clark  Geoffrey A. T. Duller  Derek Fabel  Geraint Jenkins  Xianjiao Ou  Helen Marie Roberts  James Scourse 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(5):752-779

Here we reconstruct the last advance to maximum limits and retreat of the Irish Sea Glacier (ISG), the only land-terminating ice lobe of the western British Irish Ice Sheet. A series of reverse bedrock slopes rendered proglacial lakes endemic, forming time-transgressive moraine- and bedrock-dammed basins that evolved with ice marginal retreat. Combining, for the first time on glacial sediments, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) bleaching profiles for cobbles with single grain and small aliquot OSL measurements on sands, has produced a coherent chronology from these heterogeneously bleached samples. This chronology constrains what is globally an early build-up of ice during late Marine Isotope Stage 3 and Greenland Stadial (GS) 5, with ice margins reaching south Lancashire by 30 ± 1.2 ka, followed by a 120-km advance at 28.3 ± 1.4 ka reaching its 26.5 ± 1.1 ka maximum extent during GS-3. Early retreat during GS-3 reflects piracy of ice sources shared with the Irish-Sea Ice Stream (ISIS), starving the ISG. With ISG retreat, an opportunistic readvance of Welsh ice during GS-2 rode over the ISG moraines occupying the space vacated, with ice margins oscillating within a substantial glacial over-deepening. Our geomorphological chronosequence shows a glacial system forced by climate but mediated by piracy of ice sources shared with the ISIS, changing flow regimes and fronting environments.  相似文献   

柴达木盆地那棱格勒河及其尾闾盐湖锂成矿物源：来自水化学和锶、硫同位素证据   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李庆宽  王建萍  吴蝉  樊启顺  秦占杰  陈亮  魏海成  都永生  袁秦  李建森  山发寿 《地质学报》2021,95(7):2169-2182

柴达木盆地那棱格勒河尾闾盐湖（一里坪干盐滩、东台吉乃尔盐湖、西台吉乃尔盐湖和察尔汗盐湖别勒滩区段）赋存了我国目前最大的卤水锂矿床。那棱格勒河及其尾闾盐湖锂的物源仍存在一定争议,主要有围岩风化、古湖残留、含盐系地层淋滤、油田水、深部水等,目前缺乏有力的地球化学证据。本文系统采集了那棱格勒河流域及其尾闾盐湖不同水体样品16件,分析了其主、微量元素含量及锶、硫同位素组成。结合前人的研究成果,对区域水体中锂的来源进行了探讨,得出结论如下：那棱格勒河水锂含量（0. 45~0. 79 mg/L）比楚拉克阿拉干河支流（0. 00~0. 05 mg/L）高出一个数量级,其高锂含量主要受洪水河支流的补给;洪水河高锂含量与其上游热泉水的补给有关,该热泉水锂、锶含量高、 87 Sr/ 86 Sr比值偏高, δ 34 S值偏低,与青藏高原典型热泉水地球化学特征（锂含量0. 4~34. 8 mg/L,锶含量0. 07~4. 24 mg/L, 87 Sr/ 86 Sr比值0. 71224~0. 71259, δ 34 S值- 10. 6‰~7. 6‰）较一致。那棱格勒河水（0. 71170）和尾闾盐湖卤水（0. 71143~0. 71156）相似的 87 Sr/ 86 Sr比值,以及研究区河、湖水硫同位素组成符合主要蒸发浓缩过程 δ 34 S值逐渐下降的变化趋势,均证明研究区尾闾盐湖卤水锂资源主要受那棱格勒河的补给;而古湖残留水、盆地西部含盐系地层淋滤水或油田水具有明显不同的水化学特征和锶、硫同位素组成,这些水体对研究区尾闾盐湖锂补给的贡献较小,可忽略不计。  相似文献