Daily salinity fluctuation alleviates salt stress on seedlings of the mangrove Bruguiera gymnorhiza     

Wenqing Wang  Li Xu  Siyang You  Chao Liu  Mao Wang 《水文研究》2020,34(11):2466-2476

Salinity is a vital factor that regulates leaf photosynthesis and growth of mangroves, and it frequently undergoes large seasonal and daily fluctuations creating a range of environments – oligohaline to hyperhaline. Here, we examined the hypotheses that mangroves benefit opportunistically from low salinity resulting from daily fluctuations and as such, mangroves under daily fluctuating salinity (FS) grow better than those under constant salinity (CS) conditions. We compared growth, salt accumulation, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves of mangrove Bruguiera gymnorhiza seedlings growing in freshwater (FW), CS (15 practical salinity units, PSU), and daily FS (0–30 PSU, average of 4.8 PSU) conditions. The traits of FS-treated leaves were measured in seedlings under 15 PSU. FS-treated seedlings had greater leaf biomass than those in other treatment groups. Moreover, leaf photosynthetic rate, capacity to regulate photoelectron uptake/transfer, and leaf succulence were significantly higher in FS than in CS treatment. However, leaf water-use efficiency showed the opposite trend. In addition to higher concentrations of Na⁺ and Cl⁻, FS-treated leaves accumulated more Ca²⁺ and K⁺. We concluded that daily FS can enhance water absorption, photosynthesis, and growth of leaves, as well as alter plant biomass allocation patterns, thereby positively affecting B. gymnorhiza. Mangroves that experience daily FS may increase their adaptability by reducing salt build-up and water deficits when their roots are temporally subjected to low salinity or FW and by absorbing sufficient amounts of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ for osmotic adjustment when their roots are subsequently exposed to saline water.  相似文献   

基岩倾角对盆地地震响应的影响分析          下载免费PDF全文

卓发成 《地震工程学报》2020,42(4):1035-1042

为了研究盆地基岩倾角对盆地地表动力反应的影响,选取了一个跨度2 km,深度500 m的二维成层盆地为研究对象进行有限元动力反应分析。以持时0.25 s的狄拉克脉冲作为输入地震动,探讨了P波和SV波垂直入射时,盆地基岩倾角从10°\,20°\,30°\,40°依次增加的情况下盆地地震反应。结果表明:入射波在倾斜基岩处发生波型转化,同时产生面波,在盆地中心区域发生汇聚;随着基岩倾角的增加地表中心处的卓越频率有减小的趋势。  相似文献   

Stochastic bivariate time series models of waves in the North Sea and their application in simulation-based design     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

In this paper, we present and evaluate three long-term wave models for application in simulation-based design of ships and marine structures. Designers and researchers often rely on historical weather data as a source for ocean area characteristics based on hindcast datasets or in-situ measurements. The limited access and size of historical datasets reduces repeatability of simulations and analyses, making it difficult to assess the sampling variability of performance and loads on marine vessels and structures. Markov, VAR and VARMA wave models, producing independent long-term time series of significant wave height (H_s) and spectral peak period (T_p), is presented as possible solutions to this problem. The models are tested and compared by addressing how the models affect interpretation of design concepts and the ability to replicate statistical and physical characteristics of the wave process. Our results show that the VAR and VARMA models perform sufficiently in describing design performance, but does not capture the physical process fully. The Markov model is found to perform worst of the tested models in the applied tests, especially for measures covering several consecutive sea states.  相似文献   

海上风电升压站平台高程确定标准的合理性研究     

潘晓春 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(6):83-88

为保证海上风电升压电站建设的经济合理与安全可靠,合理确定海上风电升压电站平台高程十分必要。文中从波浪与潮位的遭遇组合、最大波高取值与现行相关标准的比较、最大波峰高度计算的合理性等方面,全面分析了确定海上风电升压站平台高程各组成项取值标准的合理性,研究认为现行标准明显偏高。建议海上升压站平台底部高程按"100年一遇极端高水位+重现期50年波列累积频率1%的最大波峰高度+安全超高"确定。结合工程实例计算分析,按本文建议可使海上升压站平台高程明显降低,从而节省工程造价,还可减轻升压站工程对周边风机的遮蔽影响,以达到多发电量的效果。  相似文献   

新疆艾比湖流域枯、丰水期三维荧光光谱特性及其与水质的关系     

王迪  张飞  张兆永  张海威  朱世丹  张贤龙 《湖泊科学》2020,32(2):483-495

以艾比湖流域主要入湖河流为研究对象，在5月（丰水期）和8月（枯水期）分别沿博尔塔拉河（博河）和精河进行采样，采用平行因子模型（PARAFAC）和三维荧光区域积分法对水体三维荧光特性进行研究并对其与水质的关系在枯、丰水期下的变化进行探讨.结果表明①河流DOM在枯水期与丰水期都含有C1（240、425 nm） UVC类腐殖质，C2（225、290 nm）紫外区内络氨酸类有机物，C3（230/280、330 nm）蛋白类有机物，C4（265、260 nm）腐殖质类共4种组分.通过对水体三维荧光进行区域积分可以看出DOM荧光成分的占比在不同时期的变化.博河在枯水期时EEM光谱中的区域Ⅲ富里酸含量低于丰水期，枯水期时区域Ⅱ芳香类蛋白质、区域Ⅳ可溶性微生物代谢物以及区域Ⅴ类腐殖质酸高于丰水期；对于精河来说，区域Ⅱ芳香类蛋白质和区域Ⅳ可溶性微生物代谢物在枯水期的含量高于丰水期，区域Ⅲ富里酸和区域Ⅴ类腐殖质酸的含量枯水期低于丰水期，这表明水体腐质化程度较高.②本研究选取了一些常规的荧光指数来描述枯、丰水期水体的荧光指数特性.经研究发现，精河的荧光指数、自生源指数和腐殖化指数在不同时期的变化幅度较小，而博河的变化幅度较大.③将荧光指数与水质参数进行相关性分析并建模，结果表明枯水期自生源指数（BIX）与化学需氧量呈显著正相关，相关系数R=0.688；丰水期时BIX与铵态氮浓度呈显著负相关，相关系数R=-0.493.通过对比分析艾比湖主要入湖河流的三维荧光光谱特性与水质在枯、丰水期时的关系进一步表明水体中DOM的特性以及在枯、丰水期下的差异，为艾比湖流域的治理改善提供一定的理论支持和参考依据.  相似文献   

微量元素锰对底栖甲藻热带库里亚藻(Coolia tropicalis)生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响     

刘莎莎  陈亨  黄凯旋  吕颂辉  张亮  谢学东 《热带海洋学报》2020,39(3):76-85

以热带库里亚藻(Coolia tropicalis)为研究对象, 在不同锰浓度(0、1、5、10、50μmol·L ^-1)的人工海水培养15d, 利用叶绿素荧光动力学技术研究了其生长和光合作用对不同锰环境的响应。结果表明: 1)比生长速率(μ)和最大相对电子传递速率(rETR_max)与锰浓度均呈指数关系且对锰胁迫具有相同程度的响应; 2)锰浓度至少大于1μmol·L ^-1才能维持热带库里亚藻正常的光合作用活性, 当锰浓度低于该浓度时, 光合作用活性(F_v/F_m)在6d后开始下降, 而单位反应中心吸收光能(ABS/RC)和热能耗散(DI₀/RC)升高; 两个反应中心之间的电子传递(φ_E0)及生长并未受影响, 表明此阶段锰缺乏只影响活性光反应中心数量并提高热耗散途径; 当锰缺乏延长至15d时, 胁迫作用显现(F₀上升)并且电子传递(φ_E0)和生长受到抑制, 这阶段锰缺乏使光反应中心关闭且电子传递受阻; 3)锰缺乏的修复损伤比(r/k)并未降低, 表明锰缺乏并未影响热带库里亚藻的光保护能力。  相似文献   

NaHSO3对两种微藻生长及胞外多糖和藻胆蛋白含量的影响     

梁英  闫译允  黄徐林  田传远  胡乃霞  王帅 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(1):21-29

本文研究了0.25~3 mmol/L浓度的NaHSO3对紫球藻(Porphyridium violaceum)和0.06~0.96 mmol/L浓度的NaHSO3对蓝隐藻(Chroomonas placoidea)的叶绿素荧光参数(PSII最大光能转化效率Fv/Fm、相对电子传递速率rETR、光化学淬灭qP、非光化学淬灭NPQ)、细胞密度、干重、胞外多糖和藻胆蛋白含量的影响。研究表明,较低浓度的NaHSO3对紫球藻和蓝隐藻的生长及活性物质积累有促进作用,2种微藻进行生长和活性物质积累的最适NaHSO3浓度分别为0.5和0.12 mmol/L,此条件下,实验结束时,2种微藻的Fv/Fm、rETR、qP、细胞密度、干重、胞外多糖和藻胆蛋白含量均达到最大值,显著高于对照组。其中,紫球藻的最终细胞密度、干重、胞外多糖和藻胆蛋白含量分别比对照组增加了36.0%、19.1%、71.8%和69.0%。蓝隐藻的上述参数在NaHSO3浓度为0.12 mmol/L时则比对照组增加了60.8%、45.4%、60.0%和53.1%。另一方面,NaHSO3浓度为2~3 mmol/L时显著抑制紫球藻生长及活性物质积累,NaHSO3浓度为0.48~0.96 mmol/L则不利于蓝隐藻生长及活性物质积累。研究结果表明,适合紫球藻和蓝隐藻生长及胞外多糖和藻胆蛋白积累的最佳NaHSO3浓度分别为0.5和0.12 mmol/L,该研究为2种微藻的开发利用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

米氏凯伦藻细胞表面膜蛋白质组及其对温度变化的响应研究     

王坤  王沛  张浩  张树峰  王大志 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(3):652-663

米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)近年在我国福建、浙江和广东沿海经常形成赤潮,其赤潮不仅影响到海洋生态系统的稳定,也严重威胁到水产养殖以及人类生命健康安全。本论文以米氏凯伦藻为研究对象,建立了米氏凯伦藻细胞表面膜蛋白质荧光标记技术和细胞膜蛋白质提取方法,运用荧光差异凝胶电泳技术(2-DDIGE)对膜蛋白质进行了分析,并研究了米氏凯伦藻的膜蛋白质组及其对环境温度变动的响应。实验共鉴定到44个细胞表面膜蛋白,其中有效注释27个,主要为转运蛋白、HSP70蛋白家族和捕光蛋白等。米氏凯伦藻在20°C条件下的细胞生长和光合作用要明显好于16°C和12°C,但16°C和12°C条件下的差别不大,表明低温限制了米氏凯伦藻的生长。当米氏凯伦藻从12°C快速转移至16°C和20°C时,藻细胞密度和光合作用效率短时间迅速降低,但细胞很快即适应温度变化。细胞膜上的转运蛋白和光合作用蛋白在其适应温度变化中起着重要作用。  相似文献   

Seismic responses of postyield hardening single–degree-of-freedom systems incorporating high-strength elastic material     

Hanlin Qiang  Peng Feng  Zhe Qu 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(6):611-633

It is widely accepted that ductility design improves the seismic capacity of structures worldwide. Nevertheless, inelastic deformation allows serious damage to occur in structures. Previous studies have shown that a certain level of postyield stiffness may reduce both the peak displacement and residual deformation of a structure. In recent years, several high-strength elastic materials, such as fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) and high-strength steel bars, have been developed. Application of these materials can easily provide a structure with a much higher and more stable postyield stiffness. Many materials, members, and structures that incorporate both high-strength elastic materials and conventional materials show significant postyield hardening (PYH) behaviors. The significant postyield stiffness of PYH structures can help effectively reduce both peak and residual deformations, providing a choice when designing resilient structures. However, the findings of previous studies of structures with elastic-perfectly plastic (EPP) behavior or small postyield stiffness may not be accurate for PYH structures. The postyield stiffness of a structure must be considered an important primary structural parameter, in addition to initial stiffness, yielding strength, and ductility. In this paper, extensive time history and statistical analyses are carried out for PYH single–degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems. The mean values and coefficients of variation of the peak displacement and residual deformation are obtained and discussed. A new R-μ_p-T-α relationship and damage index for PYH structures are proposed. A theoretical model for the calculation of residual deformation is also established. These models provide a basis for developing the appropriate seismic design and performance evaluation procedures for PYH structures.  相似文献   

Provenance of sediment in the Labrador Current: a record of hinterland glaciation over the past 125 ka          下载免费PDF全文

LONGJIANG MAO  DAVID J. W. PIPER  FRANCKY SAINT‐ANGE  JOHN T. ANDREWS  MARKUS KIENAST 《第四纪科学杂志》2014,29(7):650-660

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