南海芋螺科一新记录种(软体动物门, 腹足纲, 新腹足目)     

陈志云  连喜平  谭烨辉 《热带海洋学报》2019,38(4):59-63

在对中国科学院南海海洋生物标本馆馆藏芋螺科 Conidae 标本, 以及近年来在南海补充采集的标本进行整理的过程中, 通过形态分类学方法鉴定发现隶属于芋螺属 Conus 的中国海新记录种1种: 锈色芋螺 Conus ferrugineus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, 标本采自西沙群岛。文章描述了该种的外部形态, 查明了其生活习性和地理分布特点, 并与相似种犊纹芋螺 Conus vitulinus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792 进行了比较, 通过壳口内面前沟部位的颜色可将两者区分开: 锈色芋螺呈白色, 而犊纹芋螺呈紫 (褐) 色; 同时对这两个相似种的其他区别特征进行了总结。  相似文献   

南海蜑螺科一新记录属和一新记录种记述 (软体动物门:腹足纲:珍珠蜑螺目)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈志云  张均龙 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(10):209-211

作者在整理中国科学院海洋生物标本馆馆藏蜑螺科Neritidae标本时，鉴定出产自海南三亚的一新记录属饰纹蜑螺属Vittina Baker，1924和一新记录种：裂蜑螺Vittina pennata（von Born，1778）。文中详细描述了本种的贝壳形态特征，查明了其生活习性和地理分布特点，并与相似种进行了比较和总结。  相似文献   

Estuarine biofilm patterns: Modern analogues for Precambrian self-organization     

Roeland C. van de Vijsel  Jim van Belzen  Tjeerd J. Bouma  Daphne van der Wal  Valentina Cusseddu  Sam J. Purkis  Max Rietkerk  Johan van de Koppel 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(5):1141-1154

This field and laboratory study examines whether regularly patterned biofilms on present-day intertidal flats are equivalent to microbially induced bedforms found in geological records dating back to the onset of life on Earth. Algal mats of filamentous Vaucheria species, functionally similar to microbial biofilms, cover the topographic highs of regularly spaced ridge–runnel bedforms. As regular patterning is typically associated with self-organization processes, indicators of self-organization are tested and found to support this hypothesis. The measurements suggest that biofilm-induced sediment trapping and biostabilization enhance bedform relief, strength and multi-year persistence. This demonstrates the importance of primitive organisms for sedimentary landscape development. Algal-covered ridges consist of wavy-crinkly laminated sedimentary deposits that resemble the layered structure of fossil stromatolites and microbially induced sedimentary structures. In addition to layering, both the morphological pattern and the suggested formation mechanism of the recent bedforms are strikingly similar to microbialite strata found in rock records from the Precambrian onwards. This implies that self-organization was an important morphological process in times when biofilms were the predominant sessile ecosystem. These findings furthermore emphasize that self-organization dynamics, such as critical transitions invoking ecosystem emergence or collapse, might have been captured in fossil microbialites, influencing their laminae. This notion may be important for paleoenvironmental reconstructions based on such strata. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd  相似文献   

A multidirectional conditional spectrum     

《地震工程与结构动力学》2018,47(4):945-965

This paper presents a procedure to generate multidirectional conditional spectra (MDCS) that allow for the characterisation of seismic demands at different angles of incidence. Being conditional on a particular period and its direction of maximum response, it is considered to be a natural evolution of the conditional spectrum to account for the effects of directionality, that is, the variation of seismic demands as a function of the angle of incidence of ground motions, which can have a significant effect on the performance of different kinds of structures. The three main components needed for the generation of MDCS are explained in detail. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted using different sampling methods to assess the effects of incorporating the correlation between demands at different orientations for the same oscillator period, and a novel correlation model is proposed for this purpose. The statistical characteristics of MDCS, their relation with the conditional spectrum, the advantages of the MDCS over previous definitions of orientation‐specific spectra, and prospective future developments are discussed.  相似文献   

西安地震台极远震震相记录特征     

冯红武  王建昌  颜文华 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,39(6):120-129

以西安地震台记录的2001-2018年13次6级以上极远震为研究对象，依据AK135走时表进行震相分析，总结归纳典型极远震震相记录特征，以期提高震相分析水平和测震分析工作质量，为其他地震台站极远震分析工作提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Impacts of alien ‘ecosystem engineers’ overwhelm interannual and seasonal shifts in rocky-shore community composition on Marcus Island,South Africa     

S Sadchatheeswaran  GM Branch  CL Moloney 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(2):137-147

The South African coastline has been invaded by numerous alien species. Rare pre-invasion (1980) and post-invasion datasets (2001 and 2012) exist for Marcus Island, a small land-tied island in Saldanha Bay, South Africa. These snapshot datasets of the island’s intertidal invertebrate community were complemented with monitoring across seasons, from 2014 to 2016. Invertebrate communities were compared among the summers of 1980, 2001, 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016 to assess interannual differences, while invertebrates and algae were monitored quarter-annually to assess seasonal changes. In addition, the population dynamics of the alien mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were monitored. Differences in invertebrate communities between consecutive summers were significant but much smaller than changes induced by the arrival of alien species. Invertebrate and seaweed communities differed among years and shore zones but not among seasons, whereas species diversity differed among years, seasons and shore zones, with zones having the strongest influence. The invasion by M. galloprovincialis, and ensuing spatial and temporal variability in its recruitment, emerged as the most important factor influencing community composition, overshadowing interannual and seasonal changes. This work highlights that the impacts of alien species can be distinguished from natural variability by combining long-term monitoring with surveys at finer temporal scales. This is an important step in extending our understanding of the impacts of marine alien species.  相似文献   

渤海自由生活海洋线虫两个新纪录种     

赵丽萍  乔春艳  陆洋  孙静 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(1):212-217

在对渤海滨州贝壳堤岛的自由生活海洋线虫进行分类和多样性研究中,发现2个我国新纪录种并进行了描述。其中,澳洲深咽线虫Bathylaimus australis Cobb,1894主要特征为:头刚毛长约20μm,分为4节,顶端膨大;前口腔大,无齿,后口腔小,具小齿;化感器双环形,位于口腔中部位置;交接刺细长,稍向腹面弯曲,近端膨大呈头状,长32-37μm;引带宽大,肾形,长36-40μm,末端角质化,渐尖。古氏努朵拉线虫Nudora gourbaultae Vincx,1989主要特征为:体表具12列纵向排列的V型装饰;第二体环较宽,头刚毛11-15μm(为头颈的67%-81%);化感器圆形,直径4-6μm(为相应体径的29%-38%),位于第二体环上;具双咽球;交接刺细长,弯曲呈S型,长为肛径的1.3-1.5倍;引带等于或长于交接刺,镰刀型,无肛前辅器。  相似文献   

国产海底地震仪的时间记录与原始数据精细校正   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张浩宇  丘学林  张佳政  贺恩远  游庆瑜 《地球物理学报》2019,62(1):172-182

海底地震仪(OBS)的时间记录对数据处理是至关重要的.实践发现,部分国产便携式OBS的数据记录存在较大的内部时间误差,并且实测地震剖面异常的同相轴"断阶"、"倾斜"现象时有发生.我们通过自激自收试验,对这些异常现象进行了验证,确认其来源于OBS数据文件内部时间漂移,以及数据处理程序存在的缺陷.统计表明,A、B型OBS内部时间漂移量在250Hz的预设采样率下为0～40ms,L、S型OBS在100Hz下为0～90ms.这个量级的时间漂移,会对OBS数据处理、计算模拟产生影响.进一步,我们采用计算实际采样间隔、调整采样间隔、数据重采样的方法,对这种误差进行校正,并且改进了相关的OBS数据处理程序.本文的研究加深了对OBS数据时间记录误差的认识,得到了OBS数据文件内部时间漂移的分布规律,使得中等及较大程度的内部时间漂移的精细校正得到重视,进而完善了OBS数据处理步骤和流程,对OBS数据的有效利用进行了重要补充,为国产OBS的广泛使用、仪器研发提供了重要参考.  相似文献   

Temporal and spatial variation of soil erosion in wooded rangelands of southwest Spain     

Judit Rubio-Delgado  Susanne Schnabel  Álvaro Gómez-Gutiérrez  Joaquín Francisco Lavado-Contador 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(11):2141-2155

Changes in land use are common in Mediterranean areas and are reported as having produced changes in the intensity of soil erosion. Dehesas are rangelands with a disperse tree cover, widespread in the south-western part of the Iberian Peninsula and similar ecosystems are also common in other areas with a Mediterranean climate. The aim of the present study is to analyse temporal and spatial variations of soil erosion rates estimated along three hillsides, located in two farms (Buitrera and Parapuños) in southwest Spain. To understand the temporal variation, soil erosion rates were studied in light of land use-management changes that took place during the last few centuries. Results indicate very low erosion rates prior to the 18^th century in both farms. In Buitrera, a first increase of soil loss rates was identified during the period 1831-1897, amounting to 7.4 t ha^-1 y^-1. A further increase took place during the 20^th century, reaching a mean erosion rate of 29.1 t ha^-1 y^-1. In Parapuños, data points to a significant increase from 1881 onwards, with an estimated mean erosion rate of 18.5 t ha^-1 y^-1. Those increases were presumably connected with an intensification of land use, such as cultivation and excessive livestock populations. Regarding spatial variation, the bare surface and the erosive power of run-off along the hillsides accounts for 76% of the soil erosion rates dispersion. At a local scale, the variability of erosion rates could not be explained, because of (i) uncertainty related to the micromorphology of the past soil surface and (ii) the role of tillage erosion in the past. However, the results obtained offer valuable data on the temporal and spatial variation of erosion rates in dehesas at the hillslope scale and a similar approach could be used for other rangelands with a disperse tree cover. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

断层围陷波观测和应用     

孙译  赖晓玲 《震灾防御技术》2014,9(S1):581-589

断层围陷波的观测特点是利用密集的地震台阵，横跨断层布设测线。可以利用爆炸震源也可以利用余震进行观测，本文分别介绍了实际观测的例子。对大地震破裂带内部的观测，测线位置通常布设在地表破裂带明显、已开挖了地震探槽、断层陡坎出露等地震地质的典型地段。利用爆炸震源激发观测断层围陷波，震源位置应尽量选择在断层带上，震源炸药量大约500kg，测线位置与震源的距离大约5—15km。断层围陷波在新破裂带和老的断层中都能形成和传播，因此该方法可以用于大震破裂带研究，也可以用于城市活断层探测。  相似文献