准噶尔盆地乌夏前陆冲断带沉降史与沉积响应研究     

冯建伟  戴俊生  秦峰  宋永 《地质学报》2019,93(11):2729-2741

针对前陆冲断带的特殊构造位置及沉积特征的复杂性,本文在地层剥蚀厚度恢复和层序划分的基础上,通过对准噶尔盆地西缘乌夏前陆冲断带沉降史分析,在海西运动晚期准噶尔地块与西伯利亚板块发生碰撞挤压,形成一系列冲断推覆构造,前缘岩石圈挠曲下陷发育周缘前陆盆地,并夹杂大规模的短暂伸展火山喷发活动,接受了巨厚的二叠系沉积层序;随着板块俯冲在二叠纪末的逐渐消亡,三叠纪进入印支期陆内坳陷继承性挤压活动阶段,周边受南北向挤压和左旋构造应力场影响,前陆冲断带古断裂再次逆冲,哈拉阿拉特山急剧抬升,后缘和什托洛盖盆地形成;进入侏罗纪—白垩纪(燕山运动早中期),为陆内坳陷的填充消亡阶段,但有继承性活动,构造活动强度较二叠纪大为减弱,在燕山运动Ⅲ幕晚期最终被覆盖定型。整个过程受地体碰撞和板内挤压影响,冲断带发生幕式构造活动,从而导致盆地沉降也发生幕式变化,而且冲断带每次挤压逆冲均导致相应的沉降和沉积物充填,并直接控制前陆盆地和陆内坳陷的沉积充填特征。  相似文献   

Efficient strong motion duration of pulse-like records for nonlinear structural analyses     

Constantinos C. Repapis  Petros P. Mimoglou  Vicky V. Dimakopoulou  Ioannis N. Psycharis  Ioannis M. Taflampas 《地震工程与结构动力学》2020,49(5):479-497

The special interest produced by near-field directivity records and their effect on structural response has given a new significance in the velocity time history, its pulse-like content, and relevant parameters and indices. Recent research has shown that directivity pulses inherent in these records govern the linear and the nonlinear response of a wide range of structures. Based on this observation, it is suggested in this paper that a truncated ground motion, limited to the duration of the predominant velocity pulse, can be efficiently used to predict the structural response, instead of the base motion with the total duration, reducing significantly the required runtimes. The proposed methodology is verified for a series of medium to high rise reinforced concrete buildings, for which nonlinear time-history analyses are performed for a vast suite of pulse-like near-field records applied as base excitations with their total duration and the proposed truncated one. Comparison of the results for the response displacements and forces shows very good agreement, permitting the acceptance of the pulse duration as the efficient strong motion time interval of the original record, which determines the response and, thus, it can be used for nonlinear structural analyses.  相似文献   

地理科学与资源研究所80年回顾及展望     

葛全胜  廖小罕  高星  封志明  刘卫东  廖晓勇  诸云强 《地理学报》2020,75(12):2537-2546

2020年中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所建所80周年。回眸80年,从1940年重庆北碚成立的中国地理研究所,到1953年重新组建的中国科学院地理研究所和1956年成立的中国科学院自然资源综合考察委员会,再到1999年地理研究所和自然资源综合考察委员会整合形成现在的地理科学与资源研究所,几经变迁,历经三代人努力,研究所始终如一,求真务实,开拓进取,推动着地理科学与资源科学的创新发展,为国家建设发展和生态文明进步做出了重要贡献。适逢建所80周年,本文回顾地理资源所发展历程,总结取得的重要科研成果,并展望未来发展。  相似文献   

Low‐temperature thermochronological database of bedrock in the Japanese Islands     

Shigeru Sueoka  Takahiro Tagami 《Island Arc》2019,28(4)

To provide better access to thermochronological data and understand the long‐term denudation history of the Japanese Islands, we compiled a low‐temperature thermochronological dataset of fission‐track (FT) and (U–Th–Sm)/He (He) ages for apatite and zircon in bedrocks. These thermochronometric ages are compiled from 90 literature sources and 1,096 localities, and include 418 apatite FT ages, 851 zircon FT ages, 42 apatite He ages, and 30 zircon He ages. Many FT ages have been reported previously; however, the number of He ages is limited in the Japanese Islands. The compiled data are spatially biased; for instance, more data are reported for the Chubu and Kinki districts and the Pacific coast of the Shikoku Island, whereas less data were available for the Tohoku and Chugoku districts. For better understanding arc‐scale uplift‐denudation history, further thermochronological research in the lesser‐studied regions and more He thermochronometric measurements are desired. This compilation will be updated and provided on the website of the Fission‐Track Research Group in Japan ( http://ftrgj.org/index.html ).  相似文献   

高墩大跨度刚构桥抗震加固有限元分析          下载免费PDF全文

倪国葳  刘倩  韩冰  葛毅佳  张梦芽  张洪建 《世界地震工程》2019,35(2):193-202

大跨刚构桥结构桥跨较长和受力复杂。为提高抗震性能，需要对加固前后的桥梁进行抗震性能研究。以某双肢薄壁型高墩大跨度刚构桥为背景，采用ANSYS程序APDL语言，对结构进行合理的参数选取、网格划分和边界约束，结合抗震等级和桥梁规范等有关规定，研究整体结构在地震作用下的变化规律。通过沿墩高方向获取节点的方法，确定在地震作用下，各节点的最大位移从下到上逐渐增大。选取桥墩双肢相同部位各节点进行横向比较，总结得出双肢薄壁桥墩具有平分荷载和延长寿命的特点。为提高桥梁整体抗震性能，采取联结桥墩增大截面的方式进行加固，对比加固前后两模型在同一地震作用下的结构响应，得出该方法在提高结构整体刚度方面，效果显著。  相似文献   

钢筋-沥青隔震层非线性震动特性研究          下载免费PDF全文

尚守平  刘水 《世界地震工程》2019,35(1):001-8

为了研究钢筋-沥青隔震层的材料与几何非线性震动特性，对钢筋-沥青隔震结构进行了振动台试验，分析了结构在不同加速度幅值输入时的隔震性能。同时，在钢材的应力-应变关系基础上，考虑构件竖向力的二次矩效应，提出了钢筋-沥青隔震层骨架曲线的计算方法，并结合双线型恢复力模型的滞回规则，建立了相应的恢复力模型。利用建立的恢复力模型，编制程序进行了弹塑性时程分析，并与试验结果作对比。结果表明:当钢筋-沥青隔震层的受力钢筋进入弹塑性阶段时，隔震层能够吸收大部分地震能量，显著降低上部结构的地震反应；弹塑性时程分析结果与试验结果吻合较好，由此建立的恢复力模型准确并且适用，可为钢筋-沥青隔震层的工程设计与非线性地震反应分析提供参考。  相似文献   

伊洛瓦底盆地热-沉降史模拟及构造-热演化特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李浩  林畅松  张燕梅  黄理力  李本彬  吴昊 《地球物理学报》2014,57(3):884-890

本文首先运用EASY% Ro反演法对伊洛瓦底盆地由北向南进行了热史的恢复，北部钦敦凹陷的平均古地温梯度为13.0~15.0 ℃/km，中部沙林凹陷的平均古地温梯度为18.0~22.0 ℃/km，南部三角洲凹陷的平均古地温梯度为33.0~37.0 ℃/km.从模拟结果可以看出，盆地由北向南地温梯度逐渐升高，生烃门限的深度由深变浅.然后模拟了盆地的构造沉降史.模拟结果表明，盆地具有幕式构造沉降特征，这反映了伊洛瓦底盆地可能处于弧间或弧后的构造背景.伊洛瓦底盆地北部和南部具有不同幕次的构造沉降史，北部在早始新世时期（53~51 Ma）经历了一幕拉伸过程，然后进入了热沉降期，并伴随局部的快速隆升；南部则经历了两幕拉张过程，分别是在早始新世时期（53~51 Ma）和中中新世时期（21~13 Ma）.盆地的这种南北构造沉降的差异很可能是造成盆地地温梯度北低南高的原因.  相似文献   

强震下四边钢柱支承单层柱面网壳弹塑性地震响应研究     

刘云涛  李海旺 《地震学刊》2014,(6):687-692

采用集中塑性铰理论和SAP2000结构分析软件,对某体育练习馆（钢柱周边支承单层柱面网壳）整体结构进行了强震下弹塑性地震响应分析。分析中考虑了几何和材料双重非线性影响,获得了节点位移响应、杆件塑性铰的分布特征和结构的整体变形与失效形态,并评定了整体结构在强震下的极限承载力与失效类型。结果表明：该结构在强震下的失效界限地震加速度峰值为1260gal,最大竖向变形为短向跨度的1/163,满足＂避难与救灾建筑结构＂的抗震性能设防要求;结构的失效类型为动力失稳破坏,临界失效时出现塑性铰的杆件较少,结构塑性发展程度不充分;由整体稳定控制的单层柱面网壳在满足稳定承载力的要求下具有较大的抗震潜能。  相似文献   

Reproductive traits and conservation needs of the endemic gammarid Laurogammarus scutarensis () from the Skadar Lake system,Balkan Peninsula     

《Limnologica》2014

Europe is one of the global hotspots of freshwater amphipod diversity with a number of endemic species, yet many of European freshwater ecosystems are under extreme anthropogenic pressure. Studying the biology and ecology of endemic species may substantially help to assess risk of extinction and define proxies for their conservation. Laurogammarus scutarensis is a Balkan endemic and the only species within the genus Laurogammarus G. Karaman 1984. Its distribution is restricted to temperature-stable, cool waters of the springs, streams and lower sections of a few rivers emptying to the north-western part of the Skadar Lake in Montenegro – an area under heavy anthropogenic pressure in recent years. We examined life history of the species in a limnocrene spring with year-round stable temperature (10 °C ± 0.5) by estimating its population structure over a year, fecundity, reproductive period and relationship between photoperiod and reproduction. These parameters were compared to those of other gammarids, including invasive species, in order to estimate the role of photoperiod in shaping life history of L. scutarensis, and to give insight into the possible conservation needs for that species. Our results show that the species is univoltine and its reproduction continues round the year. However, its intensity is synchronised with seasonal day length changes with the highest share of females breeding in spring and early summer. The population sex structure is strongly female biased in most of the year. Number of eggs laid depends positively on the female body length; however the mean brood size (15.53 eggs) of L. scutarensis is rather low when compared to other species. Also partial fecundity and mean body length at which individuals start to reproduce indicate that its reproductive potential is much lower than that of many other gammarid species, including those colonising many European water bodies in recent years. Concluding, the studied life history traits of L. scutarensis combined with its very narrow distribution range and peculiar thermal requirements reported in the literature provide as with the hint to define the species as vulnerable to threats posed by the habitat degradation and competition with other species. Taking into account the risk of invasion by alien species and progressive habitat loss, we are of the opinion that L. scutarensis should be recognised as an endangered species and that a conservation plan should be implemented to prevent its possible extinction.  相似文献   

导管架平台拆除过程稳定性及影响因素分析     

孙树峰  吕涛  陈国明  孙久洋  宋玉东  何睿 《海洋工程》2020,38(1):140-146

现有服役海洋平台正逐步走向老龄化,海洋平台拆除成为海洋工程新的经济增长点。针对达到服役年限的导管架平台,基于数值分析方法模拟拆除过程,开展平台在不同拆除阶段和环境载荷等参数下的稳定性及影响规律研究。基于钢结构整体稳定性理论,以导管架平台拆除过程中顶点位移为参考,定义导管架平台拆除作业稳定性指标,提出拆除作业阶段划分方法,通过分析导管架平台在不同影响因素作用下拆除过程稳定性响应,给出拆除作业建议。选取我国南海某4裙12腿进行实例分析,结果表明:主桩腿对导管架平台起决定性承载作用,拆除部分主桩腿后需要引入外部支撑力,以保证拆除作业安全进行;拆除构件越多,来浪方向和环境载荷大小对平台影响越加显著。研究结果可为导管架平台拆除作业提供参考。  相似文献