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动物型溶菌酶研究新进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
溶菌酶可以分解连接N-乙酰胞壁酸(NAM)和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(NAG)残基之间的β-1,4糖苷键。g型、c型和i型溶菌酶是3种动物型溶菌酶。近年来,越来越多的报道表明这3种类型的溶菌酶在动物界广泛存在,g型和c型溶菌酶主要存在于脊椎动物中,i型溶菌酶仅存在于无脊椎动物中,部分物种中同时存在2种动物型溶菌酶。本文简要概述了溶菌酶在动物各物种中的存在情况和组织分布情况、基因组结构与系统进化以及溶菌酶抑制剂的研究新进展。 相似文献
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Polar anthropogenic organic micropollutants are frequently detected in freshwater and discharged on large scale into marine systems. In this work the results of 153 samples collected from the shorelines of the Baltic Sea (Germany), Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy), Aegean Sea and Dardanelles (Greece & Turkey), San Francisco Bay (USA), Pacific Ocean (USA), Mediterranean Sea (Israel), and Balearic Sea (Spain) are presented. The samples were analyzed for various classes of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, and stimulants. Caffeine, paraxanthine, theobromine, tolyltriazole, 1H-benzotriazole, and atrazine were detected in >50% of all samples. The detection frequencies of carbamazepine, iopamidol, diuron, sulfamethoxazole, paracetamol, theophylline, and atenolol were between 20% and 32%. As caffeine is linked to untreated wastewater, the widespread occurrence of raw sewage in marine environments and thus potentially elevated nutrient concentrations and risk for the presence of wastewater-related pathogens is remarkable. 相似文献
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用刚收割的水稻(Oryza sativa L.)秸秆浸提液代替水配制培养基培养铜绿微囊藻(Microcystic aeruginosa),追踪测定微囊藻的生物量、叶绿素a含量、光合速率、呼吸速率、膜透性、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性、光合膜自发荧光强度等相关生理生化指标的变化,研究水稻秸秆浸液对铜绿微囊藻的抑制作用.结果表明,质量比≥1/100(水稻秸秆/水)的水稻秸秆浸提液对微囊藻的生长有明显的抑制作用,表现如下:藻细胞生物量在实验过程中逐日降低,藻细胞叶绿素a含量和光合速率急剧下降,呼吸速率和超氧物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先升高后下降的趋势,膜透性迅速升高,细胞光合膜自发荧光强度显著衰减.用不同的有机溶剂对该浸提液进行萃取,浓缩后用滤纸片法在固体培养基上做抑藻实验,乙醚和乙酸乙酯萃取液能明显看到抑藻圈,证实其中含有抑制物质. 相似文献
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僧帽牡蛎碱性磷酸酶性质的研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
从僧帽牡蛎分离纯化出一种碱性磷酸酶,采用Sephadex G-200凝胶过滤柱层析法测得该酶分子量为1.57×10~5.以对硝基苯磷酸为底物,该酶的最适温度为43℃,最适pH值为10.0.在37℃和pH值为10.0的条件下,酶催化反应的米氏常数(K_m)为9.68×10~(-4)mol/dm~3,活化能(E_a)为45.85kJ/mol,温度系数(Q_(10))为1.80(30～40℃).对该酶的热稳定性研究表明:其在45℃以下较为稳定,50℃以上明显失活,并测定了该酶的热失活速度常数.金属离子对酶活力的效应研究结果表明:Mg~(2+)、Mn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Co~(2+)对酶有激活作用,Ag~+、Hg~(2+)、Zn~(2+)表现为抑制作用,Cd~(2+)几乎没有影响.Mg~(2+)是较有效的激活剂,表现为部分非竞争性效应,激活常数(K_a)为2.48×10~(-4)mol/dm~3,有Mg~(2+)存在时该酶活性中心的转换数量是无Mg~(2+)时的4.0倍.几种效应物对酶的抑制机理研究表明:HPO_4~(2-)、HAsO_4~(2-)、Cys为竞争性,其抑制常数分别为1.61、1.18和0.15mmol/dm~3;L-Phe为反竞争性,抑制常数为3.26mmol/dm~3. 相似文献
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Phenoloxidases(POs)are a group of copper proteins including tyrosinase,catecholase and laccase,which play crucial roles in the innate immune response of mollusks.In this research,POs were studied in cultured mollusk species,including scallop Chla-mys farreri,abalone Haliotis discus hannai and clam Scapharca subcrenata.The POs were isolated from hemocytes using linear-gradient native-PAGE combined with catechol staining.The PO activities and their characters were investigated.The molecular mass of PO in C.farreri was 576 kDa,and it was 228 kDa in H.discus hannai.In S.subcrenata,four POs were detected and their mole-cular masses were 391 kDa,206 kDa,174 kDa and<67 kDa,which were named as 391-PO,206-PO,174-PO and s-PO,respectively.Ki-netic analyses indicated that all of the POs,except for 391-PO had higher affinity to L-DOPA and catechol than to hydroquinone and dopamine.However,all of the POs failed to oxidize tyrosine.The effects of divalent metal ions on POs’activities were assayed,in-cluding Fe2+,Mg2+,Zn2+,Mn2+,Cu2+and Ca2+from FeCl2,MgSO4,ZnSO4,MnCl2,CuSO4and CaCl2.The POs were inhibited by Fe2+at all determined concentrations.Additionally,the inhibition assay showed that all of the POs were inhibited by cysteine,ascorbic acid,sodium sulfite,citric acid,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium(EDTA)and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate(DETC).The inhibition effects of critric acid and EDTA are dose-dependent.H.discus hannai PO and 391-PO were slightly inhibited by sodium azide,and H.discus hannai PO,391-PO and 174-PO were slightly inhibited by thiourea.In conclusion,the POs in the three cultured mollusks are copper-containing laccase-type phenoloxidases with similar biochemical characteristics even though their molecular masses are different. 相似文献
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Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors were screened from organic solvent extracts of macroalgae by a spectrophotometrical method with p-nitrophenyl-D-glucopyranosidase as the substrate. The result indicates that orgarlic crude extracts from some macroalgae such as Rhodomela confervoides (Huds.) Silva, Gracilaria textorii(Suringar) DeToni, Plocamium telfairiae Harv., Dictyopteris divaricata (Okam.) Okam, Ulval pertusa and Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Link et al. show strong inhibitory activity of alpha-glucosidase at concentration of 79.6 μg/ml. 相似文献
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Raymond Cooper David Lavie Yitzchak Gutterman Michael Evenari 《Journal of Arid Environments》1994,27(4)
In 14 species of Aegilops, four species of Triticum and two species of Hordeum, a complex of rare phenolic compounds was found and showed quantitative differences between the wild and domestic species. There was a dramatic reduction in the cultivars to about 5% of the amount of these phenolic constituents. In the wild species these phenolic compounds may act as important germination regulators, such as water-dissolving germination inhibitors which may act as 'rain gauges'. This is especially important for the germination at the appropriate time in species inhabiting arid regions or deserts. 相似文献
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The addition of various concentrations (1, 10 and 20 mM) of Group VI anions to sediment slurry resulted in inhibition of the rate of sulphate reduction at the two higher concentrations, the degree of inhibition being in the order of molyb-date . The addition of 20 mM concentrations of these inhibitors almost entirely eliminated sulphate reduction. Doubling the sulphate concentration while using the highest concentration of inhibitors (20 mM) led to the re-establishment of some sulphate reduction in the and treated slurries whereas no such reversal was noticed with . These observations suggested that and are competitive inhibitors of sulphate reduction, while is a non-competitive inhibitor. 相似文献
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