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1.
几株真菌对铊吸附作用的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铊是13种优先控制的有毒有害重金属元素之一,研究微生物与铊之间的相互作用有重要的理论意义和应用价值。在黔西南滥木厂铊矿区采集土壤和沉积物,借助平板筛选法在铊浓度为1000 mg/L水平筛选得到九株高耐受性菌株,用于真菌对铊的胞外吸附作用实验,并采用液体发酵法考察真菌对铊的胞外吸附作用,实验设计了1000 mg/L、1200 mg/L和1500mg/L三种铊处理水平,借助ICP-MS检测分析样品的铊含量,以此计算吸附效率。结果表明,三种处理水平中,真菌菌株对铊的吸附效率为4.63%~16.89%,且随着环境中铊浓度的上升,菌丝体(或菌丝球)生物量明显减少,导致吸附效率的下降;真菌对常量元素如钙、钠、钾的吸附与对铊的吸附呈显著正相关。这表明真菌细胞对钙、钾的吸附方式可能与对铊的吸附方式类似。 相似文献
2.
在滇池福保湾不同区域应用Peeper(渗析膜式)技术,分析了底泥间隙水NH4 -N、Po43--p的垂向分布特征和近表层10cm内底泥的微生物活性(FDA)、碱性磷酸酶活性(APA),并对它们之间的相互关系进行了统计分析.结果表明,NH4 -N和Po43--p浓度自上覆水向下层间隙水呈先升后降趋势,反映它们有自间隙水向上覆水扩散的潜在危害;底泥有机质(Loss-on-Ignion,LOI)、APA和FDA活性也有从表层底泥向下层逐步降低的趋势.在空问分布上,Po43--p浓度变化为河口区>湾心区>西部沿岸区>东部沿岸区,与沉积物中LOI、APA和FDA活性的大小顺序基本相同.间隙水NH4 6-N浓度与表层10cm内底泥的APA和FDA活性具有显著正相关性(α＝0.01).Po43--p浓度与底泥APA和FDA活性具有负相关性.但相关系数很低. 相似文献
3.
科尔沁沙质草甸土壤微生物数量的垂直分布及季节动态 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对中国农牧交错带科尔沁沙质草甸土壤微生物数量的垂直分布及其季节动态的研究分析表明:(1)微生物总数、细菌和放线菌数量均表现出与降雨量同步的季节动态,即6月份较5月份有所减少,7月份增至最多,7月份以后微生物数量逐渐下降,真菌则表现出从5月份到8月份一直增加,9月份开始回落;(2)土壤微生物具有明显的垂直分布差异.细菌和放线菌的垂直分布表现出随土壤深度增加逐渐减少的趋势,真菌数量表层最高,20 cm以下变化不够规律;(3)土壤微生物的层化比率均大于2(5月份放线菌除外);(4)不同土壤生态因子对微生物的影响不同,相同因子对不同微生物类群的影响也不相同.细菌受水分影响较大,真菌与地温的变化趋势相近,放线菌与水热条件的共同作用有关.土壤养分(有机碳和全氮)与微生物数量呈显著的正相关. 相似文献
4.
实验室条件下微生物降解原油的地球化学特征研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
通过对胜利油田四个正常原油样品微生物作用前后的族组分及饱和烃色谱质谱分析,发现实验室条件下微生物对原油有明显的降解作用。微生物作用以后的原油族组分其饱和烃相对含量降低,饱/芳比也明显降低,而芳烃、非烃和沥青质的相对含量都不同程度的升高。通过饱和烃色谱-质谱分析,发现微生物作用以后原油正构烷烃被严重降解,姥/植(Pr/Ph)比值和∑C21-/∑C22+比值都明显降低。微生物作用原油后能产生表面活性剂,造成了培养基表面张力的降低。 相似文献
5.
土壤酶对碘离子在土壤中吸附行为的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以批式试验法研究了微生物、葡萄糖氧化酶、脲酶、纤维素酶及其催化底物葡萄糖、尿素和纤维素对Ⅰ-在土壤中吸附的影响,结果表明微生物能显著提高Ⅰ-吸附量,但葡萄糖氧化酶、脲酶、纤维素酶及葡萄糖、尿素和纤维素对Ⅰ-吸附并无促进作用.葡萄糖氧化酶及葡萄糖含量在小于100 mg/L时对Ⅰ-吸附无影响,1000 mg/L时与Ⅰ-呈竞争吸附;脲酶及尿素随浓度增大,对Ⅰ-吸附的抑制作用变得明显;1～1000 mg/L范围内,纤维素酶和纤维素对Ⅰ-吸附没有影响;但葡萄糖氧化酶和葡萄糖生成的中间产物可促进土壤对Ⅰ-的吸附.平衡液中溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量随时间增加而逐渐降低,有机质浓度越大,降低趋势越明显. 相似文献
6.
根据已发表的最小弧菌热不稳定型溶血素（heat-labile hemolysin）基因核苷酸序列，设计和合成一对特异性引物，以最小弧菌96-6-3的基因组DNA为模板，PCR扩增得到热不稳定型溶血素基因片段，克隆到质粒载体pMD-18T中进行测序和分析．其结果表明扩增的热不稳定型溶血素基因片段与已发表的最小弧菌热不稳定型溶血素的同源性高达98％，扩增片段编码由446个氨基酸组成的多肽，推测分子量为50200．软件分析表明编码的氨基酸有较高的抗原性，可作为基因工程疫苗的候选基因片段． 相似文献
7.
MA Sihong ZHANG Shuichang SU Jin WANG Xiaomei HE Kun FANG Yu MI Jingkui 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(1):293-308
Mesoproterozoic marine organic-rich rocks are widely distributed in the North China Craton,include the Gaoyuzhuang(GYZ),the Hongshuizhuang(HSZ),and the Xiamaling(XML)formations.According to the T;value and isomerisation ratio of C;homohopanes,the XML,HSZ,and GYZ samples were in low mature,mature and high mature stage,respectively.Biomarker distribution in extractable organic matter(EOM)of three Mesoproterozoic organic-rock samples in different maturity were analysed to reveal the organic precursor and preservation pathway of in the Mesoproterozoic Combined with gold-tube pyrolysates of three Mesoproterozoic samples,it could further illuminate the chemical composition of Mesoproterozoic kerogen,given excluding.The results indicated that the three formations were all deposited under reducing condition and their organic precursors mainly were some aquatic organisms.High content of rearranged hopanes was detected in EOM of XML and HSZ samples,whereas they were relatively low in the high mature GYZ sample.Contrast to that in EOM,the relative concentration of rearranged hopanes sharply decreased in the gold-tube pyrolysates of the XML kerogen,then slightly increased but was still significantly lower than the EOM of XML sample,which indicated that catalysis of clay minerals in the early diagenesis only changed the chemical composition of the unstable functional groups of the kerogen during the preservation.Due to the thriving heterotrophic microbes and low sink rate of particulate organic matter during the Mesoproterozoic,primary producers suffered extensive degradation during sinking process,only some resistant biopolymers lacking of lipid compounds survived from heterotrophic degradation,while heterotrophic microbes contained more proportion of organic precursors.Abundant pristane(Pr)and phytane(Ph)were only released in high mature stage because of the protection of the macromolecular structure of resistant biopolymers which prevented biomarkers from being altered by the thermal stress.The absence of 13α(n-alkyl)-tricyclic terpanes in the high matured hydrocarbon products also indicated the different precursors between different parts of Mesoproterozoic kerogen.The evolution of the biomarker composition and content of Mesoproterozoic kerogen showed some special characteristics differing from those of Phanerozoic kerogen.The total concentrations of hopanes displayed with an order of low mature stage>high mature stage>mature stage.Relative content of rearranged hopanes in the hydrocarbon generated in high mature stage was significantly lower than that in the low maturity stage.The ratios of Pr/n-C17 and Ph/n-C18 increased with thermal maturity,and the ratio of nC21-/nC22+ decreased in the high maturity stage,thus displaying another order of mature stage>high maturity stage>low maturity stage.The unique preservation pathway of Mesoproterozoic organisms was attributed to the special evolution characteristics of biomarker distributions,which should be considered in the Mesoproterozoic marine environment and biological studies. 相似文献
8.
Famennian microbial reef facies, Napier and Oscar Ranges, Canning Basin, western Australia 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Following the Frasnian–Famennian mass extinction, which eliminated most skeletal reef-building fauna, the early Famennian reefs of the Canning Basin were constructed primarily by reef-framework microbial communities. In the Napier and Oscar Ranges, the Famennian reef complexes had high-energy, reef-flat depositional environments on a reef-rimmed platform that transitioned into low-energy, deep-water reefs growing in excess of 50 m below sea level. High-energy, reef-flat depositional environments contain doming fenestral stromatolites that grade into porous thrombolites and are associated with coarse-grained sandstones and grainstones. The reef-margin subfacies contains mounds of microdigitate thrombolites, which are more delicate than the reef-flat thrombolites and locally contain abundant red algae, Girvanella, renalcids and sediment-filled tubes. Within the thrombolites, the red algae are in upright growth positions, suggesting that the thrombolites are largely composed of carbonate that precipitated in situ. Reefal-slope environments are dominated by Wetheredella and Rothpletzella with locally abundant Girvanella, renalcids and Uralinella. In reefal-slope strata, delicate fans and microdigitate stromatolites of Wetheredella and Rothpletzella are often oriented horizontal or diagonal to bedding and are interpreted as syndepositionally toppled over. Most mesoscale microbial community structures contain several species of microbial fossils, and no single microbial species appears to have controlled the morphology of the community structure. Therefore, the depositional environment must have determined the distribution and morphology of the stromatolites, thrombolites and other microbial community structures. The adaptability of microbial communities to various reef environments allowed them to fill ecological niches opportunistically after the Frasnian–Famennian mass extinction. 相似文献
9.
影响浸铀细菌活性的因素初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
微生物浸铀技术可以大幅度提高难浸铀矿石的浸出率 ,其关键技术是培养高活性的菌种。为了培养能适应多种恶劣条件的高活性菌种 ,必须对影响浸铀微生物活性的各种因素进行研究。通过实验室对浸铀细菌硫杆菌属中的氧化亚铁硫杆菌的活性因素的研究 ,并结合实际对从江西山南矿区的野外矿样中分离筛选出的菌株的活性的影响因素作了初步探讨 ,认为pH值为 1 8、温度为 30℃、接种量为 2 0 %及 90r/min的充气条件是该硫杆菌最佳的培养条件。通过对磷、铀两种元素在不同浓度下对细菌活性影响的试验 ,得出高浓度的磷、铀对细菌有明显的抑制作用 ,但通过驯化可以降低及弱化这种抑制作用。 相似文献
10.
太平洋中部微生物与多金属结核的生成关系 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
作者采用洋底水-岩-微生物相互作用系统的观点首次对太平洋中部洋底多金属结核开展了微生物成矿作用的研究。通过洋底各介质中微生物活动与多金属结核生成机制、成矿物质转化的微生物作用及化学作用对比模拟实验研究、观察和测定系统中成矿物质浓度及环境参数的变化,揭示了成矿组分由微生物活动引起的反应速度和演变方向;从微生物地球化学作用的观点,论证了多金属结核微生物成矿机制和成矿模式;提出了多金属结核微生物成矿阶段和成矿理论。 相似文献