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1.
Turnagain Arm is a macrotidal fjord‐style estuary. Glacier Creek is a small, glacially fed stream which enters the estuary tangentially near Girdwood, Alaska. Trenches and daily sedimentation measurements were made in a mudflat along the fluvio–estuarine transition of Glacier Creek during several summers since 2003. Each year, the flats appear to erode during the winter and then accrete vertically in the spring and summer. In each of the years studied, tidal laminae in vertically thickening and thinning laminae bundles were deposited by twice daily tides in neap–spring tidal cycles. In 2004, bundles of thickening and thinning laminae couplets were noted in trenches cut into the flats. Five laminae bundles alternated between thicker and thinner bundles, corresponding to the perigean (high spring) and apogean (low spring) tides. Well‐preserved apogean–perigean cycles have rarely been documented in modern tidal flat sediments. At this location, vertical accretion of tidal rhythmites with well‐developed neap–spring cyclicity is possible because of the near‐complete removal of the flat from the previous year, which creates accommodation space for vertical accretion without significant reworking. Macrotidal conditions, no reworking by infaunal invertebrates, protection from the main tidal channel by a gravel bar and protection from storm waves and fluvial erosion by a recess in the sedge marsh that surrounds the flats all aid in preservation of rhythmites during aggradation. The position of the flats relative to tidal range allows for accumulation of complete spring cycles and incomplete neap cycles. In the summer of 2004, apogee and perigee were closely aligned with the new and full moons, resulting in successive strong perigee and apogee tides which probably aided in the accumulation of successive thick–thin spring cycles encoding the apogean and perigean tidal cycle. The apogean–perigean signal was not observed in subsequent years.  相似文献   
2.
深圳湾北岸泥滩大型底栖动物次级生产力研究   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
根据2005年3、6、9月和12月在深圳湾北岸泥滩9个取样站采集的大型底栖动物4个季度的定量样品,运用Brey(1990)的经验公式进行了大型底栖动物栖息丰度、生物量、次级生产力和P/B值的研究计算.整个研究区域大型底栖动物年次级生产力平均值(去灰干重)为54.55g/(m2.a),其中观鸟屋附近泥滩(A断面)较高,为68.85g/(m2.a),凤塘河口附近泥滩(H断面)为50.62g/(m2.a)次之,沙嘴码头附近泥滩(F断面)较低,为44.18g/(m2.a),深圳湾北岸泥滩大型底栖动物年平均P/B为2.95.可见,大型底栖动物次级生产力越靠近深圳河河口越低,这与越靠近深圳河河口,大型底栖动物个体越小、生活史更短的结果是一致的.  相似文献   
3.
Abstract-Intertidal zone is a significant wetland between land and ocean. It plays an important rolein maintaining local ecological balance. Both Mai Po and Futian intertidal mudflats are located in Shen-zhen Bay and are important "refueling" point along the East Asian/Australian flyway of migratory birds.The environmental quality of Mai Po and Futian mudflats have aroused great concern due to rapid eco-nomic developments in Hong Kong and Shenzhen in recent decades. Microinfauna of Mai Po and Futianmudflats was investigated in December 2000 and the faunal data were used to assess their environmentalquality. Two other mudflats, namely Ma Wan Typhoon Shelter (a more disturbed area) and Luk Kengintertidal mudflat (a place with relatively less human disturbance), were also sampled for macroinfaunaand used as reference mudflats. Shannon-Weaver species diversity index (I_(sd)), biotic coefficient (C_b)and macrofaunal pollution index (I_(mp)) of the macrofauna community on four intertidal mudflats wereused to  相似文献   
4.
厦门潮间带表层沉积物天然放射系不平衡研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
用HPGeγ谱仪测定了厦门潮间带表层沉积物中的放射性核素,得到11种核素238U2、34Th2、26Ra2、22Rn2、10Pb2、28Ra2、28Ac2、28Th2、24Ra2、12Pb、40K的平均比活度分别为:40.2、82.7、32.4、28.9、94.2、69.3、57.1、71.6、64.0、71.4、692Bq/kg.结果表明潮间带沉积物中天然放射系不平衡,其中234Th相对于238U2、10Pb相对于226Ra过剩,222Rn相对于226Ra2、28Ac相对于228Ra2、24Ra相对于228Th亏损.  相似文献   
5.
上海潮滩沉积物重金属的动力学累积特征   总被引:68,自引:3,他引:65  
1993年7-8月,在上海长江口南岸和杭州湾北岸淤泥质潮滩不同地貌部位,采集表层沉积物和柱状沉积物样品,采用筛析法,离心法、火焰原子吸收法,^210Pb法等分别对沉积物粒度、重金属总量,不同粒级重金属含量以及沉积速率等进行了和测定。结果表明,潮滩沉积物重金属的空间分布格局并不受沿岸排污的直接影响,而与沉积动力作用密切相关。在水动力条件较弱的淤涨岸段和高潮滩部位,伴随着细颗粒起泥沙的大量堆积,Cu,  相似文献   
6.
不同出露时间下洞庭湖洲滩土壤及生态系统呼吸特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
周延  靖磊  杨萌  史林鹭  吕偲  雷光春 《湖泊科学》2018,30(6):1664-1671
于2015年1月洞庭湖枯水期,针对不同出露时间下的洲滩,调查其土壤理化性质,并利用LI-8100便携式二氧化碳气体分析仪监测其生态系统呼吸.结果表明:在洞庭湖枯水期,洲滩出露后,洲滩土壤有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮和全氮含量随出露时间增长而先升高后降低.土壤溶解性有机碳含量是影响洞庭湖枯水期洲滩生态系统呼吸强度的最重要影响因子.溶解性有机碳含量随出露时间增长而提高,洲滩生态系统呼吸强度随之提高,并在洲滩出露约60天后达到最高值.出露洲滩生态系统呼吸通量均值为0.72±0.55 μmol/(m2·s),超过杨树林地、芦苇地和农田地,成为洞庭湖区冬季CO2排放最活跃的区域.  相似文献   
7.
对双台子河口潮滩上所采集沉积物样品的微量元素含量进行了测试分析,研究其空间分布特征、元素相关性以及元素组合特征,探索了微量元素在河口潮滩上的迁移富集规律及其控制因素。结果表明:潮滩沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn元素富集,V元素流失;除Ti、Ba、Sr、Zr外,其余11种元素均表现为高潮滩比中低潮滩含量高;R型因子分析识别出3个微量元素组合,分别是Mn、Rb、Co、Cu等为代表的亲铁亲铜的元素组合,Sr、Ba等与含钾矿物有关的元素组合和Nb、Y等与细粒黏土有关的元素组合。  相似文献   
8.
动力地貌过程是河口与海岸滩涂研究的基础和关键。从动力地貌作用过程、数值模拟技术应用、遥感技术应用等方面综述了近年来河口与海岸滩涂动力地貌过程研究的主要进展,并强调采用先进仪器进行现场原型观测、加强人类活动与全球变暖协同作用下的滩涂动力地貌过程及灾害研究、加强当前滩涂开发已移至中低滩背景下的滩涂动力地貌过程演变趋势研究、加强不同因素综合影响下的滩涂区域粘性泥沙运动特性的基础理论研究和重视国内外滩涂动力地貌过程的对比研究为未来进一步研究的方向。  相似文献   
9.
Using in situ, continuous, high frequency (8–16 Hz) measurements of velocity, suspended sediment concentration (SSC), and salinity, we investigate the factors affecting near-bed sediment flux during and after a meteorological event (cold front) on an intertidal flat in central San Francisco Bay. Hydrodynamic forcing occurs over many frequency bands including wind wave, ocean swell, seiching (500–1000 s), tidal, and infra-tidal frequencies, and varies greatly over the time scale of hours and days. Sediment fluxes occur primarily due to variations in flow and SSC at three different scales: residual (tidally averaged), tidal, and seiching. During the meteorological event, sediment fluxes are dominated by increases in tidally averaged SSC and flow. Runoff and wind-induced circulation contribute to an order of magnitude increase in tidally averaged offshore flow, while waves and seiching motions from wind forcing cause an order of magnitude increase in tidally averaged SSC. Sediment fluxes during calm periods are dominated by asymmetries in SSC over a tidal cycle. Freshwater forcing produces sharp salinity fronts which trap sediment and sweep by the sensors over short (∼30 min) time scales, and occur primarily during the flood. The resulting flood dominance in SSC is magnified or reversed by variations in wind forcing between the flood and ebb. Long-term records show that more than half of wind events (sustained speeds of greater than 5 m/s) occur for 3 h or less, suggesting that asymmetric wind forcing over a tidal cycle commonly occurs. Seiching associated with wind and its variation produces onshore sediment transport. Overall, the changing hydrodynamic and meteorological forcing influence sediment flux at both short (minutes) and long (days) time scales.  相似文献   
10.
In order to understand the hydrodynamic parameters that control the fluvial sediment dynamics on an intertidal mudflat located in a sheltered zone in the upper part (fluvial part) of the macrotidal Seine estuary (France), a two-year field study of high-frequency field measurements was carried out. The bed-level evolution of the mudflat surface was measured from the semi-diurnal period to annual time scales using a high-resolution altimeter. The data showed that the sedimentary patterns on the mudflat were mainly controlled by river flows and tides. During high river flows in winter, sedimentation dominated; suspended particulate matter concentrations were higher, submersion was constant and at semi-diurnal scale, sedimentation duration was more important than erosion due to an asymmetrical tide. By contrast during low river flows in summer, erosion dominated mainly as a result of immersion/emersion of tidal flats during semi-diurnal cycle. From this annual sedimentation–erosion cycle we identify a temporary storage of 10–30% of the fine-grained (<63 μm) river-borne particles on mudflats in the upper section of the fluvial Seine estuary during high river flows.River-related sediment fluxes were estimated from the measurement of fine-grained sedimentation zones in the fluvial part of the estuary. The erosion/sedimentation processes were perennial, and the amounts of contributing sediments were directly related to the solid river load. Our results indicate that mudflats in the fluvial part of the Seine estuary play an important role in the downstream transfer of fine-grained suspended particulate matter (SPM) towards the turbidity maximum and the Rouen docks particularly during low river flows, when roughly 30–50% of the SPM originates from the eroded intertidal flats.  相似文献   
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