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Diamictic sediments within high Arctic lake sediment cores: evidence for lake ice rafting along the lateral glacial margin 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
I. Rod Smith 《Sedimentology》2000,47(6):1157-1179
Sediment cores from six small lake basins in the Canadian high Arctic reveal a gravel‐rich (≤30% by weight) to gravel‐poor (≥2%) diamict facies underlying massive, post‐glacial, clayey silt. Ten other lakes contain a second diamict facies within what are interpreted to be glaciolacustrine sedimentary assemblages. The sedimentology, clast fabrics and fossil remains (diatoms, ostracodes and chironomid head capsules) within both diamict facies suggest that these deposits are not tills. Clast fabrics yielded low S1 (0·41–0·57) and high S3 (0·09–0·22) eigenvalues, placing them within the range of ice‐rafted diamictons and glacigenic sediment flows. The high percentage of clast dip angles >45° (15–61%), random clast azimuth and lower diamict contacts conformable to underlying current‐bedded sediment favours an origin as a rain‐out or settling deposit. Samples of the matrix and scrapings of clasts from the diamicts revealed a diatom assemblage dominated by littoral and planktonic forms, such as are found in the littoral regions of the lakes today. This contrasts sharply with the assemblages within the overlying clayey silt, in which benthic forms predominate. Clasts are thus interpreted to have been rafted from the littoral areas of the lake. The process proposed to explain this is rafting by the lake ice cover in a glacial‐marginal environment. Early season meltwater, impounded along the lateral margin of retreating cold‐based glaciers, would buoyantly lift the lake ice cover and any adfrozen lake sediment. Higher lake levels and increased areal extent of seasonal freeze‐on between the lake ice cover and the lake bed would allow the redeposition of littoral sediments to the benthic regions through greater lateral shifting of the ice cover as it broke up. Incision by meltwater streams into the lateral glacial margins would later isolate the lake, allowing seasonal warming of lake water, enough to support the growth and maturation of the ostracode and chironomid species found as fossils within the diamicts. 相似文献
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湖相介形虫壳的稳定同位素和微量元素在古气候研究中的应用 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
本文介绍了测定实验室养殖的介形虫Candonarawsoni和水的氧同位素分馏系数，结果表明，这个种属的介形虫壳的氧同位素组成是它所生成环境水的氧同位素组成和水温的函数。因此，介形虫壳的氧同位素组成是一个很好的水化学环境指示计。本文研究了Candonarawsoni的脱壳温度范围，发现它可以在很宽温度范围内脱壳及生长新壳。由于季节温度变化很大，所以用介形虫壳的地球化学指标研究古环境的变化时，每个样品都要采集较多的个体介形虫壳，以使其分析结果能代表年平均温度。 相似文献
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This study summarizes the results of micropaleontological, sedimentological, and isotope geochemical analyses of cuttings from five deep wells drilled in the Great Salt Lake (Utah, USA). Spanning the last 5.0 million yrs, our environmental history of the Great Salt Lake distinguishes four intervals based on paleobiological and sedimentological characteristics, using a previously developed tephrochronology for age control. For most of its history, the Great Salt Lake Basin has been occupied by a mixture of marsh, shallow lacustrine and sand flat conditions. In contrast, open lake conditions, typical of the Bonneville cycles and the modern Great Salt Lake apparently have only dominated the basin for the past 0.6-0.8 Ma. The two main structural basins in the study area (the North and South Basins) experienced different lacustrine histories. Large but frequently saline lakes occupied the North Basin after about 0.6 Ma. In the South Basin, ephemeral, saline lacustrine conditions started at 2.1 Ma and developed to full lacustrine conditions at 0.3 Ma. Our paleoenvironmental interpretations are broadly consistent with the aquatic palynological records from the same wells, as well as with the prior core- and outcrop-based lines of evidence. However, the differences in lake history between the North and South Basin have not been previously recognized. 相似文献
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乌伦古湖介形组合及其壳体同位素记录的全新世气候环境变化 总被引：1，自引：16，他引：1
选择位于西风区的乌伦古湖为研究对象,利用AMS 14 C测年手段,建立了乌伦古湖沉积岩芯全新世以来的时间序列.对湖泊沉积物中的介形类组合特征及其壳体氧碳同位素的综合分析表明,全新世以来乌伦古湖地区气候环境演变经历了3个阶段:9985～5250cal.aB.P.为剖面最湿润阶段,气候经历了温干-冷湿-暖湿的转变,湖水水位和湖面相应地经历了由浅变深、由小变大的变化,出现了高湖面特征;5250～1255cal.aB.P.为剖面最干燥阶段,气候由早期暖干向中后期暖湿转变,湖泊水位先下降后回升;1255cal.aB.P.以来先低温后升温,气候干燥,降水较少,湖水位降低.乌伦古湖介形虫记录的气候环境演化不但与孢粉资料记录相吻合,而且与周边区域环境变化记录一致,很好地响应了区域环境和全球气候突变事件,在百年尺度上主要遵循西风带模式,表现为冷湿暖干组合特征. 相似文献
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从粘土矿物、碳酸盐矿物、孢粉、介形虫等方面,讨论了西藏扎布耶盐湖晚更新世的气候条件.603±2.7kaB.P.、142.2±7.4kaB.P.时期,扎布耶为间或有一定盐度的淡水湖,前期湖水含盐量比后期高.气候寒冷,风化作用不强,物理风化作用为主.高岭石(60.3±2.7kaB.P.)和厌热性介形虫Radix.Bowelli(142.2±7.4kaB.P.)的出现说明,142.2±7.4kaB.P.时期气候偏干冷,气温比现在低;60.3±2.7kaB.P.气候偏湿冷.比较方解石中Mg含量可知,60.3±2.7kaB.P.比142.2±7.4kaB.P.的湖水盐度高. 相似文献
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东营凹陷古近纪济阳群沙河街组内的介形虫化石在平面上的分布有多种形式；就介形虫化石本身的保存特征而言，壳体充填物有5大类型，壳体颜色丰富多彩。对介形虫化石保存特征进行成因探讨，有助于恢复古环境。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地新生代介形类动物群依其属种组成及埋葬学特征可区分为河流、滨湖沼泽、浅湖(0~12m)、半深湖(12~25m)和深湖(>25m)等多种组合。湖相介形类化石组合始见于始新世中期沉积的下干柴沟组下段上部,它们既不同于淡水湖介形类,也不同于湖介形类,而是典型的陆源半咸水—咸水湖介形类动物群;该组合的首次出现,是本区古近纪以来第一次大规模湖侵的标志。介形类动物群在柴达木盆地西部古近系中的纵向横向分布表明,在中、晚始新世(下干柴沟组上段—上干柴沟组下段沉积期)发生规模最大的湖侵,渐新世(上干柴沟组上段沉积期)的湖区虽仍继续向东扩大,但水体明显变浅,标志着湖侵已接近尾声。这一湖侵与邻区塔里木盆地西南始于古新世而结束于始新世末至渐新世初的古近纪海侵相比,发育时期大不相同,在起源上两者间应无因果关系。 相似文献
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